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FRANCE.

Orders and Titles of Nobility-Paris, March 18. The Prince Arch-Chancellor has made a report to the council, of several decrees lately adopted by the Emperor and King-Among others, there is one decree, by, which the hereditary titles of Prince, Duke, Count, Baron, and Knight, are established. The principal officers of state are to be raised to the dignity of Princes, and their eldest sons are to be created Dukes; the ministers, senators, councillors of state, &e. are to be Counts and Barons and the icinbers of the Legion of Honour are to be Knights. These titles of nobility, are, however, to convey no privileges, nor any exemptions from the operation of the laws. The following is the oath to be taken by the new nobility: "I swear to be faithful to the Emperor and his dynasty; to be obedient to the constitution, laws, and institutions of the empire; to educate my children in the same feelings of fidelity and obedience, and to march in defence of my country as soon as its territory shall be threatened, or as His Majesty shall go to the army." Further, a council has been established for the sealing of titles, consisting of three senators, two Councillors of State, one Attorney-General, and one Secretary-General. The expences of this council are to be discharged out of that which persons are to pay for their patents of nobility.)

Decrease of Olive Trees and Oil.-We fearn from the letters of M. C. A. Fisher, written during a journey to Montpellier in 1804, and lately published, that since the hard winters of 1789, and the following years, so many olive trees have been frozen, and that during the revolution in France so few successors have been planted, that Aix, which was the principal seat of the commerce in oil, has entirely lost this, its first and most lucrative branch of trade.-As these trees are many years in coming to perfection, this loss is not likely to be compensated speedily. This Provence oil was exported to Italy; and from Italy, it is suspected, was sent to England, under the denomination of "Genuine Florence Oil."

HOLLAND.

Dutch Budget.-A Decree conformable with the following message from His Majesty, was adopted by the Legislative Body; March 29-The King to the Legislative Body. Gentlemen ;-We have charged a cominittee of our council of state to present to you a projet of a law relative to the finances of this year. At the commencement of your present session, we expressed on our part a strong desire to adopt a definitive and permanent system with respect to the finances, but since the 28th Noveinber, affairs have not been" ameliorated, and we have been under

the indispensable necessity of provisorily shutting our ports. This extreme and painful measure ought to insure to us compensation, to which we have so much title, and affords an irrefragable proof of the sincerity and constancy of our efforts, in the common cause. Thus we must postpone all idea of a definitive and permanent system until a maritime peace, when alone it will be possible to reduce our expenditure to the amount of our revenue." It then goes on to state, that the expenditure for 1807 had been 78,000,000 florins, and the revenues only 55,000,000, leaving a deficit of 23,000,000, exclusive of previous arrears. To meet these a loan of 40,000,000 had been negociated, which produced 33,000,000; the г5,000,000, after providing for the deficit, was applied to the payment of arrears. The estimate of expenditure for 1808 is 74,000,000, while the revenue is not estimated to produce more than 50,000,000. It is said in this part of the message, We cannot dispense with maintaining in a good state the squadrons of the Texel and the Meuse. We announce with pleasure to the Legislative Body, that as the price of our efforts France has expressly engaged to procure the restoration of our colonies, and particularly those of Guiana." To meet the deficit of the present year, a sort of forced assessment is proposed, which was adopted by the Legislative Body, by which those paying it are to become creditors of the state to the amount required. This is resorted to instead of a loan.

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INDIES, EAST,

Increase of Trade at Calcutta: Theatre demolished The extension of the retail commerce of Calcutta is so great, that in order to make room for those who follow it, as their means of livelihood, the theatre of that place has been demolished (April 1807), and the place where it stood is occupied by a Bazar, or groupe of shops, intended principally for the sale of European goods. Native dealers, it is understood, will be principally accom modated by this change. Not thirty years ago, this site was a field, covered with jungle and noxious weeds. From this state of deselation it was improved, by the erection of a theatre; and now the theatre has disappeared to make room for commerce.

Sons of Tippoo Sultan.-The government has made some alterations respecting the Mysore princes. One, who was concerned in the Vellore business, is to be continued å close prisoner in Calcutta gaol; the other elder ones are to be at liberty to live as they please at Calcutta, and the younger branches are to remain under the superintendance of a British officer.

