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Linnæan Syftem, is in the prefs, and will fhortly be published, in one octavo volume, with coloured plates, by Mr. DAWSON, of Hackney.

Mr. P. A. NIMNICH, author of the Univerfal Polyglotton Lexicon, will publih in London, in November, a Dictionary of Merchandize, in twelve languages; a work which promifes to be of great ufe to the mercantile world.

Mr. P. COURTIER will fhortly publifh a work, entitled, "REVOLUTIONS," a poem, in two books.

FAUVEL, the painter, has laid before the directory, fome interefting propofals for Antiquarian Architectural Refearches in the Peloponnefus. Fauvel was above fifteen years in the Archipelago; and for great part of this time in the fervice of Choifenl-Gouffier, who ufed his affiftance in the enquiries concerning the plains of Troy. For fome years he refided in Egypt, where he determined the measures of the remains of antiquity, with greater accuracy than any of his predeceffors; and he had determined on a journey to the temple of Ammon, when Choifeul, out of jealoufy, contrived to throw fuch obftacles in his way, as made him give up his enterprife. Since that time he employed himself for feveral years in the neighbourhood of Athens, where, through a very extraordinary talte in fome Turks of confequence, he had the perm ffion to dig wherefoever he pleafed. His Itt refearches were in the neighbourhood of Olympia, where he has difcovered many interesting particulars on this celebrated place of affembly; and it is probable, from his conjectures, that here, in fpite of the ravages of the Romans and the Barbarians, immenfe 'treasures of art lie buried. On this ac

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M. de CALONNE has finished the Appendix to his Tableau de l'Europe, which is at this time in the prefs. It will contain: 1. A Hiftory of the Ancient Government of France-2. An Account of all the States General that have been affembled-3. Obfervations on the unlimited Authority of the Kings of France, on the Ceffation of the States-General, and alfo on the Influence of the Parliaments-4. Observations on the territorial Productions of France; on its Specie : and on the Balance of Powers in Europe.

To prevent an unnecessary waste of labour and time, the Conductors of this Magazine propofe to adopt the method, common in Germany, of anouncing the tranflations of works undertaken by any perfons within their knowledge; and every one who wishes to avail himself of this opportunity, is requefted to fend to the Editor, the title of the work which he is tranflating, with his own name; the name to be inferted, or not, in the Magazine, as the tranflator chooses.

ERRATA, in a few copies of our laß. In the notice of Archdeacon Travis's intended work, for collection" read collation; and for "great" read Greek.

RESTROSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE DRAMA.

HAY-MARKET.-June 25,
The Mountaineers-and My Grandmother.
A Mr. Ellifton, from Bath, performed

the characters of Octavian and Vapour in the play and entertainment; it being his firft appearance in London. He acquitted himself much to the fatiffaction of the audience.

June 29. A Quarter of an Hour before -Dinner-The Baitle of Hexham-and Catherine and Petruchio. An apology for Mr. Fawcet, whofe character (Gregory Gubbins) was filled by Mr. Wathen, occafioned a generai murmur.

June 30. All in Good Humour-The Jew-and Deaf Lover, Mr. Elliston perforined Mr. J. Bannifter's part of Sheva,

the Jew, this evening; another daring undertaking, in which he acquitted him. felf with equal credir.

July 13. The Prifoner at large-Mock Doctor-and Bannian Day. The repetition of Bannian Day has been delayed through the indifpofition of Mr. Faw

cet.

This piece was falfely afcribed to Mr. Waldron, jun. it being the production of Mr. Brewer, author of a comedy, called How to be Happy, which met with but indifferent fuccefs at this theatre two feafons ago.

July 23. The Quaker, and (first time) Don Pedro. Don Pedro, a comedy in five acts, is the production of Mr. Cumberland, and, like the generality of pieces

4

haftily

1796.]

