この書籍について
マイ ライブラリ
Google Play の書籍
Section
VI.
2. The origin and prevalence of this great national evil
explained, 39.
3. Its consequences.
occasions, 42.
The poverty and wretchedness it
4. The injuries it inflicts on society, 46.
5. The cruelties it occasions. Underletting. Exorbitant rents, clearings, &c., 47.
6. Its political effect, 50.
7. Its conduct in the periods of general distress which it
occasions, 50.
8. Its total abandonment of all social and public duties, 56.
9. Exceptions, 58.
1. The modern justification of absenteeship considered in
reference to Ireland, 59.
2. Exemplified as it respects Britain, 63.
3. Its injurious effect on British agriculture, 64.
4. Its effects, in abstracting the capital of Ireland, 65.
VII. The expedients now proposed in behalf of Ireland con- sidered; and, first, EMIGRATION.
1. Its inefficiency proved by an appeal to the past experi-
ence of Ireland, 69.
2. The expedient of barbarous times, 72.
3. Its impolicy shewn in reference to the description of
persons it is proposed to deport, 76.
4. Its erroneous and degrading estimate of the worth of
human beings, 77.
5. Men valuable in all communities whatsoever, even as
slaves, 79.
6. Far more valuable as free labourers, 83.
7. Appeal to every class in proof of the value of human
beings, 85.
8. The proposal of sending British subjects away, impo-
litic as to its effects. 88.
9. Cruel in its consequences, however regulated, 90.
VIII. Second expedient, namely, “CLEARING :" i. e. depopulating
estates, or enlarging farms.
1. The proposition explained, 92.
2. Its cruelty, especially in reference to Ireland, 93.
3. Its moral and political effects in past times, 96.
4. The cause of constant outrages and insurrections in
Ireland, 99.
5. Its selfishness, 103.
6. Its impolicy; as detrimental to the interests of the
landlord, the occupier, and the public, 105.
7. Superiority of minute cultivation proved. The practice
of the ancients appealed to, 107.
8. Existing demonstrations. Italy, 116.
9. The Netherlands. The importance of consulting the
practice of agriculture there, 115.
4
10. Size of farms there limited, and almost universally
small, 119.
11. The effects of their system in regard to all the interests
immediately concerned, as well as the public at
large, 123.
12. Their policy compared with that of the United King-
dom, 129.
13. Gross misstatements as to the average size of farms in
Ireland. Large farms prevail there, 130.
14. Prosperity of the small farmers in Ireland, when pro-
perly treated, 134.
15. Great cruelty of" clearing" them, 185.
16. Exemplified, 138.
17. The proposition highly injurious to England and its
agriculture, 143.
IX. Third expedient, that the Irish should be induced to adopt a
better style of living.
1. Impossible on account of absenteeship, 146.
2. Means the restraining of matrimony, 149.
3. The demoralizing consequences of this, were it possible
to effect it, 150.
X.
XI.
4. Would be wholly inefficacious as a measure of relief,
152.
Fourth expedient.
Ecclesiastical confiscation.
1. Delusive as a proposition of relief to the lower classes,
2. Would injure them by increasing absenteeship, 157.
3. That the Clergy are absentees, disproved, 157.
4. Benefits of their residence, 158.
5. Illustrated, 160.
6. A final commutation of tithes proposed, 162.
7. And a better administration of ecclesiastical property,
165.
Propositions in behalf of Ireland.
1. Absenteeship to be discouraged, 166.
2. So as least to interfere with the rights of property, 167.
3. Precedents for legislative interference, 168.
XII. A power to be conferred on absentees of altering the entails of their Irish estates, proposed.
1. As a means of lessening absenteeship, 169.
2. The proposal previously sanctioned, 170.
3. Objections anticipated and answered, ib.
4. Individual and national advantages of such a law, 171.
XIII. The establishment of a reformed system of POOR LAWS,
proposed.
1. The system of a national provision for poverty and dis- tress, on the basis of the poor laws of England, asserted and defended, 112.
2. The defence not extended to its malversations and
abuses, 173.
3. Inefficacy and impracticability of other plans of general
relief, 177.
4. Poor laws beneficial to the general interests of the com-
munity, 181.
5. The unfairness of their abrogation considered and ex-
emplified, 183.
6. The principle of a national provision further defended,
and shewn to be founded on natural right and
justice, 185.
7. On religion. Poor laws of the Jews and primitive
Christians, 190.
8. On legal right, 196.
9. On universal consent. The practice of sundry ancient
and modern nations appealed to, 197.
10. A digression in reference to the Scottish system, 203.
11. Poor laws of America, and the expense they occasion,
208.
12. French system, since the abrogation of their charitable
institutions at the revolution, considered. Its ineffi-
cacy and expenses, 212.
13. The alternative of an absence of poor laws, universal
and disgusting mendicancy, 218.
14. Mendicancy necessary and justifiable in Ireland, in con-
sequence of there being no national provision for
poverty, 222.
15. The poor laws of the Netherlands, and especially Hol-
land; and the expenses they occasion, 224.
16. The objection to the poor laws of this country grounded
on the supposed increase in the burden of the rates,
fallacious, 227.
17. The poor rates have relatively decreased during the
present century, 229.
18. The poor rates have relatively decreased since their first
establishment, 232.
19. The mistakes which have led to a contrary opinion ex-
posed, 233.
20. The number of the distressed and unemployed poor
has relatively diminished since the establishment of
the poor laws, 240.
21. Table, exhibiting some of the preceding facts, and the
authorities on which they are founded, 245.
22. The present system of national charity compared with
that which prevailed previously, and of which it is the
substitute, 250.
23. The immediate and happy effects of the change asserted
on contemporary authority, 252.
24. The negative robbery implied in now abrogating the
national provision in behalf of the poor, 254.
25. A provision of a more objectionable nature would suc-
ceed such abrogation. An example of this, 255.
26. The poor laws of England ought to be restored to their
original purity and efficiency, 256.
27. The system thus reformed, proposed on behalf of Ire-
land, 259.
28. Principal objections to the proposition answered, espe-
cially the prophetic ones, 261.
29. The preceding arguments, especially relating to Ireland,
confirmed by extracts from a work of Dr. Woodward,
late Bishop of Cloyne, 264.
30. The want of poor laws in Ireland and Scotland highly
injurious to the English poor, 271.
31. Proposition in regard to the distribution of the poor
rates in reference to absenteeship, 273.
32. And subletting, ib.
33. Absenteeship further considered in relation to the
subject, 275.
34. The proposed system of national charity to be con- Different kinds of labour pointed
nected with labour.
out, 276.
35. The advantages of this proposal over the emigration
scheme, 279.
36. Table of the waste lands of Ireland, 280.
XIV. Effectual protection to Irish AGRICULTURE proposed;
or the continuation or establishment of a system of
efficient corn laws.
1. Agriculture the sole dependence of Ireland, and ought as such to be fully protected, 281.
2. Protection necessary for the purpose of the preservation