SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE? (D. 1371) THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAILE OF SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILE, KT. And from Ephesim Men gon 25 throghe many Iles in the See, unto the Cytee of Paterane, where Seynt Nicholas was born, and so to Martha, where he was chosen to ben 26 Bisschoppe; and there growethe right gode Wyn and strong; and that Men callen Wyn of Martha. And from thens 27 gon Men to the Ile of Crete, that the Emperour yaf 28 som And from Ephesus men go through many isles in the sea unto the city of Pateran, where St. Nicholas was born, and so to Martha, where he was chosen to be bishop; and there groweth right good wine and strong; and men call it Wine of Martha. And from thence go men to the isle of Crete, which the Emperor gave formerly to the Genoese. And 10 game 16 21 property 22 23 25 26 THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAILE OF SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILE tyme to Janeweys.2 And thanne passen Men thorghe the Isles of Colos and of Lango; of the whiche Iles Ypocras was Lord offe. And some Men seyn,3 that in the Ile of Lango is yit the Doughtre of Ypocras, in forme and lykeness of a gret Dragoun, that is a hundred Fadme of lengthe, as Men seyn: For I have not seen hire. And thei of the Isles callen hire, Lady of the Lond. And sche lyethe in an olde castelle, in a Cave, and schewethe 7 twyes or thryes in the Yeer. And sche dothe none harm to no Man, but-yif 8 Men don hire harm. And sche was thus chaunged and transformed, from a fair Damysele, in-to lyknesse of a Dragoun, be a Goddesse, that was clept 10 Deane." And Men seyn, that sche schalle so endure in that forme of a Dragoun, unto the tyme that a Knyghte come, that is so hardy, that dar come to hire and kiss hire on the Mouthe: And then schalle sche turne ayen 12 to hire owne Kynde,13 and ben a Woman ayen: But aftre that sche schalle not liven longe. And it is not long siththen,14 that a Knyghte of the Rodes, that was hardy and doughty in Armes, seyde that he wolde kyssen hire. And whan he was upon his Coursere, and wente to the Castelle, and entred into the Cave, the Dragoun lifte up hire Hed ayenst 15 him. And whan the Knyghte saw hire in that Forme so hidous, and so horrible, he fleyghe 16 awey. And the Dragoun bare 17 the Knyghte upon a Roche,18 mawgre his Hede; 19 and from that Roche, sche caste him in-to the See: and so was lost bothe Hors and Man. And also a yonge Man, that wiste 21 not of the Dragoun, wente out of a Schipp, and wente thorghe the Ile, til that he come to the Castelle, and cam in to the Cave; and wente so longe, til that he fond a Chambre, and there he saughe 22 Damysele, that kembed 23 hire Hede, and lokede in a Myrour; and sche hadde meche 24 Tresoure abouten hire: and he trowed,25 that sche hadde ben a comoun Woman, that dwelled there to receyve Men to Folye. And he abode, tille the Damysele saughe the Schadewe of him in the Myrour. And sche turned hire toward him, and asked hym, what he wolde. And he seyde, he wolde ben hire Limman 26 or Paramour. And sche asked him, yif 27 that he were a Knyghte. And he 1 formerly, once upon a time 2 the Genoese 3 * yet fathom land 8 unless 9 by nature since 7 10 called 11 Diana 12 appears again, back 13 14 20 a say 31 then men pass through the isles of Colos and Lango; of the which isles Hippocrates was lord. And some men say that in the isle of Lango is yet the daughter of Hippocrates, in form and likeness of a great dragon that is a hundred fathoms in length, as men say; for I have not seen her. And they of the isles call her Lady of the Land. And she lieth in an old castle, in a cave, and appeareth twice or thrice in the year. And she doeth no harm to any man, unless men do harm to her. And she was thus changed and transformed from a fair damsel into likeness of a dragon by a goddess that was called Diana. And men say that she shall so continue in that form of a dragon until the time that a knight shall come who is so hardy that he dares come to her and kiss her on the mouth: and then shall she return to her own nature and be a woman again: but after that she shall not live long. And it is not long since that a knight of the Rhodes that was hardy and doughty in arms said that he would kiss her. And when he was upon his courser, and went to the castle, and entered into the cave, the