was there for some days until, finally, he was banished from the country, receiving permission to pass through England into France and thence to any place he might choose.

In 1604, when James VI.-he who caused the Bible to be translated into English--was King of England, Scotland, Ireland and France, a quarrel arose between Alexander Seaton, Lord Fivie, the Chancellor of Scotland, and the Earl of Glencairn, for which, being a Catholic, he was cited to appear before the Council, and, on his disobedience of the order, was pronounced contumacious; but from the rapid advancement he made in the good graces of the king it does not appear that the decision of the Council amounted to very much in that case, for in 1605 he was made First Earl of Dunfermline, and in 1611, Keeper of Holyrood House during his life.

At the beginning of 1617, King James made known his intention of visiting Scotland in person, and about the middle of March he left London with a large train of attendants. On crossing the boundary-line of the two kingdoms he alighted from his horse and welcomed the English nobles into Scotland, then remounting, he went to the seat of the Earl of Hume, from whence he proceeded the next day to Seaton, the house of the Earl of Winton, and on the next day entered Edinburgh.

About a hundred years later, when Anne occupied the throne, at the opening of Parliament in July, 1704, the succession of the crown being under discussion, and Queen Anne very much desiring to have the matter so arranged as to preserve the Protestant religion, the commissioner addressed the assembly, making known the queen's wishes. Several others continued in a similar strain, but without producing much effect, as Buchanan assures us. When the ministers had finished, Seaton of Pitmedden introduced a motion that "the house would support the Queen without naming a successor to the crown during the session of Parliament, and would agree to settle such question of government as should best conduce, in the event of Her Majesty's death, to free the kingdom from all English influence, preparatory to a federal union." In consequence they passed an act of security, wherein it was decreed

that in case the queen died without issue, the estates of Scotland should have the power to nominate a successor to the crown.

This parliament was the last under the reign of the Stuarts, as Queen Anne died on the first of August, 1714, closing the reign of the House of Stuart in Scotland, which was begun when Robert II. began to govern the country in 1371.

Under the reign of George I., King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, in the year 1715, summonses were sent to many persons of distinction in Scotland, calling upon them to appear by a given time at Edinburgh to give security for their submission to the reigning sovereign, on pain of being declared outlaws and rebels. A few complied with the requirements, but the majority determined to begin hostilities before the royal armies should be concentrated in force. On the fifth of October the laird of Mackintosh joined the Earl of Mar, who ordered him to cross to the south side of the Frith of Forth in order to coöperate with the English and Scotch partisans on the border. "Mackintosh accordingly landed in East Lothian, and, having taken Seaton House, marched toward Edinburgh, but, finding the city and suburbs well defended, he changed his course and went to Leith." He gained possession of Leith without much difficulty, and at once fortified it. But when the Duke of Argyll appeared there with twelve hundred soldiers, the Highlanders, "like the Arabs, silently folded their tents" in the night and marched away, returning to Seaton House, which he placed in such a state of defense that the royal troops did not care to attack the place at that time.

All Scotland was now in commotion, and most persons were compelled to take up arms on one side or the other. Several noblemen and gentlemen with their tenantry took sides against the English government, among whom were George Seton, fifth and last Earl of Winton. But fierce divisions broke out among the Scots, which proved their ruin. A battle ensued in which the carnage was great and many prisoners were taken by each side. Earl Winton and several other earls were taken prisoners not long after, at Preston, on the thirteenth of November. A court-martial was held at Preston for the trial of the prisoners, on the twenty

first. Some were sentenced to be shot and others were taken to the Tower in London and treated with great indignity. Many escaped to neighboring countries without so much as a Scotch baubee. Like Bedlam beggars they were literally turned out in the highways of the world to beg their bread until such time as they could find work.

In "A Jacobite Family," by Brown, we find mention of this

event:

"Mr. Moir had occasion to go to London, taking John [Gunn] with him, of course. He visited his friend, the Earl of Winton, then under sentence of death in the Tower for his concern in the rebellion of 1715. The Earl was arranging his affairs, and the family books and papers had been allowed to be carried into his cell in a large hamper, which went and came as occasion needed. John, who was a man of immense size and strength, undertook, if the Earl put himself, instead of his charters, into the hamper, to take it under his arm as usual, and so he did, walking lightly out. Lord Winton retired to Rome, where he died in 1749."

Some of the exiles made their way, under assumed names, to England. Among these were the ancestors of Ernest Thompson Seton, who went by the name Thompson for some generations, and the ancestors of John and Mary Seaton mentioned elsewhere in this volume. Some went to France, others to Germany and Italy, and quite a number to the neighboring island of Ireland, where some of their ancestors had been with the army of Edward Bruce, and from which country a good number emigrated to this land of the free and home of the brave.

Scott, speaking of that time, says: "The horses remained almost constantly saddled, and the sword seldom quitted the warrior's side; where war was the natural and constant state of the inhabitants, and peace only existed in the shape of brief and feverish truces."

CHAPTER XIV.

"ROBERT SETON FIRST EARL OF WINTON. On the death of George, seventh Lord Seton, in 1585, he was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Robert, as eighth lord. Although his father left the estates heavily incumbered by reason of the great expense of several embassies and of his losses suffered by adhering to the queen's party, yet by prudence and ability Robert was soon able to put his affairs in good condition and provide both sons and daughters with respectable fortunes. He was very hospitable and kept a noble house, the king and queen being frequently there, and all French and other ambassadors and strangers of quality were nobly entertained. He was a favorite with the king, and was created Earl of Winton with solemnity and pomp of banners, standards, and pennons inscribed with loyal mottoes and quaint devices, at Holyrood House, on the 16th of November, 1600. He was a great builder and a wise improver of his property, especially by working on the harbor of Cockenzie, along the most rugged part of the Frith of Forth, a curious fishing village of great antiquity, whose history is little known. It originally sheltered only small boats, but when improved by art accommodated vessels of larger size.

"In 1582 Lord Seton, as he then was, married Lady Margaret Montgomerie, oldest daughter of Hugh, third Earl of Eglington, by whom he had five sons and a daughter: Robert, second Earl of Winton; George, third Earl of Winton; Sir Alexander Seton of Foulstruthers, who succeeded as sixth Earl of Eglington, and in descent from whom is the present Earl of Eglington and Winton, Lord Montgomerie, Androssan, Baron Seton and Tranent; Sir Thomas Seton of Olivestob; Sir John Seton of St. Germains; Lady Isabel Seton, who married James Drummond, first Earl of Perth. Their only daughter married the thirteenth Earl of Suth