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IN SOUTH-BRITAIN. wall; as Heugh Town, on a high peninfula; Heugh Paffage, in Beer Ferrers; Lamerton Heugh, in Lamerton parish; Dunterton Heugh, in Dunterton parish; the Heugh, or Hew, a high peninsula, in St. Mary's ifle, Scilly; and feveral heights, on the shores of the Tamar, are called Heughs. Kenarth, on a point, between two rivers, in Caermarthenfhire; Penarth-point, near Cardiff; and Penarth-point, near Swanfea, Glamorganfhire. Pentire is the name of a point of land, in Trig-hundred, Cornwall,

IN NORTH-BRITAIN. the Red-Heugh, and HawksHeugh, in Berwickshire; Craig-Heugh, and Heugh. end, in Fifefhire; CarlinHeugh, and Breed-Heugh, in Forfarfhire; Fowl's Heugh, and the Earn-Heugh, in Kincardineshire; Gar-Heugh, in Mochrum parish, Wigton; and Clachan- Heugh, on LochRyan, in Wigtonshire *, Kingarth, in the ifland of Bute;

which was fo named from a bold head-land, near it on the coast +,

Kintyre is the name of a long narrow point of land, in the north of Argylefhire . Pen-lee

The

"Uch, and Uchel, (Brit.), means high, a height, the top, &c.; and fo Ueh, in the Bas-Breton, and ancient Gaulish. afpirate H was probably prefixed to Uch, and thereby formed Huch there are many inftances, in the topography of NorthBritain, where the H has been prefixed to Celtic words, beginning with a vowel: the Hoch, or Hoh, of the German, altus, excelfus, is derived from the British Uch, Uchel. Wachter's Gloffary."

"Pen (Brit.) fignifies a head, or end, as in the ancient Gaulish, and Bas-Breton; and Garth, a high cape, or ridge; in compofition, Penarth: fo Garth, in Bas-Breton, and ancient Gaulish. Cean, and Cin, (Ir.), mean a head, or end; in the ancient Gaulish, Cen: fo Pen-arth, and Kin-garth, fignify the fame: the British Pen is a frequent prefix to the names of places in North- Britain."

"From Pen, (Brit,) and Cin, (Ir.), a head, or end, as above, and Tir, land, (Brit, and Irish): fo, Pen-tire, and Kin-tyre, are fynonimous. "At the north-west end of all Cathnefs, "faid John Harding, in the fifteenth century, is Kentyr, and Kentyr. ynough." Gough's Top. v. 2. p. 582. This is the name, which had been given to the lands-end, by the Scoto-Irish inhabitants of Caithness. Cean-tir-a-nochd, in Irifh, fignifies the naked lands-end, or the naked head-land. In the British, and Cornish, languages, the point of Cathnefs is called Penrhyn-Blathaon, Lluyd's Arch. p. 258, and Richard's Dict. Penryhyn, in both thofe languages, fignifying a promontory, a cape, from Pen, a head,

or

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Port-Mellin, (Mill-creek), in
Cornwall.

Portezick-haven, in Trig-hun-
dred, Cornwall.
Port-Garreg, on the coaft of
Glamorganfhire: there are
divers names, beginning with
Port, which are compounded
with Brith words, on the
coaft of Wales, and Corn-
wall; as Port-Felyn, Porth-
Orion, Perth-Colman; Porth-
Ysgadan, Porth - Lechog,
Porth-Melgon, &c. in Wales;
Port Leven, Port - Keurn,
Port-Hillie, Port-Luny, &c.
in Comwall.

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IN NORTH-BRITAIN.
Pen-an, a head-land, on the
north coast of Buchan, Aber-
deenshire; and the Pen is
applied to projecting heights,
in North-Britain *,
Portfoy, a fea-port, in Banffshire;
Port-down, a creek, in Wig-
tonshire.

Port-Moulin, (Mill-creek), in
Wigtonshire.

Port-Neffock, in Kirkholm
parish, Wigtonfire.
Port-Yarrock, on the coast of
Wigtonshire: there are divers
names, beginning with Port,
which are compounded with
Celtic words, on the coast of
North-Britain; as Port
Charran, Port Cheillion,
Part.Loffet, &c. in Argyle;
Port-Cunan, Port-Gill, Port-
Kale, Port-more, &c. in Wig-
ton; Port-Camuil, Port-Leak,
&c. in Sutherland; Port-
Liech, and Port-Mohomack,
in Cromarty +.