dragon lifted up her head against him. And when the knight saw her in that form, so hideous and so horrible, he fled away. And the dragon bore the knight upon a rock despite his efforts; and from the rock she cast him into the sea: and so was lost both horse and man. And also a young man, that did not know about the dragon, went out of a ship, and went through the isle till he came to the castle, and came into the cave; and went on till he found a chamber, and there he saw a damsel that was combing her hair and looking in a mirror; and she had much treasure about.her: and he supposed that she was a common woman, who dwelt there to receive men to folly. And he waited till the damsel saw his shadow in the mirror. And she turned herself toward him, and asked him what he wished. And he said he would be her lover or paramour. And she asked him if he were a knight. And he said, "Nay." And then she said that he could not be her lover: but she bade him go back to his fellows and make himself a knight, and come again upon the morrow, and she would come out of the cave before him; and then he should come and kiss her on the seyde, nay. And than sche seyde, that he myghte not ben hire Lemman : But sche bad him gon ayen2 unto his Felowes, and make him Knyghte, and come ayen upon the Morwe, and sche scholde come out of the Cave before him; and thanne come and kysse hire on the mowthe, and have no Drede; "for I schalle do the no maner harm, alle be it that thou see me in Lyknesse of a Dragoun. For thoughe thou see me hidouse and horrible to loken onne, I do 3 the to wytene," that it is made be Enchauntement. For withouten doute, I am non other than thou seest now, a Woman; and therfore drede the noughte. And yif thou kysse me, thou schalt have alle this Tresoure, and be my Lord, and Lord also of alle that Ile." And he departed fro hire and wente to his Felowes to Schippe, and leet 5 make him Knyghte, and cam ayen upon the Morwe, for to kysse this Damysele. And whan he saughe hire comen 6 out of the Cave, in forme of a Dragoun, so hidouse and so horrible, he hadde so grete drede, that he fleyghe 7 ayen to the Schippe; and sche folewed him. And whan sche saughe, that he turned not ayen, sche began to crye, as a thing that hadde meche Sorwe: and thanne sche turned ayen, in-to hire Cave; and anon the Knighte dyede. And siththen hidrewards,10 myghte no Knighte se hire, but that he dyede anon. But whan a Knyghte comethe, that is so hardy to kisse hire, he schalle not dye; but he schalle turne the Damysele in-to hire righte Forme and kyndely" Schapp, and he schal be Lord of alle the Contreyes and Iles aboveseyd. 8 mouth, and have no dread; "for I shall do thee no manner of harm, albeit that thou see me in likeness of a dragon. For though thou see me hideous and horrible to look upon, I give thee to know that it is caused by enchantment. For without doubt I am none other than thou seest now, a woman; and therefore dread thee naught. And if thou kiss me, thou shalt have all this treasure, and be my lord and lord also of all the isle." And he departed from her and went to his fellows on the ship, and had himself made a knight, and came back upon the morrow to kiss the damsel. And when he saw her come out of the cave, in the form of a dragon, so hideous and so horrible, he had so great dread that he fled back to the ship; and she followed him. And when she saw that he turned not back, she began to cry, as a thing that had great sorrow: and then she turned back into her cave; and at once the knight died. And from then until now no knight has been able to see her but that he died very soon. But when a knight comes that is so bold as to kiss her, he shall not die; but he shall turn the damsel into her right form and natural shape, and he shall be lord of all the countries and isles abovesaid. FROM CHAP. XXVII In the Lond of Prestre John ben many dyverse thinges and many precious Stones, so grete and so large that men maken of hem 12 Vesselle; 13 as Plateres, Dissches, and Cuppes. And many other marveylles ben there; that it were to 14 combrous and to 14 long to putten it in scripture 15 of Bokes. But of the princypalle Yles and of his Estate and of his Lawe I schalle telle you som partye.16 This Emperour Prestre John is Cristene; and a gret partie of his Contree also: but yit thei have not alle the Articles of oure Feythe, as wee have. Thei beleven wel in the Fadre, in the