cluding all additions, and exclusive of all deductions. 1st Rate £812 6 3d 4th The effect of this, as it regards all classes, will be stated in a general pay-table, here- | 2dunto annexed; but as the change of sys tem obliges us to propose an average rate of pay for officers of the same rate, who now receive various compensations; and as we have also to propose some increase of pay to some other classes, we think it proper, in this case, to lay before your Royal Highness a view of the several rates o pay, or of pay and compensation united, as they now stand, and the annual rates of 5thnet pay which we propose to establish in lieu thereof, to which we shall subjoin some explanation of several points of alteration, viz. FLAG OFFICERS. ADMIRAL AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE FLEET. Present. Net pay and £. S Total 3,211 2 Proposed. ADMIRAL COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF. CAPTAINS. £ 800 18 6 1st Rate........ 800 683 6 9. • 626 18 3 ing ..148 12 10 6th Various Council of the 22d of February, 1693, that the annual saving to the public, on the reduction of the servants, would be on each officer as follows: · Admiral of the Fleet.. £. s. d. 557 14 0 304 4 0 4th 60 55 55 50 Your Royal Highness will observe in this table, that the most considerable alteration has been made in favour of flag officers; and of this we beg to submit the following explanations: Rear-Admiral ..... 177 9 0 Whether, therefore, these sums, or the sums granted as compensation, be added to the officers' pay, it will be apparent to your Royal Highness, that even on the reduced scale of 1700, the pecuniary advantages of the Flag Officers of His Majesty's fleet were as great as they were for upwards of 100 after, and very inconsiderably, if at years all, less than they are at present. We trust, therefore, on a review of these circumstances, and of the increase which has taken place in other parts of his Majesty's service, that the addition which we propose, of about 1501. per annum to admirals, 1901. to Vice- Admirals, and 2101. to Rear-Admirals, will appear moderate and So long ago as the year 1693, the pay of the flag officers of the fleet was at a higher rate than it stands at present, as will ap-reasonable. pear on a comparison of the rates established by Order in Council of the 2d of February of that year, with the present rates:1693. 1816. £. s. d. £. s. d. diem. By the said Order in Council of the 224 of February, 1693, the extravagant number of servants previously allowed was abolished, and the officers were allowed a number about equal to the present establishment. This wise and salutary plan, which excluded all profits on Servants, and assigned an adequate rate of net pay, was, however, rescinded by Order in Council of the 18th of April, 1700, which established the following rates of pay, and re-established the following extravagant number of Servants. Pay. Servants. £. s. d. With regard to the latter class of officers, it is worthy of observation, that if a Rear-Admiral should be serving in a firstrate, his whole pay and compensation amount to but 881., while his Captain, who lives at his table, and who is comparatively We notice at no expence, receives 8121. this, not as thinking the Captain's pay too much, as we propose only to reduce it to 800l., but as showing the inconsistency of the present arrangement, and the necessity of making some addition to the Flag Offcers' pay, Your Royal Highness will farther observe, that we propose to double the allowance at present granted to Commanders-inChief under the name of table money. We have done so, on a very mature cousideration of the situation of officers of this rank; and your Royal Highness must be aware of the necessity of this increase from the circumstance which has been frequently communicated to your Royal Highness, of the difficulty of inducing officers to accept, this comparticularly in times of pea, mand; and your Royal Highness is aware, that of six Rear-Admirals, now command And at these rates the pay of the Flaging in chief on foreign stations, we have officers remained for upwards of 100 years, till, by Order in Council of the 23d of We have also not been inattentive to the rates of pay allowed to the officers of his Majesty's army of corresponding ranks. A militars Commander of the Forces, whose situation is equivalent to that of a Naval Commander in Chief, receives, in addition to his unattached pay, 91. 9s. 6d. per diem; whereas we propose for the Naval Commander in Chief, an addition of only 31. per diem; but as the sea pay of the Flag-officer is greater than the unattached pay of the General, it is necessary, in order to give your Royal Highness a fair comparative view of the subject, to submit the following table: ness will agree with us, that the proposed rates of pay are just and equitable, as well with regard to the officers themselves, as to the public service at large; and that, however they may nominally differ from the rates allowed to the general ofheers of his Majesty's army, they will be found to establish as much real equality as the difference of the two services will admit of. We have presumed to enter into this Commander in Chief. | Commander of the Forces. Sea Pay Vice-Admiral. As Commander in Chief... 1,095 2,930 Sea pay 4, 151 10 0 Lieut-General. Unattached We think it farther necessary to propose, that Commanders in Chief shall be entitled to this allowance of 31 per diem, only while their flags are flying within the lis pay 593 00 mits of their respective stations, and that, As Com. of on their decease, or during their absence, Forces 3,458 00 the said sum shall be paid, as is at present provided, to the officer who shall succeed to the command, if he be a flag officer; but if he be a Captain, that he shall be entitled to the sum of 11. per diem during the fine his broad pendant may be hoisted as commanding on the station. 