Benevolence. The possession of wealth, though universally desired, is only valuable in proportion as it enables the possessor to do

good. To accumulate and to possess riches
merely for the sake of possession, is one of
those depraved passions which mislead the
judgment, so far as to mistake the means for
the purpose
The wise know, and their
practice evinces, that the true use of affluence
is to give exalted value to life and conferring
comfort and happiness on others. Conform
ably to this just and dignified sentiment, an
instance of highly discriminative benevolence
was presented lately by Joseph Baretto, Esq.
who released from the Jail of the Court of
Requests at Calcutta, one hundred and seven-
ty-two prisoners, at an expence of upwards of
seven thousand Sicca rupees.

about two miles from his camp: being unarmed, he immediately turned his horse homeward, and upon looking back, discovered the monster making towards him with all his speed. Mr. Lloyd continued to retreat, as quickly as his horse could gallop, the tyger persevering in the pursuit, and was rather gaining ground, when alarmed at the report of a musket fired in the camp, he gave up the chace and took into an adjoining thicket. Mr. Lloyd went next morning in quest of his foe, and found him not far distant from his hiding place of the former night. The tyger immediately made towards the elephant; allowing him to advance till within thirty Marriage. On Sunday, April 12th, Jo- yards, when Mr. Lloyd, levelled his piece seph Baretto, junior, Esq. of Calcutta, con- and brought him down with the first shot. ducted to the hymeneal altar, Miss Baretto, This tyger measured 9 feet 11 inches in length. third daughter of the late Louis Baretto, Esq. -Madras, October 7, 1807, the first of this and the cousin of the bridegroom. The month, in the forenoon, a royal tyger made ceremony was performed in the Portuguese his appearance in the cantonment at the church, in presence of a numerous assemblage, mount, when he was pursued by several ar among whom were many of the principal tillery men and ascended the mount, where he British families of the settlement. The bride was wounded by a fuzil ball which irritated him was handed to church and introduced by Mr. much, and in his passage across the mount, Advocate General Smith and John Macken-he struck down two natives, one of whom is zie, Esq. At the conclusion of the ceremony, which occupied above two hours, a royal salute was fired from the Portuguese ship Boa Uniao. A grand ball and supper were given in the evening at the house of Mr. Baretto. Comet.-Madras, October 7.-For several evenings past an unusual luminous appearance, supposed to be a comet, has been seen in the west. It disappears about 8 P. M. Its progress is rapid, and it seems to be fast approaching the sun. It will be remembered that a comet appeared in Europe a few months ago.

Increase of Tygers.-Moradabad, April 15, 1807.-The Northern division of this district is at present so much infested by tygers, that we daily hear of men, women, children, and cattle, falling a prey to that ferocious inhabitant of the jungle.-Mr. Lloyd, the collector of this district, has lately made an excursion in that direction, on his annual circuit. This gentleman, distinguished for his humanity and domestic good qualities, is also famed in the field for his address and dexterity as a sportsman. At the intreaties of the suffering villagers he has encountered and killed, single-handed, twenty-eight full grown tygers, within the short space of one month. Ten of that number he killed in three days, one of which measured 10 feet 4 inches in length, and otherwise in proportion.-It has been asserted, and generally supposed that a tyger never gives chase to a man, unless he be attacked. A very daring instance to the contrary of this assertion lately occurred to Mr. Lloyd, who, while taking an evening drive in his buggy, discovered a tyger of immense size, prowling on the skirts of the jungle,

now lingering with a lock jaw, the other not materially hurt. The tyger then crossed to the outer mount, when he was attacked by an inconsiderate European, armed only with a stick this man was torn by the paw in his face, and bit severely in the thigh. He is however doing well. Several fuzil balls being fired into the animal, he was killed and triumphantly brought into the cantonment on a cart; he measured from the head to the end of the tail, near 10 feet, and in height near 5 feet. The tyger was seen by villagers the night before, a few miles to the southward of the mount. This is the first instance of a royal tyger being seen in that cantonment.— We hear that another tyger has since been seen, supposed to be the female associate of the above.

