unique city of the dead. It is reached by a winding path down the side of the precipice, part of the way tunnelled in the solid rock. The buryingground is, perhaps, from seventy to one hundred feet below the level of the city, while in the precipices around are cut a series of vaults. Among the monuments and tombs below are beautiful walks embowered in trees.

A curious mineral spring bursts from the rock near the foot of the precipice, the waters of which are said to have a healing power. Over it is the

following beautiful inscription :

"Christian reader, view in me
An emblem of true charity;
Who freely what I have bestow,
Though neither heard nor seen to flow;
And I have full return from Heaven,
For every cup of water given."

The railway between Liverpool and Manchester was the first one built in England.

Shortly after

it was opened, a reward was offered for the best locomotive. When the trial day came, the Duke of Wellington, William Huskisson, and several other members of Parliament came down in the railway, as judges. Upon stepping from the car, the latter was killed by the train passing over his

body this was in 1830. A fine monument is here erected to his memory.

The Liverpool docks extend several miles along the Mersey, and are filled with shipping to every port in the world. The Albert dock is a beautiful one for the unlading of vessels. Around it, except at the entrance, are great warehouses, several stories high, built of stone, the lower stories supported by enormous iron pillars. Here goods are discharged with an ease and speed scarcely conceivable, as every convenience that human ingenuity can invent is brought to facilitate the operation.

As in low water it is difficult, and in fact in some cases impossible, for the steamers plying between this and the neighboring towns to approach the piers, a large reward was offered for the invention that would best expedite these landings. What is called the Floating Stage received the prize. This consists of an enormous float, chained to the pier with strong iron cables, and connected with the shore by a bridge, which, being on hinges, rises and falls with the high and low water. So great is its size, that three or four steamers can discharge at once.

From Liverpool I took the steamer Trafalgar, for Dublin: the distance is about one hundred and twenty miles. This steamer does not go up to the city, but lands the passengers at Kingstown, a little town, very beautifully located on a fine bay, about seven miles from Dublin. At the present day this would be considered a far more eligible site for a large city than the one that Dublin occupies.

Dublin has high claims to antiquity. It is mentioned in the second century by the geographer Ptolemy. Its first charter was granted by Henry. II. It lies on both sides of the river Liffey, a stream very small above Dublin, but which gradually expands, until, a few miles below the city, it opens into a fine bay. A magnificent quay, built of cut stone, extends for a great distance down the river; in the upper part of the city numerous bridges connect the two parts of the town, while below, the ships and steamers lie in great number; though the quiet and stillness that pervades the quay contrasts strikingly with the active business of Liverpool and Glasgow, and the other seaport towns of England and Scotland. The population is about two hundred and fifty thousand.

I went through the city in one of those conveyances peculiar to Ireland, called the "jauntingcar." This curious vehicle runs on two wheels, and is drawn by one horse. It consists of two seats, with backs to each other along the centre, causing the passengers to face the wheels, being just the reverse of the seats in our omnibusses. It accommodates six persons and the driver, who occupies the seat in front. It is not enclosed; but the feet extend over the wheels, (which are covered by the seat,) and rest on a step below. It is lightly constructed, and easily drawn, and I do not think I ever rode in a more comfortable conveyance, or one so well adapted for seeing the country.

The Bank of Ireland is pre-eminently conspicuous among the public buildings of the city. It was once the Parliament House, and the room in which the House of Lords met remains precisely as it was when last used. On the wall on one side hangs a beautiful piece of tapestry, representing the battle of the Boyne; while opposite hangs a no less interesting piece, representing the siege of Derry. After the Union of Ireland with Great Britain, at the commencement of the present cen

tury, a Parliament House being no longer needed, the building was purchased by the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland. The Post-office, Custom-house, &c., are all fine buildings. One of the objects of greatest curiosity about Dublin is the Phoenix Park, which is certainly the finest thing of the kind in the United Kingdom. It is of enormous extent, containing eighteen hundred acres, through which wind several beautiful and romantic drives, embracing great variety of scenery, and, being in such close proximity to the city, must afford delightful recreation to such of the citizens as have leisure to seek it. In this park is the residence of the Lieutenant-General, called the "Vice-royal Lodge;" and near it the Chief Secretary's Lodge; around each of which a certain portion of the grounds are enclosed from the public. On the southern avenue is the Wellington Testimonial, an immense obelisk, resembling Cleopatra's Needle, 205 feet in height, on which are inscribed the names of all the victories won by the Duke, from his entrance into military life till the battle of Waterloo.

After giving these extensive and beautiful grounds a partial examination, we drove down to