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Ram, and Ram.Head, near Ply. Carrick-Ram, a promontory,

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Kirkmaiden parish, Wigton-
fhire;

Ram-afa ifle, north of Lifmore,
Argyleshire;

Ram-faig, on a point, in Sky,
Inverness-fhire;

or end, and Rhyn, a point: it is easy to perceive the analogy of the application of this appropriate name to the farthereft point of Cathnefs."

"The annex, An, is the diminitive: fo that Pennan is the little point, in contradiftinction, perhaps, to Troup-head, a large promontory, two miles weftward of Pen-an, at the entrance into the Moray Frith."

"Porth, (Brit. Cornish, Armoric, and ancient Gaulish), fignifies, a haven, a harbour: Port, (Ir.), a port, a haven. The Forth, the great haven of Edinburgh, is merely the British Porth; the P changing to Ph, and F: In the Irish, P, in the oblique cafe, becomes Ph.”

B 4

Ramfey,

IN SOUTH-BRITAIN. Ramfey, on an arm of the fea, in Effex; Ramfgate, in the face of a steep cliff, in the isle of Thanet; Ramfway, and Ramfey-haven, in the Isle of Man; and divers other names, beginning with Ram. Rin is, in many inftances, applied to a point, as Pen-ryn, on a promontory, in Fal mouth-haven, Cornwall; and the heights above the fame town are called the Rins.

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IN NORTH-BRITAIN. Ramfurlee, inKilbarchan parish Renfrewshire;

Rome, near Crail, in Fife.

Rame, in Scone parish, Perth;
and divers other names, be-
ginning with Ram*.

Rin is, in many inftances, ap-
plied to a point; as two large
promontories are called the
Rins of Galloway;
Rindow point, between Wigton
and Fleet bay;
Rhinchewaig, a narrow point,
in Loch-Ryan, Wigtonshire;
Penrhyn Blathaon, the British
name of Cathness point;

in Anglesey. Eaft, and Weft, Rynd, on nar.

Rin-more, on a point, in Armington - hundred, Devon. fhire;

row points, in Perthshire; Rhind, a point, in Clackman nanfhiro.

Rin-more, in Strathdon, Aberdeenshire;

Rin-more, in Cantire, Argyle +.

Ram is a very ancient word, which always fignified, high, noble, great; as we may fee in Calmet's Dict. of the Bible: fo Ram, Rama, Ramas, fignified fomething great, noble, or high. Holwell's Myth. Diet. Ram, Rham, in the British, fignifics what projects, or is forward: Rhamu, to project, or go forward; and Rhamanta, from the fame root, to predict. Ram, robur, pars extrema rei, margo, terminus. Wachter's Germ. Gloff, Ram, fignifying a height, or elevation, is a primitive word. Geb. Gram. Univer. p. 182. And fee the word Rom, having the fame meaning. Geb. Monde Prim. tom. 3. p. 64, 343. In fact, there is a Ram-head on the coaft of Ireland; and one of the principal promontories, in the Euxine, was called the Ramshead. Clarke's Connexion, p. 53."

"The above, and many other Rins, have derived their names from Rhyn, (British and Cornish), a promontory, a bill. Rinn, (Ir.) a promontory, a peninfula, the point of any thing, In fact, Rin is also applied to a point, in feveral names of places, in Ireland; as Rien parish, on a long point, in Clare county. Several points about Valentia island, in the county of Kerry, are called Rins,”

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point,

Trwyn Penrhofy

feilw point,

IN NORTH-BRITAIN. Rofs, a point in Berwickshire; Rofs-duy, and Rofs-Finlay, fmall promontories in Loch- Lo. mond;

Ros-neath, on a promontory,
between Loch Long, and
Loch-Gare;

Rofs-keen, on a promontory, in
Rofshire; and feveral other
promontories are called Rofs*.
Truyn point, on the coaft of
Kyle, Ayrshire;

Dun-troom point, and castle, in
Loch-Crinan, Argyleshire;

Trwyn-du point, in Anglefey. Dun-troon, in Dundee parish,

Trwyn-y. Balog

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Forfarshire;

Turnberry-head, (a corruption

of Truynberry), on the coaft of Carrick, Ayrshire, and many names, wherein Stron is applied to points, or projections ." P. 33.

