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sion to pass by unimproved, which I might fairly use, to inculcate an elevated sense of justice, of integrity, of honor, of dignity, and of independence of feeling, sentiment, and action. All these are elements of an enlightened sense of duty, the strengthening and maturing of which, is, of all things, the most essential in the formation of character.

Next to religion, the moral interests of a nation are its highest interests, and practical morals have an intrinsic claim to be universally studied and understood. Studies pertaining to moral duty, that is, to personal conduct, may well claim precedence of every other. It is not important, that every man should be acquainted with Algebra and Geometry, though these sciences are not without their use to any one; but it is important, that every man, whatever may be his vocation, should be acquainted with practical morals. Still, the importance of Moral Philosophy is not so generally acknowledged as it ought to be, and it has been very much neglected, in almost, if not quite all our institutions of education.

Moral Philosophy has important relations to, and connexions with law; and, on these parts of the subject, I have sometimes stood in need of the aid and advice of gentlemen learned in the law. My acknowledgments are due to Mitchell King, C. G. Memminger, and George W. Eggleston, Esquires, of Charleston, for considerable assistance rendered in this way. While residing at Cambridge to superintend the printing, similar assistance has been given me, with much kindness and courtesy, by Simon Greenleaf, Esq., Royall Professor of Law in Harvard University, and by Mr. Justice Story, of the Supreme Court of the United States. Invited "to consult them as often as it suited me," several of my chapters have derived the greatest advantage from the consultations which were thus encouraged. President Quincy, also, with his accustomed liberality, and without waiting to be applied to, opened to me all the facilities of the University.

Cambridge, 4 September, 1837.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENTS.

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To confirm this last position, the Scriptures are reviewed, under the divisions
of the Patriarchal, Mosaic, and Christian dispensations,

The patriarchal dispensation is chiefly distinguished for facts and institutions

having a moral bearing and influence,

Review of the moral character of the Mosaic dispensation,
Review of the moral character of the Ten Commandments,
Review of the morality of the Psalms, the Proverbs, and the Apocrypha,
Review of the morality of the Christian dispensation. The morality of the
Gospel is superior to that of the patriarchal and Mosaic dispensations,

Its design was, so far as morals are concerned, to furnish motives to moral

conduct, rather than rules; sanctions, rather than precepts,

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This argument respecting the special moral influence arising from a belief
in God, and his superintending providence, confirmed, .

1. By an appeal to the recorded sentiments and convictions of all nations

which have left any writings,

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2. By citing the sentiments of the American revolutionary Congress,
Belief in God, then, and his superintending providence, is alike the founda-
tion of morals and religion,

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Case of the heathen who knew God, but glorified him not as God,

To preserve that strong conviction and deep sense of God, which is the root
and branch of practical morals, we must perform the duties which spring
from the relation in which we stand to him,

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OUR RELATION TO OUR COUNTRY, AND THE MORAL DUTIES
THENCE ARISING; THAT IS, THE DUTIES OF PATRIOTISM.

Christianity has made obedience to civil government imperatively binding

on the conscience,

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CHAPTER I. MORAL DUTIES OF RULERS OF EVERY GRADE.

Rulers of every grade occupy a common ground, and sustain a common re-
lation to their country, from which spring important moral duties,

It is their duty to guard themselves against faction and party spirit, which

have been the bane of all free governments,

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The New Testament ranks these among the most important moral duties, 110

Civil governors are entitled to a fair, candid, and even favorable representa-
tion of their sentiments, conduct, and official measures,
They are entitled, too, to a fair and reasonable active support, until their
conduct has been such as to forfeit a liberal confidence,

Even when an administration comes into office against our wishes and en-

deavours, they are still entitled to be judged by their measures,

A line of distinction reasonably definite, drawn between a factious and a prin-

cipled opposition,

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