...But admitting, he continues, that in a few of the cafes the patients have taken the Small Pox, after being judged to have had the Cow Pox, the number of fuch failures do not amount to more than one in five thoufand. "If therefore," he adds, p. 14, "the Cow Pox fecures from the Small Pox in 4,999 cafes out of 5,000, the probability is either that there was fome defect in the efficacy of the Cow Pox Virus, or that the constitution of the patient was in that ore inftance not fufceptible of the prophylactic power of vaccination." Such rare and uncommon accidents fhould not excite any prejudice against vaccination, as there is ftrong evidence that perfons have taken the infection of the Small Pox a fecond time. Some inftances of the kind this author introduces, and on the moft refpectable authority; and then adds, "as it never has been contended that the Cow Pox was fuperior to the Small Pox in its prophylactic virtues, its ftrongest advo cates will be willing to admit the poffibility that vaccination might fail where variolation could not fecure from reinfection.” In refpect to the other objections that vaccination leaves the perfons who have undergone the procefs liable to cutaneous eruptions, the author properly obferves, if the feeds of fuch eruptions were contained in the virus, they would vegetate, or produce their effect, if not on all, at the leaft on a majority of the perfons inoculated, but this we know does not happen. A very fmall number only of perfons, principally children, are troubled with eruptions after having the Cow Pox, the fame as occur at the time of cutting their teeth, or after the fmall pox, measles, chicken pock, fcarlatina, &c. and if we credit the evidence of Dr. Rowley before the Houfe of Commons, (fee the laft article,) fimilar eruptions, but more virulent, and even fatal, are no uncommon confequence of the Small Pox. Other arguments equally conclufive are urged by the author, for these we refer our readers to the work, which is extremely well calculated to quiet the alarms which the opponents to the Cow Pox are taking fuch an. common pains to excite.

ART. 27. Aufwers to all the Objections hitherto made againft the Cow Pox. By Jofeph Adams, M. D. Phyfician to the Small Pox and Inoculating Hofpitals. 12mo. 37 PP. 15. John. fon, 1805.

We have not often met with more argument, and found rea. foning, than we find in this little tract in defence of vaccination; the only wonder is that there fhould be any neceffity for defending a practice, which an experience of feven years has proved to be fo extremely beneficial; but the more than ordinary pains lately taken to circulate reports to its difcredit, oblige the friends to humanity to ufe fimilar activity in preventing the effects of mif, reprefentation.

The

The method of inoculating perfons with cow pock matter, as a prefervative against the infection of the Small Pox, difcovered by our countryman, Dr. Jenner, is now practifed in every part of the globe. In France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, through the Eaft Indies, and moft other parts of Alia; through Africa, and not only that part of America which is inhabited by the defcendants of Europeans, but among the Indian favages. "Still," this author obferves, " we hear of no objections to the practice but in England," as if we grudged the inventor the ho nour of the difcovery! To account for this," it may be imagined," he says, "that because the practice began among us, it has therefore been more general here, and in confequence more accidents have happened; but this is far from the cafe, for the practice has been univerfal in other countries, and only partial in this." In India the Bramins, who used to inoculate the Small Pox, now conftantly fubftitute the Cow Pox. The author proceeds to examine the objections urged against the practice. These he answers with arguments fo cogent and fatisfactory, as will have the effect, we have no doubt, of filencing the clamours fo induftrioufly circulated, with a view to its fuppreffion. For thefe we refer to the pamphlet, which is publifhed for the benefit of the Small Pox and Inoculating Hofpitals, with an allowance to perfons difpofed to diftribute it among the poor.

ART. 28. Trafts and Obfervations on the falutary Treatment of Infants, not strictly medical, comprehending a new Syftem in Difcipline and Management during the Period of infantile Life, wherein are confidered and pointed out feveral important CircumStances effentially connected with Health, in a view to anticipate, as well as to remove Difcafes during that difficult Period, chiefly for the Information of Female Parents. By Robert Bath. 8vo. 164 PP. 5s. Cawthorn. 1805.