The author fubjoins two other tables of fimilar coincidences, extended to the names of rivers, rivulets, and waters, and to the mifcellaneous names of particular diftricts; all ftrongly tending to prove his point of a common origin.

We can perhaps prefent no portion of this work which will be more generally acceptable than the animated hiftories of Duncan and Macbeth, which the author has written with peculiar vigour.

"DUNCAN, the grandfon of Malcolm II. by his daughter Bethoc, as tanift of the kingdom, and prince of Cumberland, immediately fucceeded the aged king. in 1033 A.D. It fell

* Rhus (Brit.) fignifies a start, and is applied figuratively to a promontory, in the fame manner, as the English Start point, on the coaft of Devonshire. Rofs, (Ir.), a promontory. Ros, in ancient Gaulish, fignified a promontory, a peninfula. Rofs appears frequently in the topography of Ireland, applied in this fenfe. See Beaufort's map of Ireland, and the Index.”

"Trayn, (Brit.) a`nose, a fnout. Tran, (Cornish), a nose, a promontory. Șron, (Ir.), a noje, a frout.”

to

to the lot of Duncan to perform the ftipulations of his grand. father with Canute: and, he marched through Northumberland, in 1035, and attacked Durham, whence he was repulfed with the lofs both of men and reputation, if we credit the English hiftorian. Canute died, on the 12th of November, in the fame year and Scotland was left, during the five fubfequent years of Duncan's reign, to enjoy quiet, and to engender mifchief. Fiction represents this fhort period, indeed, as difturbed by fome rebellion, and as afflicted by fome depredations of the Danes. We may cafily fuppofe, indeed, that Sigurd's fons, the Earls of Orkney, may have tried their young pinions, as eaglet vikingr*; and foared for prey along the fhores of the Moray frith, while the maormor + of that district was yet an infant. The time was now at hand, when the "gracious Duncan," while his " plen teous joys wantoned in fullness," was to expiate, by his blood, his grandfather's guilt, and his great-grandfather's crimes. Kenneth III. as we have feen, attempted to change the old mode of fucceffion, by the murder of princes, who ftood before his fon: he put to death, on whatever pretence, the only fon of Finella, who was the daughter of Cunechat, the Maormor of Angus: and, Kenneth fell a facrifice to a mother's vengeance, as we may remember, in 994 A. D. Kenneth IV., while reigning lawfully, was flain in 1003 A. D., as we have perceived, by Malcolm II., at the battle of Monivaird. Kenneth IV. left a fon, Boedhe, the heir of his rights, and the fucceffor to his wrongs. Seeing how unable he was to contend with the flayer of his father, he feems to have provided for his fafety, by his infignificance: and, he left a fon, and a daughter, to enjoy his pretenfions, and to avenge his injuries: his fon, however, was flain, in 1033, by one of the laft orders of the aged Malcolm. His daughter was the Lady Gruoch, who married, for her firft husband, Gilcom. gain, the Maormor of Moray, a perfon of the firft confequence, next to the royal family; and, for her fecond husband, she mar ried the never to be forgotten Macbeth. The Lady Gruoch, with great ftrength of character, had the most afflictive injuries. constantly rankling at her heart; a grandfather dethroned, and flain; a brother affaffinated; and her husband burnt, within his caftle, with fifty of his friends; herself a fugitive, with Lulach, her infant fon. Such were the injuries, which prompted the Lady Gruoch's vengeful thoughts; and "which filled her, from the crown to the toe, topful of direft cruelty." Amidst her misfortunes, fhe married Macbeth, the Maormor of Rofs, who was then in the prime of life; and who was of ftill greater power than her first husband: for, after his marriage with this injured woman, he became Maormor of Moray, during the infancy of

* A pirate, alluding to a particular race of ravagers, See

P. 212.

Rev.

+ A chieftain, equivalent to Earl. Rev.

Lulach.

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