Shark.-Madras, May 20. Some days ago, a workman employed at the Dock Yard at Howrah, on going below the surface of the water, in order to fix a rope, at some little distance from the shore, was suddenly assailed by, a small shark. Though not exceeding four or five feet in length, the monster, with some difficulty, grasped the man's shoulder between his jaws. The poor fellow utterly unable to disengage himself from his voracious assailant, succeeded in getting his head to the surface of the water, the shark still firmly attached to his shoulder. At length, from the noise and approach of the people from the shore, beating with bamboos and staves, the animal was forced with difficulty and evident reluctance to quit his prey. The unfortunate sufferer was dragged on shore, half drowned, and almost insensible from fear. His shoulder was much lacerated. He was imme

diately sent to the native hospital, where he is doing well.

and assistance to the distressed Portuguese while the ci-devant republicans treat them with unheard-of cruelty and sovereign_con tempt. That the Russians and Portuguese should hate the French, will not surprise you, as you were always convinced that the French were never liked by any other nation, notwithstanding their professions of "coming to make them happy."

PRUSSIA.

Dearness of Bread.-Owing to the present high prices of corn, fourteen English ounces of rye bread now cost in Konigsberg three Prussian grosch: the king has ordered two pounds of bread gratis, per diem, to all officers on half-pay, on giving their receipt.

SPAIN.

Anniversary of the Battle of Delhi-Barrackpore, September 12, 1807-Yesterday being the anniversary of the battle of Delhi, the officers of the 2d regiment, and 1st battalion, 14th, who had the honour of sharing in the glory of that ever memorable day, celebrated the occasion by a splendid entertainment in the new theatre, at Barrackporeat which were present, the right honourable Lord Minto, governor general; general St. Leger and staff; the whole of the officers and ladies at the station, and a numerous party of visitors from the presidency. About 8 o'clock, the party sat down to an excellent dinner; the following loyal and appropriate loasts were drank.-The King: God Gold and Silver-Cadiz, March 16. Acsave the King-The Queen and Royal Fami- counts from Spanish America, state, that imly: Merrily danc'd the Quaker's Wife.-Lord mense quantities of gold and silver were accuLake and the Battle of Delhi: See the Con-mulated there, waiting conveyance to Europe. quering Hero comes.-Lord Minto and the The greatest want prevailed there of cloth, Supreme Government of India: The Garb of hardware, and other articles. old Gaul.-General St. Leger and the Army of Bengal: British Grenadiers.-The Honourable East India Company: Money in both Pockets.-The Ladies who have honoured us with their company at dinner: The Lass of Patie's Mill-Colonel Morris and the Officers at Barrackpore: Grenadiers' March. Lord Wellesley: St. Patrick's day in the morning.-General Wellesley, and the Battle of Assye: Britons, strike home-The Navy: Rule Britannia.-The Duke of York, and the Army: Duke of York's March.-To the memory of our Brother Officers, who fell in the late glorious war; this toast was encored.-A speedy and honourable Peace, or a long and glorious War.

ITALY.

Military Conscription.-Florence, March 7. By a decree of M. Dauchy, counsellor of state and administrator of Tuscany, the laws of France respecting military service, have been put in force throughout Tuscany since the 1st of this month.

State of the Population at Naples. Since the French have been in possession of this city, its inhabitants have been enumerated, and found to exceed 500,000. The daily consumption of grain is 5,000 measures: of oil 1,200 quintals. As the supply of the city by water is closed by the English, the roads leading to the interior have been repaired.

PORTUGAL.

State of Portugal.-In a preceding page we have inserted an extract of a letter from one of our correspondents dated off the Tagus; we have since received another, dated April 5. "I do not expect to see the Russian fleet come out of the Tagus, unless to surrender; from what I can learn, the admiral is not on the best terms with the French; nor indeed is there the least cordiality between them and the Russians; the latter pay every attention

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SWEDEN.

State of public Spirit.-His Swedish Majesty's proclamation, touching the levy-enmasse, dated Stockholm, the 14th March, 1808. We, Gustavus Adolphus, make known, that, as the eastern frontiers of the empire are already attacked by the enemy, and those on the west and north are likewise threatened by the enemy, we feel ourselves called upon to make the utmost exertions for the defence of our invaded country. For this purpose, and in order that we may be able to raise a sufficient force for attacking the enemy, it is our will that all young men, of 18 to 25 years, both inclusive, of whatever rank or condition they may be, who have not enlisted in the regular army of militia, or navy, shall hold themselves in readiness to take up arms for the defence of our native land, and assemble at such places as shall be pointed out to them, at a moment's notice."-To shew the zeal of the Swedes in the honourable conflict in which they are engaged, we need but mention two facts: The sailors having been ordered to attend at the offices in the respective districts, where they are registered, the wish of the king was conimunicated to them by old naval officers, when, without asking what their pay would be, they volunteered all to a man. The navy was thus completed within a fortnight.-The levy of all young men from 18 to 25 years, coustituted no less than 280,000 men, since many who were above 25 under-rated their age, and others insisted on their right to serve their country. This number being far more than is wanted, or the country could well support, the king has been obliged to publish a proelamation, stating how many, and no mere, each distriot shall furnish; and also those who are on no account to be enrolled, such as students at the universities, burghers, and me

chapics.-These volunteers are now training in all parts of the country, and such is the public spirit, that many attend the drill who are not suffered to enlisi.

