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striking example of the pursuit of commerce under difficulties, which I have ever seen. By the enterprise of Glasgow merchants, it has been so deepened, that what was once scarcely sufficient to float a sloop, now bears upon its bosom the man-of-war, the merchantman, and the ocean steamer. Up and down the river for miles, all is activity and business.

Here is the celebrated manufactory of Napier, where the engines of the Cunard line of steamers are built. Glasgow has nearly twenty thousand steam looms, which in a year produce 100,800,000 yards. Assuming twelve cents per yard as the average value, this branch of cotton manufacture amounts annually to upward of twelve millions of dollars. As a city, it has not the architectural beauty nor panoramic excellence of position of Edinburgh, but, notwithstanding this, it possesses a fair share of both. Though but fifty miles apart, the two cities could scarcely be more dissimilar-the one the fountain of learning, the other of wealth-the one fostering literature and the fine arts, the other commerce and manufactures. At the extremity of the city, opposite the cathedral, lies the Necropolis, a very beautiful

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cemetery, formed on the slope of a somewhat steep hill. It contains monuments to many of Scotland's mighty dead. A fine statue of Knox stands on the summit of the hill. From his elevated position, two hundred and fifty feet above the level of the Clyde, the great Reformer looks down on one of the most striking scenes that can well be imagined. The huge mass of the old cathedral, surrounded by the crumbling remains and memorials of twenty-five generations, stands still and. solemn at his feet, like the awful Genius of the Past; whilst the vast city stretches away in long lines and perpective in every direction, intersected by the river Clyde, with the uplands of Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire, and the Dumbartonshire and Argyleshire hills forming a noble frame to the picture.

Glasgow is quite celebrated for its manufacture of thread. I had the pleasure of being shown through the extensive establishment of the Messrs. Clark, whose thread is used in every part, I had well nigh said, of the civilized world. It was curious to see the thousands upon thousands of spindles, all moving with amazing rapidity, and enabling each person engaged to accomplish the labor of

hundreds. The manufacture of spools was, to me, peculiarly interesting. Great logs of wood in their rough state were brought in at one end of the room, and, after going through the row of machines arranged around, coming out perfect spools, without being touched by human hand, except in applying the wood to the machinery.

London.

"O, thou resort and mart of all the earth,
Checkered with all complexions of mankind,
And spotted with all crimes, in whom I see
Much that I love, and more that I admire."

AFTER a most fatiguing ride of twenty hours in the railway train from Glasgow, I arrived in London. This city contains twelve thousand streets, two hundred thousand houses, and two millions of people. It occupies an area of eighteen square miles, and is about thirty miles in circumference. The streets are so very crooked, that no two run any distance in the same direction; and many important thoroughfares are so narrow, that one conveyance cannot pass another. London, at first, confuses one. Wordsworth speaks of the "shock of the first presence of the great capital ;" and well he may, for it is almost stunning, and fairly takes away one's breath. It presents to the traveler a spectacle calculated to fill the mind with wonder —almost with awe-which increases and deepens the longer he contemplates it, and the more familiar he becomes with its mighty presence. It is a

complete microcosm, where you can see specimens and emblems at least of all that the world contains. All nations and races, all customs, all arts, all phases of humanity, all conditions of life, are here represented or exemplified. It is a vast panorama, with ten thousand ever shifting scenes. The interminable wilderness of streets and thoroughfares; the endless stream of curious vehicles and gay equipages, and the living tide of people of all sorts and conditions-nobles and prelates, soldiers and sailors, monks and mendicants-continually pouring through them; the stir and movement, the life of the great city, never intermitting by day or night; the palaces, and churches, and bridges, and piles of old buildings that have long had their places in history and romance, and which one has often strained his childish fancy to picture to himself, and now for the first time actually beholds; the long array of shops, (all brilliantly illuminated at night,) with their rich display of merchandise of every imaginable description, and gathered from the very ends of the earth; all this, with the never-ceasing din, and whirl, and bustle of this "monstrous ant-hill," combine to bewilder one so effectually that for a long time he gets no definite impression of

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