Nation, was the chief Motive that induced him to apply his whole ftudies, while he continued among us, to the Diseases of the Mind.

To this purpose he directed, in the first place, his late acquired fkill in Anatomy. He confidered Virtues and Vices as certain Habits which proceed from the natural formation and ftru&ture of particular parts of the body. A Bird flies because it has Wings, a Duck fwims because it is web-footed: and there can be no queftion but the aduncity of the pounces' and beaks of the Hawks, as well as the length of the fangs, the fharpness of the teeth, and the ftrength of the crural and maffeter-mufcles in Lions and Tygers, are the caufe of the great and habitual Immorality of those Animals.

ift, He obferved, that the Soul and Body mutually operate upon each other, and therefore if you deprive the Mind of the outward inftruments whereby the ufually expreffeth that Paffion, you will in time abate the Paffion itself, in like manner as Caftration abates Luft.

2dly, That the Soul in mankind expreffeth every Paffion by the Motion of fome particular Muscles.

3dly, That all Mufcles grow ftronger and thicker by being much used; therefore the habitual Paffions may be difcerned in particular perfons by the ftrength and bigness of the Muscles used in the expreffion of that Paffion.

4thly, That a muscle may be ftrengthened or weakened by weakening or ftrengthening the force of its Antagonist. These things premised, he took notice,

* Μασσητήρες μύες.

That complaifance, humility, affent, approbation, and civility, were expreffed by nodding the head and bowing the body forward: on the contrary, diffent, diflike, refufal, pride, and arrogance, were marked by toffing the head, and bending the body backwards: which two paffions of afsent and diffent the Latin rightly expreffed by the words adnuere and abnuere. Now he obferved that complaifant and civil people had the Flexors of the head very strong; but in the proud and infolent there was a great overbalance of strength in the Extenfors of the Neck and the Muscles of the Back, from whence they perform with great facility the motion of toffing, but with great difficulty that of bowing, and therefore have justly acquired the Title of stiffnecked: In order to reduce such persons to a just balance, he judged that the pair of Mufcles called Recti interni, the Maftoidal, with other flexors of the head, neck, and body, must be ftrengthened; their Antagonifts, the Spleni Complexi, and the Extenfors of the Spine weakened: For which purpofe Nature herself feems to have directed mankind to correct this Mufcular Immorality by tying fuch fellows Neck and Heels.

Contrary to lay dav pezzivion Cukam of Ma thers who abolish the natural Signature of Modesty in their Daughters, by teaching them toffing and bridling, rather than the bashful posture of stooping and hanging down the head. Martinus charged all husbands to take. notice of the Pofture of the Head of fuch as they courted to Matrimony, as that upon which their future happinefs did much depend.

Flatterers, who have the flexor Muscles fo ftrong that they are always bowing and cringing, he fuppofed might in some measure be corrected by being tied down upon a Tree by the back, like the children of the Indians; which doctrine was ftrongly confirmed by his

obferving the ftrength of the levatores Scapule: This Mufcle is called the Mufcle of Patience, because in that affection of Mind people shrug and raise up their shoulders to the tip of the ear. This Muscle also he obferved to be exceedingly ftrong and large in Henpecked Hufbands, in Italians, and in English Minifters.

In pursuance of this Theory, he fuppofed the conftrictors of the Eye-lids must be ftrengthened in the fupercilious, the abductors in drunkards and contemplative men, who have the fame steady and grave motion of the eye. That the buccinators or blowers up of the cheeks, and the dilators of the Nofe, were too ftrong in Cholerick people; and therefore Nature here again directed us to a remedy, which was to correct fuch extraordinary dilatation by pulling by the Nose.

The rolling amorous Eye, in the Paffion of Love, might be corrected by frequently looking through glaffes. Impertinent fellows that jump upon Tables, and cut capers, might be cured by relaxing medicines applied to the Calves of their Legs, which in fuch people are too ftrong.

But there were two cafes which he reckoned extremely diffiente Din 40 a... fo many Mufcles of the bum, thighs, belly, neck, back, and the whole body, all in a false tone, that it required an impracticable multiplicity of applications.

The fecond cafe was immoderate Laughter: When any of that rifible fpecies were brought to the Doctor, and when he confidered what an infinity of Muscles thefe laughing Rafcals threw into a convulfive motion at the fame time; whether we regard the fpafms of the Diaphragm and all the mufcles of refpiration, the horrible rictus of the mouth, the diftortion of the lower jaw, the crifping of the nofe, twinkling of the eyes, or fpherical convexity of the cheeks, with the tremu

lous fuccuffion of the whole human body: when he confidered, I fay, all this, he used to cry out, Cafus plane deplorabilis! and give fuch Patients over.

CHA P. XI.

The Cafe of a young Nobleman at Court, with the Doctor's Prefcription for the fame.

AN eminent Inftance of Martinus's Sagacity in difcovering the Distempers of the Mind, appeared in the cafe of a young Nobleman at Court, who was obferved to grow extremely affected in his speech, and whimsical in all his behaviour. He began to ask odd questions, talk in verfe to himself, fhut himself up from his friends, and be acceffible to none, but Flatterers, Poets, and Pickpockets; till his Relations and old Acquaintance judged him to be fo far gone, as to be a fit Patient for the Doctor.

As foon as he had heard and examined all the fymptoms, he pronounced his distemper to be Love.

His friends affured him that they had with great care observed all his motions, and were perfectly fatiffied there was no woman in the cafe. Scriblerus was as pofitive that he was defperately in love with fome perfon or other. "How can that be?" (said his Aunt, who came to ask the advice,) "when he converfes al"moft with none but himself?" Say you fo? he replied, why then he is in love with himself, one of the most common cafes in the world. I am aftonished people do not enough attend this disease, which has the fame caufes and fymptoms, and admits of the fame

cure with the other: especially fince here the case of the Patient is the more helpless and deplorable of the two, as this unfortunate paffion is more blind than the other. There are people who discover, from their very youth, a most amorous inclination to themfelves; which is unhappily nurfed by fuch Mothers, as, with their good will, would never fuffer their children to be croffed in love. Eafe, luxury, and idleness, blow up this flame as well as the other: Constant opportunities of converfation with the perfon beloved (the greatest of incentives) are here impoffible to be prevented. Bawds and pimps, in the other love, will be perpetually doing kind offices, speaking a good word for the party, and carry about Billet-doux. Therefore I ask you, Madam, if this Gentleman has not been much frequented by Flatterers, and a fort of people who bring him dedications and verses?" O Lord! Sir (quoth the Aunt), -There it is "the houfe is haunted with them.".

(replied Scriblerus); those are the bawds and pimps that go between a man and himself. Are there no civil Ladies, that tell him he dreffes well, has a gentlemanly air, and the like? Why truly, Sir, my Nephew is

"not awkward.”.

Look

you,

Madam, this is a

Be

misfortune to him; in former days these fort of lovers were happy in one respect, that they never had any rivals, but of late they have all the Ladies fopleafed to answer a few questions more. Whom does he generally talk of? Himself, quoth the Aunt. Whose wit and breeding does he most commend? His -Whom does he write letters own, quoth the Aunt.to? Himself.. Whom does he dream of? All the dreams I ever heard were of himself.

-Whom is he

ogling yonder? Himself in his looking-glafs.

Why

does he throw back his head in that languishing posture? Only to be bleft with a smile of himself as he