Cafe of the Licentiates, concluded.

haftily manufactured, poffeffes much to commend, but more to difapprove of. The German play of the Robbers, feems to have fuggefted the idea of Don Pedro, who is both a robber and a hardened villain; but the ftory, which terrifies more than it pleafes, differs confiderably, and is chiefly taken from a romance of Mr. Cumberland's. The play is intended as a mixture of grave and gay; but as villains always keep their own counsel,it confequently abounds too much with Saliloquies. The incidents, though few, are fudden, therefore unnatural, and the characters imperfectly drawn, the author, it is evident, depended too much upon his hero. Towards the end of the fourth act, it met with fome oppofition, and was, with difficulty, given out for Monday evening. The prologue and epilogue were both well written, and well delivered, by Mr. R. Palmer, and Mifs De Camp. The play did not admit of much good acting. Mrs. Kemble's character was too trifling. The

LAW

495

only performers who could and did ex-, ert themfelves, were Mr. Palmer, Mr.` Suet, and Mifs De Camp. The unpardonable delay between the acts was fufficient to put the audience in an ill humour. Don Pedro, we apprehend, will not be permitted to flonrith long in his wickedness; tike Don Juan, he should have ftrutted in a Pantomime.

OPERA-HOUSE.

Mr. Didelot brought cut for his benefit (July 7) two new pieces, both compofed by himself. The firft, a Ballet, in one act, called Flore Zephire. This met with general approbation The other, a grand divertiffement, in three act, in the Scotch ftyle, called L'Heureux Nanfrage, or Les Sorcères Ecoffes, which was not fo well received, but on being altered and contracted, was afterwards approved of. The mufic, by Sig. Boffi, was much admired. The fcene fhifters were very imperfect. The houfe closed on the 23d, with Viganoni's benefit.

REPORT S.

CASE OF THE LICENTIATES AND THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.

[Concluded from our lift.]

MR. ERSKINE next read a letter from Charles II. (which he admitted had no legal authority) directing the Col lege to admit none but graduates of the English Universities. At the period this was written, the dread of papifts and difaffected perfons was fo great, that in order to keep them out of all corporate bodies and places of truft, many fimilar arbitrary and illegal measures were directed and adopted. But, happily, the motive for fuch unconftitutional orders, and the fubferviency which would comply with them, do not now exift. Mr. Erfkine went on to fubmit to the Court, that "fome of the greatft men that England ever bred or ever faw in medicine, have been under the fame circumftances as Doctor Stanger: that Sloane and Mead were only admitted after purchafing Cambridge or Oxford degrees; and that Sydenham had never been admitted." This is an argument against the claims of the Licentiates, deduced from the excess of injuftice they have hitherto fuffered; because the brighteft ornaments of their order, and of their profeffion, have been deprived of their due honours and just rights, without redrefs, it would imply, that their fuccef

fors are for ever tamely to fubmit to the fame hardships. Mr. Erfkine next stated, very eloquently, that "fome men who were never taught, conducted by their own energies, might teach the schools, what they never knew that Newton would probably have difcovered the laws of gravitation, had he never feen Trinity College; and tha: Shakspeare, without being acquainted with the great models of antiquity, had foared beyond them." He argued, that notwithstanding the institutions of mankind are made for the common occurrences of the world, and not for thofe phenomena; that the fciences throw light on one another; that a very learned education enables a man to be more fki ful in a science which is connected with all nature, and gives him that dignity which adds luftre to a profeffion, that always has conferred honour upon English fociety. cannot help joining in the exclamation, which immediately followed: what of all this? is learning no where to be acquired but in the two univerfities of England?" The Liccutiates are fully fenfible of the neceffity of a learned education, and of the import. ance of the dead languages, and of the fciences which may throw light on their profeffion, or add dignity to the charac-. ter of a phyfician; and they infift, that they have cultivated them with as much