Sone, and in the Holy Gost: 1 lover 2 back 3 4 know 5 let 6 7 fled 8 much since 10 till now 9 12 natural them 17 cause 11 come In the land of Prester John are many diverse things, and many precious stones so great and so large that men make of them vessels; as platters, dishes and cups. And many other marvels are there; that it were too cumbrous and too long to put it in the writing of books. But of the principal isles and of his estate and of his law I shall tell you some part. This emperor Prester John is Christian; and a great part of his country also: but yet they have not all the articles of our faith, as we have. They believe well in the Father, in the Son, and in the Holy Ghost: and they are very 13 vessels 14 too 17 15 writing 16 part religion THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAILE OF SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILE 8 and thei ben fulle devoute and righte trewe on1 to another. And thei sette not be 2 no Barettes, ne be Cawteles, ne of no Disceytes." And he hathe undre him 72 Provynces; and in every Provynce is a Kyng. And theise Kynges han Kynges undre hem; and alle ben tributaries to Prestre John. And he hathe in his Lordschipes many grete marveyles. For in his Contree is the See that men clepen 7 the Gravely See, that is alle Gravelle and Sond with-outen ony drope of Watre; and it ebbethe and flowethe in grete Wawes,10 as other Sees don; and it is never 12 cesoun. 11 in no manner stille ne in pes And no man may passe that See be Navye ne be no maner of craft: 15 and therfore may no man knowe what Lond is beyond that See. And alle-be-it that it have no Watre, yit men fynden 16 there-in and on the Bankes fulle gode Fissche of other maner of kynde and schappe thanne men fynden in ony other See; and thei ben of right goode tast and delycious to mannes mete. more. 23 13 14 17 out a And a 3 journeys long fro that See, ben gret Mountaynes; out of the whiche gothe gret Flood,18 that comethe out of Paradys; and it is fulle of precious Stones, withouten ony drope of Water; and it rennethe 19 thorghe the Desert, on that 20 o 1 syde, so that it makethe the See gravely; and it berethe 17 in-to that See, and there it endethe. And that Flome 18 rennethe also 3 dayes in the Woke,21 and bryngethe with him grete Stones and the Roches 22 also therewith, and that gret plentee. And anon as thei ben entred in-to the gravely See, thei ben seyn no more, but lost for evere And in tho 3 dayes that that Ryvere rennethe no man dar 24 entren in-to it: but in the other dayes men dar entren wel ynow.25 Also beyonde that Flome,18 more upward to the Desertes, is a gret Pleyn alle gravelly betwene the Mountaynes; and in that Playn every day at the Sonne risynge begynnen to growe smale Trees; and thei growen til mydday, berynge Frute; but no man dar taken of that Frute, for it is a thing of Fayrye.26 And aftre mydday thei discrecen 27 28 in-to the Erthe; so that at and entren ayen the goynge doun of the Sonne thei apperen no more; and so thei don every day: and that is a gret marvaylle. 33 devout and very true one to another. And that sea by ship or by any kind of craft: and And three days' distance from that sea are great mountains; out of which flows a great river, that comes from Paradise; and it is full of precious stones, without any drop of water; and it runs through the desert, on the one side, so that it makes the sea gravelly; and it And this flows into the sea and ends there. river runs three days in the week, and brings with it great stones and rocks also, and that in great abundance. And as soon as they have entered into the Gravelly Sea, they are seen no more but are lost forever. And during the three days that the river runs, no man dares enter into it: but during the other days one may enter well enough. Also beyond that river, further upward towards the deserts, is a great plain of gravel between the mountains; and in that plain, every day at the rising of the sun, there begin to grow small trees; and they grow till midday, bearing fruit; but no man dares take any of that fruit, for it is a thing of faërie. And after midday they decrease and enter again into the earth; so that at the setting of the sun they appear no more; and so they do every day and that is a great marvel. set not by (= do not practice) 3 frauds 15 device 20 the 5 deceits 6 have 7 8 13 27 23 18 river 24 seen dare 28 decrease again JOHN WICLIF (D. 