From the title, and from fome paffages in the volume, we may conjecture the author intended giving to female parents fome information as to the manner of bringing up their children, and precepts for the purpose may be, and probably are contained, if any one could decypher the language in which they are conveyed.

He begins with the following addrefs to maternal parents: "It is remarkably true, and obfervable," he favs, "that the circumstance of natural affiance, or to speak more fpecifically and abfolutely, the affinities are more ftrong, more inclined to fol low, and infinitely more attached to the female, than the other parent; and that the female has delights, joys, and feelings of a more delicate, of a higher and more finished kind, as well as more increafing and perfeverant than the male; and in this inftance we have to contemplate and behold, as well as adore infinite wifdom, in the creative parts, for giving an inherent and fixed undeviating principle in the faireft part of human nature, &c." We will now fhow in how intelligible a manner the

autho

author explains to his fair pupil the effects of bile in the ftomach when it chances to get there.

"It frequently arifes," he fays, p. 72, "from the circumftance of a redundancy of food, that is, from a want of judicious and well-appointed management in quantity from an infenfate perfon, that the important faid the bile from the inflated ftomach Occupying too large a space in the abdominal cavity, is made to go retrograde, and pafs to that cavity in room of going forward in the inteftinal tube, to aid and perfect digeftion, and confequent fecretion; when it never fails to decompound the food, become irritating and revellent, and frequently after exciting eructation by flatulence is rejected; and in this way, or in a much worse, it impairs the periftaltic motion, &c." We recommend to this gentleman to return to his pestle and mortar, which he seems much better adapted to wield than his pen.

ART. 29. Critical Reflections on feveral important practical Points relative to the Cataract: comprehending an Account of a new and fuccefful Method of couching particular Species of that Dif afe. By Samuel Cooper, Member of the Rayal College of Surgeons in London. 8vo. Longman, &c. 1805.

The author of this publication is a warm partifan for couching, in preference to extracting the cataract. He employs the ufual arguments, and fupports his opinion by the authority of many distinguifhed names in furgery. But like a skilful lawyer he avoids noticing the objections to couching; and paffes over in filence the celebrated men who confidered the operation of ex: tracting the cataract, as the most fuccefsful.

This does not appear to us altogether a fcientific queftion; it must often be decided by the peculiar talents of the operator. For it is very certain, that the fuccefs of both operations, depends very much upon their being dexterously performed. If a furgeon knows that he can couch well, yet extract indifferently, he certainly ought never to attempt the latter. It is only thofe few who can perform both operations equally well, who are in the fituation to make a choice. From the able men who prefer each, it may be prefumed in a general point of view that neither has a great fuperiority over the other. The decifion of this point can hardly be fettled either by reasoning or authority; it is a queftion of arithmetic. If the events of a great number of cafes performed in both ways were faithfully recorded, the difficulty would be folved. This the author has not attempted: But as he prefers couching, he defcribes minutely the method of performing the ope ration.

In this he recommends the curved pointed needle invented by the celebrated Profeffor Scarpe, as preferable to all others. It is fingular that there are fuch a variety of kinds of needles employed by different furgeons. The round-pointed, the flat-pointed, the

fpear.

fpear-pointed, the femi-circular edged, and the curved. This leads us to fufpect that none in all cafes fully anfwer the purpose. As many Surgeons are unacquainted with the Italian language, they will find in this work fome of the ideas of the ingenious Profeffor of Pavia rendered into English. This may afford them both amufement and instruction.

DIVINITY.

ART. 30. The Scriptural Analogy and Concord of St. Paul, and St. James, on Chriftian Faith. A Sermon, preached May 9th, 1805, in the Parish Church of St. Mary Reading, at the Vifitation of the Rev. the Archdeacon of Berks. By the Rev. Arthur Onflow, D. D. Dean of Worcester, and Archdeacon

of Berks. 8vo. 16 pp. Is. Reading, printed. Sold by

Rivingtons, &c. 1805.