Here we

"But

ardour

ardour and fuccefs as the Fellows of the
College, or any body of men in the pro-
feffion. They infift alfo, that they have
ftudied whatever immediately relates to
phyfic, in fchools infinitely fuperior to
Oxford and Cambridge, which are to-
tally inadequate to complete the educa-
tion of a phyfician. They appeal to ex-
amination to decide, whether their edu-
cation and acquirements do not entitle
them to thofe honours and advantages,
which the legislature has held out as in-
citements and rewards to the learned
and kilful of the profeffion? Mr. Er-
tkine admitted, that in academies, and
other feminaries, equal learning may be
acquired; but argued, that " Oxford
and Cambridge had been conducive to
the revival of letters: that the monu-
ments of learning are preferved there:
that few perfons would refide there, if
they obtained no privilege by their de-
grees; and then, perhaps, in another age,
we may look at thefe Univerfities, as
venerable ruins; or perhaps, according to
the ideas of modern times, we may fee
them filled with looms for manufac
turers, or ftables for horfes !" Refpect
for old establishments is very natural; but
it would become a blind and bigotted
partiality, if it led men to facrifice bet-
ter opportunities of improvement in any
profethon. In one fo material to the
health and lives of the community as
phyfic, it would be criminal to be in-
fluenced by it. If the Universities of
Oxford and Cambridge were as ineffi-
cient in other branches of education as
in thofe that relate to medicine, neither
refpect for their former fervices, nor
even partial advantages annexed to their
degrees, could long preferve them from
venerable ruin; a ruin, which, indeed,
the claffic or philofopher might, deplore,
but which, if the monopoly in queftion
is established, the phyfician muft rejoice
at. Mr. Erfkine next faid, 16 If the
privileges of thefe Universities are not
refpected in phyfic, why fhould they be
refpected in the ether profeffions? you
will have a mandamus moved for, next
term, to admit a man of good morals,
and acquainted with divinity, to ordina-
tion." It would be deviating from the
fubject, to argue the propriety of con-
fining ordination to thofe who have taken
a degree at the English Univertities; but
the grounds of this reftriction in the
church by no means apply in phyfic. Ox-
ford and Cambridge are effentially eccle-
fiaftical inftitutions; they are the only
public feminaries, in which the doctrines

of the church of England are taught. The interefts of the church and state are generally confidered to be fo interwoven, that it is necessary to take peculiar precautions about the principles and tenets imbibed by the clergy. Seclufion from the world in early life, under the infpection of the dignitaries and elders of the church, may be a proper precaution in the education of perfons deftined to perform the facred functions of religion. But do any of thefe grounds apply in fuch a degree to ftudents of phyfic, as to entitle Oxford or Cambridge to monopolize, or even to confine the education of phyficians? They neither ever were, nor are now, medical schools of any credit. The interests of the ftate are undoubtedly materially connected with the attachment of phyficians, because no body can influence public opinion more powerfully; but that attachment cannot furely be ftrengthened by restraining either their opportunities of improvement, or fair means of advancement. A reclufe fituation would deprive the ftudent in phyfic of the great object of his inveftigation of disease in its various forms, which is rarely to be met with in fecluded colleges. Mr. Erfkine alfo in ftanced, "that admiffion to the bar was accelerated by a previous degree at Oxford or Cambridge." But the grounds of this privilege are as inapplicable to phyficians, as thofe enumerated refpecting clergymen. English law is peculiar ta the country, and is not taught in foreign Universities. The legiftature has, there fore, given a privilege to those who study law in the English Univerfities, which it has not extended to thofe who ftudy phyfic there; the branches of which being not of a local nature, may be learned in any country. Befides, this pri vilege only advances, but does not give an exclufive right of admiffion to the bar, which the graduates of Oxford and Cambridge have ufurped, and strug gle to perpetuate, in the College of Phyficians. It may be added, that examinations of perfons called to the bar, afford but very inadequate proofs of a learned education, of which a degree from the English Univerfities is in evidence: but that the tefts required for admiffion into the College of Phyficians, are, in themselves, proofs of confiderable attainments in literature and science,

Mr. Erskine, after obferving that these restraints are attended with no inconve nience, and complimenting both the Col lege and Licentiates for theis candour

and

1796.]

Account of Difeafes in June and July.

497

and liberality, concluded by obferving. of requifite learning and fkill, will have that the matter is reduced to this quef- his right to be admitted into the Coltion: "Whether this bye-law (requir- lege, for ever established, by a decifion ing graduation at Oxford or Cambridge) in favour of the Licentiates in the precoupled as it is with the other two dif- fent cause. penfing bye-laws, is not confiftent with the letter and fpirit of the charter?" We are clearly convinced that this byelaw of exclufion is inconfiftent both with the letter and fpirit of the charter: that it is unjuft in its principle, and pernicious in its confequences, both to the College of Phyficians, and the profeffion of phyfic: that it is contrary to law, equity, and reason. We confider the two difpenfing bye-laws as artful devices to evade a legal decifion against the monopoly; to divide the licentiates, and render them dependant on the Fellows. We therefore hope, that the judgment anticipated by Lord Mansfield, will foon be confirmed by his fucceffors; and that every physician of good character, and

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After Mr. Erfkine had concluded his very ingenious and eloquent fpeech, Mr. Gibbs was next heard on the fame fide: but he had not proceeded far, before the objection of Dr. Stanger's having applied for examination to the comitia mi nora, inftead of the comitia majora, was advanced and fuftained by the Court, as a ftay to farther proceedings, till an application to the latter had been made. This, we understand, has fince boen made to the comitia majora, by the fame gentleman, who has again been refufed examination for admiffion into the college. We are informed, that the caufe will, therefore, be again brought on during the next term.