Russian Perfidy-A series of state papers, developing a scandalous project of perfidy and seduction on the part of the Russian ministry, were found among the dispatches on a Russian courier, who was arrested on the 7th ult. on the Swedish territories, coming from St. Petersburgh; they were intended for M. Alopeus, the Russian minister at Stockholm. The king of Sweden has submitted them to his people, in the form of a pamphlet, published at Stockholm, with notes and comments.ex planatory of each dispatch. His majesty observes: "Can a sovereign so far forget himself! To descend to the obscure paths of treason and corruption; to sacrifice the respect due by every lawful sovereign to the ties that unite subjects to their government-such are the examples afforded in an empire composed of ten different nations that hate cach other!".

TURKEY IN ASIA.

Revolution at Bagdat.-Extract of a letter from Mr. Manesty, British agent at Bagdat :It is really wonderful how safely I have conducted all the commercial concerns under ny management, and you will rejoice to learn that the result, in consequence of the revolu tion, which, at Bagdat, on the 18th ult. deprived the Bacha of life, will be according to all reasonable calculation, administrative of tranquillity and consequent encouragement of trade in this country. The Bacha was murdered by a Georgian favourite, who had connected himself with a person of Neseef Aga, the head of a party long inimical to the Bacha's government; and on the day succeeding his death, his assassin and Neseef Aga were slain by the Bacha's nephew, who immediately assumed the government, and must be confirmed in his uncle's high and distinguished office from Constantinople." Thus the Ba cha and Neseef Aga, the heads of the longcontending parties at Bagdat, have both fallen, Strife, animosity, and struggle for power, have ceased with their existence, and the Bacha's nephew, now Solomon Bacha, is a young man of superior merit and liberality. I am on the best terms with him and his governor here, Selim Aga, and, since the Bacha's death, have rendered him essential local services."

NEW SOUTH WALES COLONY.

By dispatches from governor Bligh, dated New South Wales, 10th of November: It appears that the colony does not enjoy a state of perfect repose and harmony. An opposition had formed itself against the governor; and some of the letters which have been received speak of charges which are to be preferred against him.

OBSERVANDA INTERNA,

Cold Bath Fields Prison.-Extract from the Report of the Visiting Magistrates of the county of Middlesex, to whom it was referred to examine the allegations contained in the letter from Mr. Sheriff Phillips,› to William Mainwaring. Esq. dated 18th November, 1807. [Compare Panorama, Vel. Pop. 1305 et seq.].-The committee appointed to inquire into, &c. &c. report, that the average number of confined, in the House of Cornertion, since their last report, amounts to 273; and the average number of children 18. That at their several meetings since their last report, . they have directed the necessary articles to be provided for the prisoners, viz. 100 pair of blankets, at 17s. per pair; 150 rugs for the beds, at 6s. 6d. each; 86 pair of men's trowsers; 12 pieces of dowlas for women's shifts; 3 dozen of men's jackets; 3 dozen of men's yellow stockings; 3 dozen of women's jackets; 3 pieces of blue baize for women's petticoats; 3 pieces of white flannel for ditto; 3 dozen women's blue stockings; 6 pieces of duck for new bedding; a new bedstead in the nursery; some iron spoons for the children; a table for the women's infirmary; a table for the kitchen; a saucepan for the use of the female vagrants; 100 black and white varnished iron chamber pots. And your said committee further report, that they have caused a small plan of the House of Correction to be engraved, and 100 copies thereof printed, for the use of the committee and such other magistrates as may visit this prison. And your said committee further report, that they have directed that strong

