Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open InnovationDietmar Harhoff, Karim R. Lakhani MIT Press, 2016/03/04 - 600 ページ A comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the emerging paradigm of user and open innovation, offering both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process that emphasizes users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation approaches to solve important technological and organizational problems. This view of innovation, pioneered by the economist Eric von Hippel, counters the dominant paradigm, which cast the profit-seeking incentives of firms as the main driver of technical change. In a series of influential writings, von Hippel and colleagues found empirical evidence that flatly contradicted the producer-centered model of innovation. Since then, the study of user-driven innovation has continued and expanded, with further empirical exploration of a distributed model of innovation that includes communities and platforms in a variety of contexts and with the development of theory to explain the economic underpinnings of this still emerging paradigm. This volume provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the field of user and open innovation, reflecting advances in the field over the last several decades. The contributors—including many colleagues of Eric von Hippel—offer both theoretical and empirical perspectives from such diverse fields as economics, the history of science and technology, law, management, and policy. The empirical contexts for their studies range from household goods to financial services. After discussing the fundamentals of user innovation, the contributors cover communities and innovation; legal aspects of user and community innovation; new roles for user innovators; user interactions with firms; and user innovation in practice, describing experiments, toolkits, and crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding. Contributors |
目次
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25 | |
27 | |
3 Cost Advantages in InnovationA Comparison of Users and Manufacturers | 45 |
4 The Empirical Scope of User Innovation | 67 |
5 User Innovation and Official Statistics | 89 |
II The Community Perspective | 107 |
6 Managing Communities and Contests to Innovate with Crowds | 109 |
14 When Do UserInnovators Start Firms? A Theory of User Entrepreneurship | 285 |
Evidence across Healthcare and Financial Services | 309 |
16 Technique Innovation | 331 |
17 The Power of Community BrandsHow UserGenerated Brands Emerge | 353 |
V User Interactions with Firms | 377 |
18 Selling to Competitors? Competitive Implications of UserManufacturer Integration | 379 |
How Embedded Lead Users Contribute to Corporate Innovation | 397 |
20 Exploring Why and to What Extent Lead Users Share Knowledge with Producer Firms | 421 |
Some Historical Perspectives | 135 |
The Effects of the Number of Participants and Social Factors | 157 |
9 On the Democratization of Innovation through Communal Organizations | 175 |
Recognizing Decentralized Innovation | 195 |
III Legal Aspects of User and CommunityInnovation | 215 |
11 Freedom to Tinker | 217 |
12 Intellectual Property at the Boundary | 235 |
13 Will Innovation Thrive without Patents? A Natural Experiment in Biotechnology | 259 |
IV UserInnovators in New Roles | 283 |
21 Crowdsourcing at MUJI | 439 |
Experiments Toolkits and Crowdfunding for Innovation | 457 |
22 The Innovators Tools | 459 |
23 Design Toolkits Organizational Capabilities and Firm Performance | 483 |
24 The Value of Toolkits for User Innovation and Design | 511 |
Evidence on the Democratization of Startup Funding | 537 |
561 | |