ACCOUNT OF DISEASES IN LONDON,
From the 20th of June to the 20th of July.

ACUTE DISEASES.

Meafles

Scarlatina

No. of Cafes.

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No. of Cafes.

3

1

Small-pox

2

Swine-pox

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Aphthous fore-throat

3 Cough and chronic dyspnoea

13

Ulcerated fore-throat

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Pulmonary confumption

9

Peripneumony

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Spitting of blood

3

Catarrh

5

Anafarca

Acute rheumatism

3

Land scurvy

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I

Dry tettar

Summer fever

4 Impetigo

Ephemera

5 Lichen

Child-bed fever

4

Nettle rafh

2

2

I

2

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The fmall-pox, during the whole of the laft fpring, was the leading epedimical complaint in London and its vicinity. The difeafe continues ftill to rage with unabated violence; and fince the hot weather commenced, has appeared in its moft malignant form, proving every where extremely fatal.

The measles feem to be, at prefent, declining; but are likely to be fucceeded by the scarlet fever, which has been already diffufed to a confiderable extent. This disease, as is ufual in the fummer months, exhibits a mild train of fymptoms, and foon terminates favourably, without producing any material affection of the throat. For fome years past, it has always been moft virulent and dangerous in the months of October and November; but generally ceafed on the first appearance of froft.

The hooping-cough is yet very preva

lent. It has been attended with a con, fiderable degree of fever, which continued two weeks or upwards; and, in this stage, has been occafionally fatal to weakly, delicate children.

Amongst chronic complaints, the predominant ones, as will appear from the lift, are diforders of the ftomach and bowels, accompanied with violent pain, bilious vomiting or diarrhea, hæmorrhagy, &c. Thefe fymptoms may be fomewhat aggravated by the fudden alterations of heat and cold which have taken place during the prefent month: but, I am forry to add, they must principally be referred to the intemperate ufe of spirituous liquors—a caufe of difeafe more pernicious to the labouring class of people in this city, than the combined influences of its air, climate, occupations, unfeasonable amufements, contagions and other effluvia.

PUBLIC FUND S.
Stock-Exchange, July 26, 1796.

THE fcarcity of money has at length feriously affected the Public Funds. During the prefent month, they have fallen to a lower price than they have been at fince the American war. In confequence, thofe bold fpeculations (which we have repeatedly noticed) have been attended with a lofs the most enormous. Differences to a vaft amount have been paid, and defaulters have already appeared in fums as large as thirty and forty thoufand pounds.

Within the two or three laft days, confols have experienced a temporary rife; but the probability is, fhould the war continue, that they will be ftill lower than they have been.

BANK STOCK was at 155, on the 28th of last month-on the firft of the prefent it fell to 154-on the 6th to 152

rofe again on the 12th to 1542-fell again on the 15th to 1514-which was the price on the 22nd.

5 PER CENT. ANN. on the 6th July, were at 90%-on the 15th they fell to 89 on the 20th they were at 884-on the 21ft, at 87—and on the 23rd, rofe to 894.

4. PER CENT. CONSOLS, on the 28th of laft month, were 804-on the 6th of July, they were at 798-on he 15th they fell to 78-and were on the 23rd at 787.

3 PER CENT. CONSOLS, were done, on the 30th of last month, at 63, for the opening and on the 7th of July they were at 614-fell till the 15th, to 591and have fince rose to 60.

5 PER CENT. Exchequer bills are si discount.

OMNIUM is at 5 discount.

N.B. So great has been the fcarcity of fpecie in the prefent month, that government was obliged to defer the payment of the lottery prizes, due on the fifth inftant.

STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS,
In July, 1796.

GREAT BRITAIN.

FOR the fake of unity and method, we shall hereafter arrange our account of public affairs in two divifions, civil and military.

The civil tranfactions of Great Britain during the last month, furnished but little

matter interefting in detail. The recefs of parliament, the filence of ministers at this important crifis, and the gloomy fufpence in which the people appeared to be involved, refpecting the queftion of peace or war, refembled, in a confiderable degree, one of thofe delufive calms, when nature

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