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Milan and her husband, the late marquis. The marchioness treated the king with the greatest hospitality and kindness, making offers of everything she had for his service,—and tenderly reminding him how her deceased lord had left her and her children under his especial protection. The king behaved to her very affectionately; and on the morrow he departed from Moncalvo, to dine and sup at Casal, the capital of the possessions of the marquis of Montferrat.

CASAL. THE

CHAPTER CXCVI.-KING CHARLES MAKES HIS ENTRY INTO THE TOWN OF
MARCHIONESS OF MONTFERRAT AND HER SON PLACE THEMSELVES UNDER HIS
PROTECTION.

THE King of France left Moncalvo on the 7th of October; and on his arrival at Casal, he was received with all demonstrations of joy, and conducted to the castle, where his lodgings had been prepared. At the gate of the castle was the marchioness of Montferrat, richly dressed, with her son, who having humbly saluted the king, and not knowing the French language perfectly well, the count de Foix and the lord Louis made their harangue, which was in substance what the lady had before said,—and that they placed all their possessions, without exception, under his protection, that now they gave him possession of the town and castle of Casal, with all other their strong places. The king benignantly accepted of the trust, and entered the castle of Casal to the sound of trumpets and horns. The lady feasted the king and his company most plentifully with all sorts of meats, wines, and hypocras, so that nothing could have been better. On the morrow, the king presented the young marquis with new and rich dresses, in the French fashion, demonstrating, by his liberality, that he received him under his protection,—and he remained three days in this town. On Friday, at sunrise, the king departed from Casal, to dine at Consse, and sup at Mortare, where he was well received, lodged in the castle, and handsomely feasted. The next day he went to take up his quarters in the town of Vigeue*, and was triumphantly received there by Ludovico Sforza and his lady, with other lords of that country. After the usual ceremonies were over, and they had discoursed sufficiently, he was conducted to his apartments in the castle, which was pleasantly situated, and himself and his company were well entertained.

On Monday, the 23rd of October, the king went to see the Granges, half a league from Vige-vano. These Granges belong to the lord of Milan, are beautifully situated, and hold immense quantities of corn and cattle, and are the place of receipt for all rents due to him in kind. In the first there is a spacious court of stables, the roof of which is supported on handsome columns, for stallions of great value, and adjoining were others for mares and colts. At this time, in other stables were full eighteen hundred horned cattle,—such as fat oxen, cows, and buffaloes. In the sheep-folds, were about fourteen thousand sheep and goats. In short, it was a place excellently contrived, and of great value.

CHAPTER CXCVII.-THE KING OF FRANCE ENTERS PAVIA. HIS RECEPTION THERE.

THE king, having left the Granges, advanced toward Paviat,—and when he was near that city, the clergy came out in handsome procession to meet him. They conducted him in this state to the principal church, called Il Duomo, and thence to his apartments in the castle, which was large and well situated. The duchess and her young son were waiting there to welcome him on his happy arrival; and he and his company were well feasted with a

Vigeue. Q. Vige-vano?

The king went to Pavia to visit the young duke of Milan, John Galease, who was then lying dangerously ill in the castle of that place. He had lately married Isabel of Arragon, who (with her only child, Francis, then but a few months old) went out to meet the king as here mentioned. The death of the duke, which happened

before the king left him, was universally attributed to poison, administered by Ludovico Sforza his uncle, who had long governed the dukedom in his nephew's name, and upon his death assumed the title also of duke, in prejudice of the infant son of John Galease.—See GuiCCIARDINI, lib, i.

variety of meats and wines, from the 14th until the 17th, when he took his departure, after hearing mass, to dine at Beriofle, and sup and lie at Castel San Joanne. On the morrow he dined at Roqueste, and thence resolved to make his entry into Piacenza.

As the king approached Piacenza in the afternoon of the 18th of October, the clergy, judges, officers, and principal inhabitants, came out to meet him in a handsome procession, as all the other towns had done, and led him in triumph to the apartments that had been prepared for his reception. While he was in this town, a messenger came to him in haste with letters, containing in substance, that on that day the young duke of Milan had died, which much afflicted and vexed the king. Tears filled his eyes, without any dissembling, and to perform his duty to God, he ordered on the morrow a solemn funeral service to be celebrated,—after which were distributed large sums in alms to the poor, all at the king's expense, and chiefly under the direction of the lord Reginald d'Oreilles. It should not be forgotten, that the king invited the nobles and principal inhabitants to this funeral service: and that they, in gratitude for his benignant humanity, presented him with several immense cheeses, as large as our greatest millstones, which he sent to France, as a gift to the queen. The king, having stayed six days in Piacenza, departed.