beer shall not be allowed in future to any of the prisoners, but such as are sick, aged, or infirm, and those attached to the Infirmary, and the female prisoners who shall be employed in washing, and then at no greater rate than one pint per day each; and that no prisoner have this allowance, unless the surgeon and apothecary to the prisons shall give. a written order for that purpose. Your committee think it necessary here to state, that it appeared to them upon a minute examination, that two of the three loaves which were. found in and taken from the kitchen of the House of Correction to the Guildhall, London, were very stale, having been there some days, and belonged to the cook of the prison, and that the third was also what is called a stale loaf; and that none of the loaves taken away were intended for or had been delivered to any of the prisoners.-But your committee, for the further information of the court, have extracted from the book of the prison, the account of each day's delivery of bread for the prisoners in the House of Correction since the first day of January last, and have sub

joined the same to this report; whereby it will appear that the overweight of bread delivered in the month of January 1807, was 66lbs; in the month of February 1807, 27lbs; in the month of March 1807, 42lbs; in the month of April 1807, 27lbs; in the month of May 1807, 131bs; in the month of June 1807, 23lbs; in the month of July 1807, 32lbs in the month of August 1807, 80lbs; in the month of September 1807, 71lbs; in the month of October 1807, 85lbs; and in the month of November 1807, 86lbs: making in the whole a total overweight of bread delivered for the prisoners in this prison, since the first day of January last, of 552 Ibs.-Upon the whole therefore of this investigation, it appears to your committee that the sheriff [Phillips] has been imposed upon, and that the statement made to him (which occasioned his writing the letter to the chairman of the session) originated in misap prehension, and was altogether, frivolous and unfounded.

Imports and Exports (Official).-Account of the number of ships and vessels which have entered into and cleared outwards, into and from the Port of London, from the 1st of January to the last day of February, in the years 1805, 1806. 1807, and 1808 :distinguishing the coasting from the foreign trade :

1805. 1806. 1807. 1808. Foreign inwards......195 368 312 323 Do. outwards....208 250 357 271 Coasters inwards....1750 1737 2055 1908. Do. outwards ...850 801 929 850 Exports (Official).-Account of the real value of exports from Great Britain to Denmark, from 5th January, 1798, to 5th January, 1808; distinguishing each year, the real value, and the foreign merchandize from the British manufactures :

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Total 10,627,632 16,724,378 17,369,817 Extraordinary Expences of the Army. — The account of the extraordinary expences of the army from the 25th of December, 1806, to the 24th of December, 1807, conTo bills of exchange drawn by R. Adair, tains the following items of expenditure public services, £35,719. 1s. 2d. To ditto by A. Straton, minister at Stockholm, £27,320.-To ditto by E. Thornton, minister at Hamburgh, £19,800. To the governor and company Hunt, Esq. treasurer of the Ordnance for of the Bank of England, on account of J. 60,000 muskets delivered out of the Ordnance stores to M. Alopeus, for the survice of the Emperor of Russia, £114,182. 16s.—To W. Gorton, Esq. for a table for the officers of the life and foot guards on duty at St. James's, from 25th March, 1806, to 25th Sept. 1807, £13,937 14s.

minister at Vienna, for

Commerce. By an account recently laid before Parliament, the following appears to be the state of the trade between this country and the United States of America for the three last years: Exports to U. S. 1805-11,446,093 1806-12,865,551

1807-12,097,942

Total

Imports from U.S.

4,076,803

4,360,743

6,531,410

36,409,586Total 14,958,950 Balance in favour of England, £21,440,636. The following is a view of our foreign trade with other parts of the world during the same Exports 51,102,109 53,028,881 30,482,661

Years

Years,

Produce.

Total Exports.

1798

369,749

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1805

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371,670 116,234

487,904

1805

-

1800 .... 358,324

240,669

598,993 1807.

1801

264,605

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....

1805 4,217,286 1,867,918 6,085,264 1806 1,420,290 627,181 2,047,471 1807 3,319,314 3,010,967 6,329,931

....

Printed and Dyed Cottons (Official).Return of the number of yards of printed and dyed Cottons, exported from Great Britain to the United States of America, on which the bounty was claimed, in the years 1805, 1806, and 1807; distinguishing the Ports from whence exported, and the quan tity from each port in each year

Making a balance against this country of £3,091,211.

Hence it appears, that, upon an average of the above three years, the general balance on the foreign trade of Great Britain, that with America excepted, was disadvantageous; but as our exports to the United States exceeded our imports by £21,440,635, there is, upon the whole, a balance of £18,349,425, in favour of this country.

Militia Bounty.-It appears from an account laid before the House of Commons, the sum fixed in each county or riding in England, as the average bounty for substitutes

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