Buddhism: Buddhism in China, East Asia, and Japan

abbot according Amida ancient appears belief biography Bodhisattva body Buddha Buddhist Studies Bukkyō Canon century Ch'an chap China Chinese Buddhist concept corpse death Dharma dhism dhist disciples divine doctrine early Emperor empress enlightenment Enryaku-ji esoteric Buddhism esotericism example Fa-tsang flesh Heavens Heian Period Hijiri Hōnen hongaku Hua-yen I-ching Ibid important India influence Japan Japanese Kanto kenkyū kenmitsu Kūkai Kyoto later Ling-pao Lotus Sutra magic Mahāyāna mandala Mantrayâna meditation monastery monastery-shrine complexes monks Mount Hiei mountain mummy Nara Period Nembutsu Nihon original pagodas Pāli person political popular practice pre-modern Pure Land reference relation relics religion religious ritual sacred space Saichō scholars self-immolation Shingon Shinran Shinto Shōshin shrine society sources spirit story stūpas Sudden Teaching Sûtra sūtras T'ang Taishō Taoist temples Tendai Tendai school thaumaturgic thought tion Tokyo tradition translation Tsung-mi Vinaya Zenran