CHAPTER CXCVIII.-OF THE SEVERAL TOWNS THE KING OF FRANCE PASSES THROUGH IN HIS MARCH FROM PIACENZA TO LUCCA.

AFTER the king had heard mass at Piacenza, on the 23rd of October, he set out to dine and sup at the little town of Fiorenzuola*, where the people received him very affectionately. On Friday, he lay at another small town called Borgo San Dominot, where he was equally well received. On the 25th, he was quartered at Fornove‡, which is of tolerable size, having a large abbey, and lies at the foot of the Apennines. On the Sunday, he went to Borgo di Val di Taro§; and the next day, after hearing mass, he went to Beers, where he and his train were much straitened for room; but it was necessary to exercise patience according to the country they were in. On Tuesday he left Beers to lie at Pontremolill, where he was received with processions, and lighted tapers and torches, as in the preceding towns At this place, Pietro de Medici waited on the king with intelligence from Florence, and placed himself under his protection. To obviate any attempts of those who were inimical, he promised to place in his hands a small town called Sarsina¶; and he afterwards delivered up another good place of the Florentines, called Sarsonella, near to Sarsane. On Wednesday, the king visited the church of Notre-Dame-des-Miracles, near to the town of Pontremoli, and dined at Yole. This day, owing to some quarrel, several Germans were killed in Pontremoli, for which their countrymen revenged themselves severely on their return from Naples. The whole army marched on the 30th into Sarsina, and there halted for six days, on account of a rebellion among the Florentines. Ludovico Sforza, who was already beginning to form his plans of treachery, came again to visit the king at this place, and returned suddenly to Milan.

On the 6th of November, the king marched his army to Massa, a burgh with a castle having deep ditches all around it near to it is a mountain whence white and black marble is dug,—and from it is seen the sea, about half a league off. He was honourably received by the lady of the place.-On Friday, he left Massa, and took up his quarters at Pietra Santa** a small town belonging to the Florentines; but the king having been duly informed that it formed part of the duchy of Genoa, and that the inhabitants had put themselves under the Florentines for their better security, and through subtlety, he placed in the castle a strong garrison of gens-d'armes until his return.

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*Fiorenzuola,-thirteen miles from Piacenza.

+ Borgo San Domino,-twenty miles from Piacenza. Fornove, ten miles from Parma, remarkable for the victory of Charles VIII. with nine thousand men, over the confederated princes of Italy.

Borgo di Val di Taro,-a small city, capital of the country called Val di Taro.

|| Pontremoli,-forty leagues from Parma.
TQ. Sarsina ?

** Pietra Santa,-six miles from Massa.

CHAPTER CXCIX.- OF THE ENTRY AND RECEPTION OF THE KING OF FRANCE IN THE TOWN OF LUCCA.

WHEN the king made his entry into Lucca, he was met by the clergy and principal townsmen in procession, a league distant,-and what was most singular, the greater part of them were dressed in fine cloths of gold, or in velvets. After they had all paid their respects to the king, they conducted him into the town, which was richly decorated with tapestries, and divers pageants. He was lodged in the bishop's palace, where he and his company were grandly entertained.

CHAPTER CC.-THE KING ENTERS THE TOWN OF PISA.-OTHERS OF HIS CAPTAINS ADVANCE AS FAR AS FLORENCE.

THE king left Lucca on the following morning, after hearing mass, to dine at Primat, and in the evening entered Pisa, having been met by the clergy, governor, and chief inhabitants. It was doubtless here that he received the truest marks of affection,-for the very children in the streets, as well as others of higher ranks, shouted out, "Liberty for ever!" They submitted themselves unreservedly to his will, for they were greatly molested by the Florentines; and it was melancholy to hear their complaints of them. The king assured them of his support in maintaining their liberty, which gave greater joy than I can describe,—and it need not be wondered at if, in consequence, the king and his company were so magnificently feasted. The next morning, he marched from Pisa, to dine at Pont Codere, and lodged at Empoli*., On the 11th of November, the king went to lie at Pont-de-Signe, which is a very pleasant place, and tarried there five or six days, because the Florentines had rebelled against Pietro de Medici, who had delivered up to the king some strong places and castles. But so firm a countenance was shown to the said Florentines, and the royal artillery were so well prepared to march against Florence and such as were the most active in rebellion, that they sent ambassadors to offer their obedience to the king, to sue for pardon for their transgressions, and to entreat that he would come to their town.

CHAPTER CCI.-THE KING OF FRANCE, WITH HIS LORDS, ENTERS FLORENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS WHOLE ARMY.