The apparent oppofition between St. Paul and St. James, while the one infifts on the inability of any human works to obtain falvation, without faith in the Redeemer, and the other infifts on the infufficiency of a faith, which is not proved by works; an oppofition which equally fubfifts between fome parts of St. Paul's writings and others, when the fame apoftle had different point, to prefs upon his converts; this natural and reasonable differences fo common a ftumbling block to weak minds, has called forth many expofitors of our church, to explain and make it clear to all understandings. Among thofe who have done this with pe culiar clearness and accuracy, the Dean of Worcester will always deferve to be cited, after the publication of this difcourfe. He adopts the doctrine of the firft juftification, or election, common to all christians, which has been held by the foundest divines, illuftrates it (as Taylor does) by the analogy between the Jewish and Christian church, and founds on it the explication fo natu rally following, and fo well calculated to remove fome too common errors of the present day.

"It," fays he, in words chiefly fcriptural," the free gifts of love and mercy bestowed on Chriftians, produce their defired effect, and act as motives to holinefs, then their election and calling, their redemption and adoption are made good; they will not have received the grace of God in vain, but become fully entitled to all the benefits of the gofpel covenant. But, if thefe high and mighty privileges do not produce obedience to the will of God, then, as it happened to God's chofen people the Jews, their privileges are forfeited, and they muft expect the difpleafure of the Almighty." P. 5.

Afterwards, he tells his readers with perfect propriety, "Our church," following the apoftles," does not attribute fo much to faith, as to render good works unneceflary, nor fo much to good works, as to render them meritorious." P. 9.

The

The whole tenor of the fermon, (as well as thefe paffages, juftifies us in recommending it to the attention of both clergy and laity; wherever any new illuftration of thefe important points may be thought defireable, or found neceffary.

ART. 31. The Example of Chrift enforced, as a Motive to Be= nevolence. By R. Ward. 8vo. 24 PP.. 15. Kiddermin

fter printed. Hurft, &c. London. No date.

There is much of very good matter in this difcourfe. The fault of it is, that, though Chrift is exhibited as a pattern of benevolence, it is apparently only as a very benevolent man nor does it fufficiently appear in the fermon, that he is confidered as more than a man divinely commiffioned, and empowered to perform miracles. The author even thinks it neceffary, to guard his hearers against the injuftice of attributing "any finifter motive to the conduct of Chrift." Yet he fometimes fpeaks of Christ as our divine mafter; and of his promifed fuperintendence over hist followers, to the end of time, as being certainly to take place. The imperfections of the fermon, perhaps arofe from being writ ten, as the author fays, currente calamo; and it is poffible among thofe who would not hear the facred name of Chrift exalted as it ought to be. A fhort preface is dated in 1801; if that is also the true date of the discourse, it has been long overlooked.

ART. 32. A Sermon preached at Chrift Church, before the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and Governors of the Royal Hofpitals of the City of London, on St. Matthew's Day, Saturday the 21ft of September, 1805. By Charles Valentine Le Grice, M. A. 4to. 31 PP. 15. Rivingtons 1805.

This author very early evinced a difpofition to employ the prefs, as our 5th volume can teftify. This we confider as no bad fymptom, provided it be fucceeded, (as in this cafe it appears to have been,) by the prudence of not hazarding too fre quently fuch appeals to the public; and waiting till thofe powers which gave the original impulfe, fhall have obtained fufficient maturity to juftify greater attempts. Mr. Le Grice appears here as the public encomiaft of the excellent feminary in which he was educated; and difplays at once his gratitude, and his talents, in a manner extremely becoming. His praifes are appropriate, yet by no means trite, and his expreffions generally neat and well chofen. In allufion to the Monaftic Inftitution, which preceded the foundation of Christ's Hospital, he fays,

"The lives of thofe, who were formerly within these walls, refembled their religion: they fhut up the Bible from being ufeful to the people, and themselves from being ferviceable to the State: but the Founders of this Inftitution knew that a life of industry is a life of God's own appointment, that without la bour all the benefits of nature, and all the bleflings of Provi

dence