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CONTENTS OF VOL. III.
CHAPTER XIII.
ASIA MINOR AND GREECE: THEIR SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND STATISTICAL STATE-
TURKEY.
S
Page
9. Turkish system of government, .
1. Wars of Revolution in the West, and of Race in the East,
2. Effect of these different passions in effecting the dispersion of mankind,
3. They have produced the greatest wars recorded in history,
4. Lasting conquests of the East over the West,
5. Wars of races in the east of Europe,
6. Strife of races peculiarly vehement in the Turkish empire,
7. Variety of races in the Turkish dominions,
8. Division of the Christians and Mussulmans,
10. Division of races in Turkey renders government more easy,
11. The military strength of the empire entirely derived from the Turks,
12. The whole civil business of the country is conducted by the Greeks,
1
2
3
ib.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
13. Great and rapid increase of the Christians compared to the Turks,
14-15. Picture of the Servians by Lamartine,
25. Contrary principles of good in Turkey. Weakness of power,
26. And want of the means of communication,
28. The theory of the central government is comparatively mild,
29. Institution of Ayams,
30. The village system,
31. Small revenue derived from Turkey,
32. Great population of the towns, and decline of the country,
33. Multitude of idle servants in the country,
34. Variable strength of the Turkish empire,
35. Great vicissitudes in the history of Turkey,
25
29
32
36. Independent position of the larger pachas, and consequent weakness of the
central power,
34
37. Vast influence of Constantinople on the fortunes of mankind,.
35
38. Its incomparable situation,
36
a
VOL. III.
42. Population of Constantinople, and equality of the sexes,
43. Maritime forces of Turkey and Greece,
46. The advantages of the Turks in this respect are now lost,
47. In what the strength of the Turks now consists,
37
38
39
40
41
43
44
45
52. Russian mode of fighting the Turks,
53. Triple barrier which defends Constantinople,
54. The Danube as a frontier stream,
55. The Balkan,
56. Country between the Balkan and Constantinople,
46
47
51. Causes of the obstinate defence of fortified cities by the Turks,
48
49
50
51
52
53
57. The command of the sea, or the support of Austria, is essential to the suc-
61. Description of the passes through the Caucasus,
62. Description of Asia Minor,
63. Military resources of Asia Minor,
64. Mountainous nature of the country, and want of roads,
65. The Caucasian tribes,
66. Russian policy of intervention,
67. Examples of the application of this principle,
68. Intervention of Peter the Great in the affairs of neighbouring states,
69. Establishment of the Russians in the Caucasus and on the Caspian,
70. Acceptance of the crown of Georgia by the Emperor Alexander,
71. Wars with the Caucasians, and fresh rupture with Turkey and Persia,
72. Battle of Elizabethpol,
73. Glorious peace with Persia,
74. Affairs of Wallachia and Moldavia,
75. Russian system of intervention regarding them,
76. Repeated insurrections of the Greeks,
77. Mutual exasperation of the Greeks and Turks,
78. Insurrection of Ali Pacha,
79. Statistics of Greece,
80. Defensible nature of the country,
81. Clarke's description of Greece,
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
it.
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
76
77
78
CHAPTER XIV.
GREEK REVOLUTION-BATTLE OF NAVARINO-ESTABLISHMENT OF GREEK
INDEPENDENCE.
1. Elements remaining of Grecian resurrection,
2. Recent favourable circumstances in the condition of Greece,
80
81
§
3. Recent spread of information, and passion for independence,
4. Formation of the society of the Hetairists,
5. Different gradations in the Hetairists,
6. Extraordinary secresy preserved regarding the affairs of the society,
7. Their eyes are all fixed on Russia,
8. Cession of Parga in 1819,
9. Consternation of the Pargiotes at their abandonment,
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
11. Debates on this subject in Parliament,
12. Effect of the Spanish revolution on Turkey and Greece,
13. State of Turkey at this period,
18. Reasons which urged the Emperor Alexander to intervene in Turkey at this
time,
19. Reasons which induced him to remain neutral,
20. Ethusiasm of the Turks, and measures taken against Ipsilanti,
96
97
21. Commencement of the insurrection in Greece Proper and the Islands,
22. The insurrection spreads over all Greece,
98
99
23. Violent excitement at Constantinople, and murder of the Patriarch,
38. Raising of the siege of Athens, and defeat of the Turks in Thermopyla,
114
42. Importance of the conquest, and subsequent measures of the Greeks,
119
43. Fresh massacre of the Christians in Smyrna,
120
44. Operations of Chourchid Pacha before Janina. Fall and recapture of Arta, 121
45. Failure of the Greeks before Napoli di Romania and Patras,
52. Efforts of Lord Strangford, the English minister, to avert a rupture,
53. Alarming state of Constantinople and efforts of the ambassadors,
129
130
54. Formation of a constitution, and proclamation of independence of Greece, 130
59. Success of the fleet, and defeat of Chourchid Pacha by the Souliotes,
136
71. Dangerous position of the Turks, and able measures of the Greeks,
147
82. Negotiations with Russia during the year,
83. The Congress of Verona declines to recognise the Greek state,
157
158
84. Revolution at Constantinople in favour of the janizaries,
85. Dreadful fire at Constantinople in spring 1823,
86. Preparations of the Turks for the next campaign,
87. Destruction of part of Drama-Ali's corps by Niketas.
159
160
161
94. Revolt of the Albanians, and advance of the Pacha of Scodra,
167
95. Nocturnal surprise of the Turks, and death of Mark Bozzaris,
96. Commencement of the siege of Anatolico,
168
169
100. Increasing interest in Greece abroad. Arrival of Lord Byron at Missolonghi, 173
101. Continued divisions of the Greeks,
117. Curious statistics of Athens and Attica,
118. Favourable prospects of Greece in the opening of 1825,
119. Preparations of the Turks,
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
122. Capture of Sphacteria by Ibrahim,
123. Capture of Navarino,
124. Naval successes of the Greeks,
125. Victory of Sakhtouri over the Capitan Pacha,
126. Successes of Ibrahim, and gallant resistance near Arcadia,
193
194
195
196
197
127. Further successes of Ibrahim, and capture of Tripolitza,
129. Commencement of the second siege of Missolonghi, and description of the
134. Critical position of the Turks, and preparations of the Sultan,
141. Vast effects of the siege of Missolonghi, and general despondence in Greece, 210
142. Deplorable condition of Greece in the end of 1825 and opening of 1826,
143. Commencement of the negotiations for the independence of Greece,
144. Conclusion of the first protocol in favour of the Greeks,
150. Unsuccessful attempts to raise the siege of Athens, and its fall,
215
216.
218
219
220-221
222
223