ON Monday, the 17th of November, the king, having assembled his whole army and train of artillery, advanced to a large palace near to Florence, where he dined. The Florentine nobles, with numbers of the lower ranks, came thither to pay him their respects; which they having done, and presented him with the keys of their gates, the French army marched into the town of Florence by companies, each under its own captain, and with displayed banners, in handsome order. This lasted a long time, for there were a greater body of men under arms than the Florentines had ever before seen. When the companies had all passed, the king, accompanied by his princes and nobles, entered the town completely armed, with his body guard and his hundred gentlemen all in armour. He was conducted, having a handsome canopy borne over his head, to the cathedral, and thence to the lodgings that had been prepared for him in the mansion of Pietro de Medici, where he and his company were more sumptuously entertained than can be imagined.

The king, the better to subjugate and keep the Florentines in check, remained some days in Florence. He marched away on the 21st, and was lodged at a large palace not far distant. The next day, Saturday, he went to St. Cassant, where he remained the Sunday; and on the Monday he advanced to Poggiobonzi t, which is a prettily situated town, and, though small, well peopled. On the morrow the king dined at the abbey of Aye, and thence went to his quarters in the city of Sienna.

Empoli, a town fifteen miles west of Florence.

+ Poggiobonzi,-twenty-one miles from Florence.

both sexes, such as hermits, and others of holy lives, to pray incessantly to God that his days might be prolonged *.

In the months of October and November, an embassy arrived from Flanders; and the king referred them to master John de la Vacquerie, a native of Picardy, and who had lately been appointed first president of the court of parliament, the lord des Cordes, and others. They held frequent conferences, and at length agreed to a treaty of peace between the king and the Flemings; and by one of the articles, the dauphin was to marry the daughter of the duke of Austria, then under the guardianship of the town of Ghent. The king was much rejoiced at this, and was very willing to sign the treaty. Te Deums were chaunted throughout the realm, for joy of this event, and bonfires made in all the streets of Tourst. It was now reported, that the Flemish ambassadors were gone to Ghent, to bring back to Paris their countess; and that the king had ordered the lady of Beaujeu, his eldest daughter, the countess of Dunois, sister to the queen, the lady of Thouars, the lady of the lord admiral, and other ladies and damsels, to be ready to receive her, as it was expected she would arrive at Paris about the 8th of December: but her arrival was postponed until some trifling matters of dispute, that had arisen on the part of the Flemings, should be settled.

In this year, a war broke out between the kings of England and Scotland; and the Scots advanced very far into England, where they did much mischief: but notwithstanding the Scots were one hundred thousand men more than the English, a treaty was entered into by means of the duke of Albany, brother to the king of Scotland. The duke of Albany had laid claim to the crown of Scotland, which he said his brother had usurped from him; for that they were twin-children, and he had been the first that was delivered on earth, and therefore, by right of seniority, the crown was his. The duke of Albany had concluded a treaty with the English, which had prevented any battle being fought: and the Scots army returned to their country, and the English to their garrisons §.

In the month of January, the Flemish ambassadors, who had concluded a peace by means of the marriage of the dauphin with the lady Margaret of Austria, returned to France. By orders from the king, the principal persons of Paris went out to meet them, having at their head the bishop of Marseilles, the king's lieutenant in Paris, the provost of marchands, and the sheriffs. A doctor in divinity, named Scourable, made the ambassadors a fine harangue, which pleased them greatly. On the morrow, which was Sunday, the 4th of January, they attended high mass at the church of Notre-Dame, whither a general procession was made; and the doctor, Scourable, preached an excellent sermon, which gave much satisfaction. Te Deum was sung, and bonfires were made, and public tables were spread in the principal streets. When the church-service was over, the ambassadors were grandly entertained by the city of Paris in the town-hall.

The lord cardinal of Bourbon was as much, if not more, rejoiced than any one, on peace being restored and in honour of it had a splendid morality, or farce, exhibited at his hotel of Bourbon, which numbers of the Parisians went to see, and were much delighted with their entertainment. It would have been more brilliant, but the weather was very rainy and wet, which damaged the tapestry and other decorations that adorned the court of the hotel, for it was covered and hung with tapestry, of which the cardinal had very great abundance. The ambassadors, having been spectators of this entertainment, departed from Paris, on the ensuing day, to wait on the king at Amboise. They had a most gracious reception, and saw the dauphin twice, who treated them very kindly. On their quitting Tours, whither they had afterward gone, the king ordered thirty thousand crowns, stamped with the sun, to be given them to defray their expenses, besides a handsome service of plate which he presented to them. On the return of the ambassadors to Paris, they had all the articles of the peace

Among others he sent for Francis of Paule, afterwards St. Francis, and the founder of the order of Minimes in France.