4,051 00 Major-General. Unattached .... 00 pay £3,904 00 Your Royal Highness will perceive that the military officer's pay is, in every case, nearly one-third more than we propose for the val officer; but there are circumstances peculiar to the naval service, which, in our opinion, counterbalance this supe riority In times of peace, the number of officers having commissions as Commanders of the Forces, is, we are informed, very limited; whereas the Commanders in Chief in the navy are almost as numerous in peace as in war the uumber, therefore, of flag officers who will receive this advantage, and the narrower sphere of their duties, must be set off against the inferiority of the sun received. In times of war, the number of Com manders in Chief, if not greater, is not less than that of Commanders of Forces; but we consider that the superior advan tages to be derived by the flag officer, from his share of prize money, will generally afford an ample compensation for the pro posed inferiority o. pay. Upon the whole, then, of this part of the subject, we trust that your Royal High And we farther propose that all flag officers, whether Commanders in Chief or otherwise, shall be allowed to draw for the whole of their sea pay and Comman der in Chief's pay, without distinction. We farther beg leave to observe to your Royal Highness, that the advance of three months' pay now made to Hag officers on their appointments, is so inadequate to the necessary expenses of their outfit, that it has been the custom to graut to flag officers appointed Commanders in Chief on cer tain foreign stations, an imprest of one thousand pounds by way of outfit:-but we think it better that, in lieu of this occasional indulgence, every flag officer appointed to the chief command of a foreign station, should be entitled to receive an advance of six months' pay, which would obviate the necessity of the occasional imprests we have hitherto been obliged to grant. The pay of the other classes has been computed, not with a view to any consi derable increase, but at a sum calculated upon the averages of the present rates. It will at first sight appear, that the pay proposed for Captains and Commanders is considerably more than the average of the several rates now established: but upon this we have to observe, that the difference is not so great as it appears to be : regard to young men who have not passed their examination for lieutenants; but we hope that vour Royal Highness will be of opinion, that those who have passed that examination, and whose responsibility and usefulness, as well as their necessary ex to a higher remuneration than young persons who may have lately entered his Majesty's service. We therefore have proposed an increase of pay to all mates and midshipmen who may have passed their examination. Firstly, because the lower rates of pay are attached to ships of the smallest size in each rate, which are gradually disappear-pences, increase with their age, are entitled ing from the navy, so that the majority of officers now employed receive the higher rates of pay; and secondly, because Cap. tains of flag ships are at present entitled to a considerable addition of pay, which comes highest in the lowest rates, and in peace affects a greater proportional number than in war. The value of this addition we have calculated in the amount of net pay before proposed, and these circumstances render the real increase of expense on this head less than it appears. We have to observe that the examination of young gentlemen for the rank of lieutenant has been lately made more strict, as, besides the usual examination in seamanship before naval officers, they are now obliged to undergo another at the naval college, as to their proficiency in the scien tific branches of their profession. We cannot but hope that the distinction, which we propose to establish in favour of those who shall have passed the prescribed examination (though it is new in his Majesty's We have proposed that the pay of first lieutenants of line of battle ships shall be increased from 1191. 3d. per annum, which they now receive in common with all other lieutenants, to 1501. per annum, provided they shall be of seven years standing; and we recommend that lieutenants command-service,) cannot be considered as objectioning small vessels should be raised to the able, either in principle or amount. same sum; and we trust that your Royal Connected with this part of the subject is Highness, considering the important du- the situation of school-master on board his ties and high responsibility of the senior Majesty's ships, which is at present so ill lieutenants of line of battle ships, will be remunerated (namely, at the same rate as of opinion that this increase is just and the youngest midshipmen) that it is found expedient: and the increase of 181. per impossible to obtain persons of adequate annum to lieutenants, who may be sub-acquirements to undertake this duty; we jected to the expense and responsibility of a separate command, will not, we trust, be considered too great. however feel so strongly the importance of the subject of the education of young persons in his Majesty's navy, as well of the It is proper to add, that the principle upper ranks as the lower, that we have felt of making a distinction in favour of first ourselves bound to propose to your Royal lieutenants of line of battle ships, is not | Highness an addition to the pay of the new to the service; as at the first establish-school-masters in the fleet; and if the ment of half pay, in 1693, this advantage chaplain, should perform the duty of was extended only to first lieutenauts of schoolmaster, which is highly desirable, 1st, 2d, 3d rates. who had served as such we