1384) THE GOSPEL OF MATHEW 11 (FIRST VERSION) CHAP. V 8 8 THE GOSPEL OF MATHEU 9 11 5 CAP. V 17 Jhesus forsothe,1 seynge 2 cumpanyes, wente And Jhesus, seynge 2 the puple, wente up inup in-to an hill; and when he hadde sete,3 his to an hil; and whanne he was set, hise disdisciplis camen nighe to hym. And he, ciplis camen to hym. And he openyde his openynge his mouthe, taughte to hem, say- mouth, and taughte hem, and seide, "Blessed inge, "Blessid be the pore in spirit, for the ben pore men in spirit, for the kyngdom of kingdam in hevenes is heren. Blessid be hevenes is herne. Blessid ben mylde men, mylde men, for thei shuln 5 welde 6 the eerthe. for thei schulen welde the erthe. Blessid Blessid be thei that mournen, for thei shuln 5 ben thei that mornen, for thei schulen be be comfortid. Blessid be thei that hungren coumfortid. Blessid ben thei that hungren and thristen right wisnesse, for thei shuln ben and thristen rightwisnesse, for thei schulen fulfillid. Blessid be mercyful men, for thei be fulfillid. Blessid ben merciful men, for thei shuln gete mercye. Blessid be thei that ben schulen gete merci. Blessid ben thei that of clene herte, for thei shuln see God. Blessid ben of clene herte, for thei schulen se God. be pesible men, for thei shuln be clepid the Blessid ben pesible men, for thei schulen be sonys of God. Blessid be thei that suffren clepid Goddis children. Blessid ben thei persecucioun for right wisnesse, for the kyng- that suffren persecusioun for rightfulnesse, for dam of hevenes is herun. Yee shulen 5 be the kingdam of hevenes is herne. Ye schulen blessid, when men shulen curse you, and be blessid, whanne men schulen curse you, shulen pursue you, and shulen say al yvel 10 and schulen pursue you, and shulen seie al ayeins you leezing,12 for me. Joye 13 yee yvel 10 ayens you liynge, for me. Joie 13 with-yn-forth, and glade yee with-out-forth, ye, and be ye glad, for youre meede 15 is plenfor youre meede 15 is plentevouse 16 in hevenes; tevouse 16 in hevenes; for so thei han purforsothe so thei han 17 pursued and 18 prophetis sued also profet is that weren bifor you. Ye that weren before you. Yee ben salt of the ben salt of the erthe; that if the salt vanysche erthe; that yif 19 the salt shal vanyshe awey, awey, whereynne schal it be saltid? To no wherynne shal it be saltid? To no thing it is thing it is worth overe,20 no 21 but 22 that it be worth over 20 no 21 bot 22 that it be sent out, cast out, and be defoulid of men. Ye ben and defoulid of men. 8 Ye ben light of the light of the world; a citee set on an hil may world; citee putt on an hill may nat be hid; not be hid; ne me teendith 23 not a lanterne, nether men tendyn 23 a lanterne, and putten and puttith it undur a busschel, but on a it undir a busshel, but on a candilstike, that candilstike, that it yyve light to alle that ben it yeve light to alle that ben in the hous. in the hous. So schyne youre light befor So shyyne 25 youre light before men, that thei men, that thei se youre goode werkis, and see youre good werkis, and glorifie youre Fadir glorifie youre Fadir that is in hevenes. Nil 26 that is in hevens. Nyle 26 ye gesse, or deme,27 ye deme,27 that Y cam to undo the lawe, or that Y came to undo, or distruye, the lawe, the profetis; Y cam not to undo the lawe, but or the prophetis; I came not to undo the lawe, to fulfille. Forsothe Y seie to you, til hevene but to fulfille. Forsothe 28 I say to you and erthe passe, o-29 lettir or o 29 titel shal trewthe, til heven and erthe passe, oon not passe fro the lawe, til alle thingis be doon. i, that is leste 30 lettre, or titil, shal nat passe Therfor he that brekith oon of these leeste 30 fro the lawe, til alle thingis be don. Therfore maundementis,31 and techith thus men, schal be that undoth, or breketh, oon of these leste 30 be clepid 32 the leste in the rewme 33 of hevenes; maundementis, and techith thus men, shal but he that doith, and techith, schal be clepid be clepid 32 the leste in the rewme 33 of hevenes; greet in the kyngdom of hevenes. And Y seie 1 indeed 2 3 seeing sat 4 theirs 5 shall 6 rule not 22 but 23 light 24 give 25 Subj. of command 7 righteousness * are 9 called 10 evil "against 26 do not, literally, wish not (Lat. nolite) 27 think 28 14 with-yn-forth = inwardly verily one least 31 commandments 32 called 15 reward 16 plenteous 17 have is also 19 if 20 besides 33 kingdom 12 lying 23 13 rejoice 29 21 29 30 |