For particulars relative to the treaty of Arras, sce number 369 of Proofs to Comines.

Agnes, daughter to Louis duke of Savoy, wife to Francis I. count of Dunois.

§ Mr. Pinkerton attributes to Richard duke of Glou

cester the rebellion of the duke of Albany, and his as sumption of the title of Alexander King of Scotland. Albany joins Gloucester on his march against Berwick; but the Scottish king is forced to return on account of a revolt of his nobles, who destroy his favourites.

See Pinkerton's History of Scotland,-for the account in the text is very erroneous.

publicly read, with open doors, in the court of parliament, and then enregistered. After this act, master William Picard, bailiff of Rouen, conducted them from the court of parliament to his house, in the Rue de Quinquempoix, where he entertained them, and a large company, with a most plentiful dinner. The king wrote letters, addressed to all ranks in Paris, by which he earnestly besought them instantly to go to the church of St. Denis, and pray to him to make intercession with our Lord Jesus Christ that the north wind might not blow; because, according to the opinions of physicians, the north wind did much harm to the health of mankind, and to the fruits of the earth. By the king's orders, numerous processions were made at divers times from Paris to St. Denis, where public prayers were offered up for his recovery, and many masses chaunted.

CHAPTER CLXXXIV.—THE LORD AND LADY DE BEAUJEU, AND OTHERS, COME TO PARIS, TO
RECEIVE THE DAUPHINESS.-THE DEATH OF KING EDWARD OF ENGLAND. THE DEATH
OF THE LADY MARGARET OF BOURBON, COUNTESS OF BRESSE. THE ENTRY OF THE
DAUPHINESS INTO PARIS, AND HER RECEPTION THERE. THE STEEPLE OF THE CHURCH
OF SAINTE GENEVIEVE BURNED. THE MARRIAGE OF THE DAUPHIN AND DAUPHINESS.
[A. D. 1483.]

ON Saturday, the 19th day of April, after Easter, the lord and lady de Beaujeu arrived at Paris, on their way to Picardy, to receive the dauphiness from the hands of the Flemings, who, by the late treaty of peace, were to deliver her into the hands of the lord de Beaujeu, as representative of the king. The lady of Beaujeu made her entry into Paris, as the king's daughter, and created some new corporations of trades. She and her lord were handsomely accompanied by great barons and their consorts; such as the lord d'Albret *, the lord de St. Valier, and others, the lady of the lord high admiral, and many more ladies and damsels, who staid three days in Paris, during which they were magnificently entertained by the cardinal of Bourbon.

In this month of April, Edward, king of England, died,-as some said, of an apoplexy, and others, that he was poisoned by drinking too much of the good wine of Challuau, which he had received as a present from the king of France. It was said, however, that he was not carried off immediately, but lived long enough to secure the crown to his eldest son. In this same month died also the lady Margaret of Bourbon, countess of Bresse, wife to Philip of Savoy, of a lingering illness, which her physicians could not check: it was a pity, for she was a good lady, full of virtue, and much beloved.

On the 3d of May, by orders from the king, all ranks in Paris, from the highest to the lowest, went in solemn procession to St. Denis, to pray for the prosperity of the king, the queen, the dauphin, and all the princes of the blood, and also to return thanks for the flourishing appearance of the fruits of the earth.

Monday, the 2d of June, the dauphiness made her public entry into Paris about five o'clock in the afternoon, accompanied by the lady of Beaujeu, and many others. She entered by the gate of St. Denis, where three stages were erected: on the uppermost was a representation of the king as sovereign; on the second were two beautiful children, dressed in white damask, to represent the dauphin and the lady Margaret of Flanders; on the lower one were representations of the lord and lady of Beaujeu. On each side of the different personages were hung escutcheons of their arms emblazoned. There were likewise four figures, to represent the peasantry, the clergy, the tradesmen, and the nobility; each of whom addressed a couplet to her as she passed. All the streets were hung with tapestry, and there were other pageants allegorical to the dauphin and dauphiness. In honour of her arrival, all the prisoners in the different jails were set at liberty, and several new corporations of trades were made.

On the 7th of June was a great thunder-storm at Paris between eight and nine at night. A flash of lightning set fire to the steeple of the church of St. Genevieve, burned all the wood-work, which had lasted nine hundred years, and melted all the covering of lead, and

• Alan, lord of Albret, father of John, who was afterward's king of Navarre.

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