propose that he should receive the pay for a certain period of both offices; this regulation, we think, will have the double tendency of improving both the condition and respectab lity of the chaplain and the schoolmaster; and our desire to encourage persons to undertake this duty induces us to recommend that the allowance to the schoolmaster, called Queen Ann's bounty, of 201. per annum, and the remuneratio: to the chaplain for the tuition of young gentlemen, granted by the Orders in Council of the 4th March, 1812, and 4th March, 1819, may be continued. Though we have, for the reason before state, recommended the discontinuance of the flag pay to captains, (having provided an equivalent therefore, we do not propose to withdraw the allowance of 6d. per diem allowed to lieutenants of flag ships, by his Majesty's order in Council of the 21st Sep tember, 1796, having made no addition to the pay of this class of officers, except in the single instance before mentioned We have farther taken into consideration the pay at present granted to young gentle men, mates or midshipmen in his Majesty's service, the average of which for it varies in different rates) may be taken of the former at 401. and of the latter 301. per annum. We do not feel it necessary to propose an increase of these rates, with The arrangements respecting warrant and petty officers we shall state distinctly in subsequent sections of this memorial. The rest of this section relates to the drawing of bills for pay, &c. The Naval History of the United States, from the beginning of the War of the Revolution, to the present time. By T. Clark. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 500. Philadelphia, printed. "These are the principal advantages contemplated from the change made in their dimensions. Should they be realized, they will more than compensate for having materially swelled the body of expenditures." This official document, drawn up in terms sufficiently ambiguous at the time, but rendered abundantly intelligible by events, speaks conviction to every mind: those who cannot see in the plan of the Secretary at War an intention to put a cheat on the world, must be what Shakespeare calls "high gravel blind,” if not absolutely stone blind.* The estimate referred to, as "the first" WE set this work before our readers, simply as an act of duty; and the rather, that if any should suppose that we have expressed ourselves too strongly on improvements connected with the British Navy, such readers may be convinced that undeniable reasons might be urged in our behalf, much beyond any which may suggest themselves to ordinary information. We have commended the inten-produced an Act of Congress, of March tion of reducing the rating of ships to 27, 1794, some years prior to this Report ; their force, correctly; and we have cen- it authorized the building of four ships sured that expression of their rating of 44 guns, and two of S6 guns. What which by placing them in a class to was meant by vessels of this force, may which they do not belong, or by con- be gathered from the following compacealing under erroneous description their rison between the Endymion, the largest real strength, contributes to mislead the and mest formidable forty-four gun fripublic, and to deceive the world at large. gate belonging to our Navy, and her late It was, particularly, in reference to the adversary the President, an American mystifications practised by the Ameri- frigate of the same rate :-can Government, that we insisted on the duty of preserving unimpeachable veracity. That the Americans were insensible to this duty, and long ago meditated the deception they practiced, and continue to practice, is demonstrated, beyond denial, from the following Extract from a Report of the Secretary at War, April 1, 1798. "It appears that the first estimate rendered to Congress, was for Frigates of the common size and dimensions, rated at 36 and 44 guns; and that the first appropriations, for the armament were founded upon this estimate. It also appears that, when their size and dimensions came to be more maturely considered, due reference being had to the ships they might have to contend with, it was deemed proper, so to alter their di mensions, without changing their rates, as to extend their sphere of utility as much as possible. "It was expected, from this alteration, that they would possess, in an eminent degree, the advantage of sailing; that, separately, they would be superior to any single European Frigate of the usual dimensions; that if assailed by numbers, they would be always able to lead a head; that they could never be obliged to go into action but on their own terms, except in a calm; and that, in heavy weather, they would be capable of engaging double deck ships. Broadside, Metal, Complement Size in Tons Endymion (44) | President (44) Men --676 408 408 --916 472 -- $19 5 -477 1533 1277 In our third volume, N.S. p. 413, the reader has seen a comparison of the same nature, between the British Frigate Macedonian, and the American Frigate, United States; to that we adduced, are at once clear and irrefragmust now refer. The arguments there able; nor is the reference to the number of British seamen, then on board the American Navy, nor that to the difference in the mode of manning the two Navies, with other particulars contingent, or conteinplated, undeserving of the reader's attention. In continuing our report on Mr. Clark's work; that we may not be We may be indulged with the liberty of observing on this subject, that, had any work similar to the LITERARY PANORAMA existed at appeared, with proper remarks, it is by no that time, in which such a Public paper had means improbable that this deception might have failed of its intention, and the unfortunate consequences which ensued might have been prevented. |