On the breaking out of the French Revolution in 1792, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the combined armies of Austria and Prussia, and in that capacity published his celebrated and much censured manifesto against the French nation. Had his plan, formed, as it certainly was with true philanthropy, succeeded, much of the guiltless blood of millions might have been spared, and the desolation, which ensued, happily avoided. The causes, of failure had never been properly explained, though they had been currently ascribed to the misconduct, of the then king of Prussia.

The Prussian army was scarcely out of France when the duke of Brunswick, notwithstanding the wretched condition to which it was reduced, and the despondency and disease that prevailed in the ranks, made the most vigorous exertions to tum the fortune of the war.

He hastened to occupy. Coblentz, and took Frankfort sword in hand, and thus deprived France of the power of uniting the armies of Dumourier and Custine. The siege of Mentz, which happened in 1993, had the double advantage of restoring the Prussian troops to that confidence in themselves which the disastrous re. treat of Chainpagne had diminished, and to make Germany secure by the re-occupation of a formidable bulwark.

After the reduction of this fortress, the duke, by a variety of skilful and judicious movements,

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stopped the progress of the French armies. They attacked hiin three times on the Blise, and were aś often repulsed with considerable loss. His military talents were also eminently displayed after the two French armies under Pichegru and Hoche had forced the lines of Weissemburg, and defeated the Austrian army, who fled in the greatest disorder over the Rhine, having their retreat protected only by corps of Condé. On this occasion the duke of Brunswick proved himself a worthy eleve of the great Frederick. By his prudent and bold manoeuvres he stopped the progress of the French armies, saved the Austrians from: inevitable destruction, and after having held the French in check for a sufficient time, he retired slowly to Mentz, and put the troops into winter quarters. After this event, 1794, the duke resigned his situation in the army to field marshal Mollendorff.

In the war between France and Prussia, during Bonaparte's sway, the duke of Brunswick was again appointed commander-in-chief of his Prussian majesty's forces. In this capacity hạ commanded at the battle of Auerstadt; and exerting himself, according to the acknowledgınent of his enemies, with the most heroic courage to turn the fortune of the day, he was wounded by a cạnnonball in the forehead, which deprived him of his eye. sight, and obliged him to be carried off the field of battle. He was at first taken to Brunswick, but,

on the approach of the French, he removed from that city, and took refuge in Altona, in the Danish territory, having assumed the title of count of Werdtheim. Soon after, October 25, 1806, the House of Brunswick was declared to have lost the sovereignty of its ancestors. The anxiety and distress of the duke's mind at the irretrievable calami. ties that had befallen his country, probably added to the serious injury in the nature of his wound, and hastened the death of this distinguished and lamented veteran, who died, November 10, a few days. previous to the entrance of the French into Hamburgh. He escaped the pain of knowing the calamities which resulted from the battle, having, from the moment of his wound, been totally insensible to every thing about him. His son, the duke of Brunswick-Oels, who capitulated with general Blucher, and so heroically defended the gate of Luthick, arrived at his father's house the day after his death. His horses were sold by public auction, on the 13th, bis jewels and other effects on the 15th. His body was opened and embalmed on the 12th. On opening the skull it was found that the wound would certainly and inevitably have proved mortal fróin the first. His heart was preserved in a silver box. His remains, dressed in the, regimentals of the Brunswick dragoons, booted and spurred, with a large Prussian cocked hat, and on the left breast the star and insignia of the British

order of the garter, lay in state till the evening of the 18th. The coffin was plain, covered with black velvet. An estaffette was sent to Bonaparte, at Berlin, by the states of Brunswick, requesting that the duke's remains might be deposited in the family vault of his ancestors; but with insolent and unmanly brutality the following answer was returned-"Tell the duke of Brunswick that I would rather cede Belgium-would rather renounce the crown of Italy, than allow him or any of his sons ever again to set foot within the territory of Brunswick. Let him take his money and jewels, but let him go to England." It was attempted to be made appear that the application came from his successor; the fact, however, was, that the deceased prince had desired to be buried wherever he might fall.

His unfortunate successor, the duke of Brunswick, was obliged to quit his native country. His majesty, George the Third, gave orders for apartments in Hampton court palace to be prepared for the reception and asylum of his unfortunate brotherin-law, which were destined for his unhappy consort, on her highness's removal to England.

The issue of Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle, by Princess Augusta, sister of George the Third, are, 1. Charlotte Georgiana Augusta, born December 3, 1764, married October 11, 1780, to Frederick William, prince,

afterwards duke of Wirtemburg-Stutgard, by whom she had issue two sons and a daughter. After ber decease the duke of Wirtemburg married - his second wife, Charlotte, Princess royal of Great Britain. 2. Charles George Augustus, duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle, born Feburary 8, 1766; married October 14, 1790, to Princese Frederica Louisa Wilhelmina, daughter of William the Fifth, Stadtholder. 3. Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, (the royal subject of these memoirs.) 4. George William Christian, born June 27, 1769. 5. William Frederick, born October 9, 1771. 6. Leopold.

Frederick Augustus, the next brother of the duke of Brunswick, Charles William Ferdinand, likewise distinguished himself as a military commander. This prince, after the surrender of Wolfenbuttle, to prince Xavier of Saxony, in October 1761, marched with general Luckner, to the relief of Brunswick, then besieged by the French troops. His highness, whilst the general marched to Peina, attacked the enemy in their entrenchments, forced them, made above 200 prisoners, and took possession of the town, in consequence of which success, Wolfenbuttle was evacuated in a few days. He likewise had the command in investing the town of Cassel, in 1762, and was, with his eldest brother, at the battle of Graberstein. He was a general under Frederick the Third, king of Prussia, as was also the duke's second brother, prince William

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