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covered in the dung; harrowed lengthways: with a machine he opened the top of each of four ridges, deposited the seed in drill, and harrowed and rolled all with one stroke of the machine. Mr. Christie has never failed for some years to raise the greatest crops of turnips; he turns out with corn and red clover, which he does not feed off with sheep.

He applies all the turnips to feeding bullocks in the stall for the making of dung to manure his next turnip fallow, and thus travels with rapid strides over his farm, which he has certainly made of double the value it was when he undertook it, and it may now be worth what he bargained for; but he was young and unacquainted with the soil: it is a pity so much industry should be so badly placed.

Mr. Christie is likely to be of considerable value to the vicinity, if they will but examine what he does; from his plan a number of Scotch carts and ploughs have started up in the neighbourhood.

Mr. Christie, though the best cultivator of turnips I ever saw, will permit me to say, he does not turn his fine crops of clover to the best account. No stock pays so well as ewes or lambs, or other sheep stock.

Mr. Christie's fine, strong, well fed horses, consuming eighteen stones of oats per day, certainly did very much work for some months; they then began to lose their flesh, and it was most evident, that in so,

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strong a soil one ploughing in each year was much better given with bullocks..

His ultimate success will do much to root out Irish prejudice; I wish it from my heart.

Irrigation, or the watering of land. The greatest and cheapest mode of bringing any soil to produce the heaviest meadow is scarcely known, or but little practised in Ireland; some few have made experiments, but, though crowned with the greatest success, the stupid prejudice of the Irish farmer will not suffer him to quit the old cow track road of his grandsire, although he could travel a smooth clear one by stepping over the next hedge. Why should he be wiser than his grandfather?

In all mountainous or hilly districts, the watering the adjacent lands becomes a task, which any schoolboy can perform. I have long tried, and found great effect from throwing quick-lime into the conducting drains; this immediately mixing with the water was conveyed in the most minute form, and applied to the extremely fine organs of the most tender plants.. It is well known, that a pound of lime in a gallon of water will so impregnate it, that half a pint of such water shall diffuse its effects through the whole human frame. Its influence on vegetation is still stronger. If reservoirs to hold up the water for some days be erected, filled with water, in which á small quantity of quick-lime be

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infused, or, if lime be not at hand, rotten dung, such water will be found of twenty-fold the value it was before; when it is ready for spreading over the land, black cattle should be driven in to agitate the

water.

All water is more or less valuable, in proportion to the soils it passes through, and the quantity of manuring matter conveyed over the fields; though spring water may in some instances have had great effects, I would not have my reader swallow the opinion of some authors on the subject, who seem to think, that all the benefit of irrigation is acquired by passing any water on the surface, according to their laid down plan. I speak decidedly from much experience. A farm near Naas, where I introduced the flood water from the Blessington hills, had a field of ten acres so covered with stones, as could scarcely be met; from the quantity of calcareous matter conveyed and deposited from the flood-water, every stone was covered in three years, and that wretched poor field is now a good meadow. One pint of Michaelmas flood water is worth gallons of March floods.

I first turned my thoughts to watering, from reading different travels through Egypt. I talked with my intelligent relative, William Barton, of MountRoth in the county of Kilkenny, of whose irrigation Mr. Tighe, in his very enlightened account of

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Kilkenny county, is pleased to approve. I mounted on a hobby, which he has bestrode with the happiest effects. As Mr. Tighe did not describe Mr. Barton's process, or the manner of using the water, &c. I hope I may be excused going into it, though it is a subject out of the county.

Mr. Barton's watered meadow contains ninety acres; these he divided into compartments of six, eight, and ten acres; by conducting trenches, eleven feet wide, perfectly level in the top from one end to the other, these are filled at pleasure by a head conductor, taken from a high situation on the side of a mountain brook on the Castlecomer-hills, communicating with these grand divisions. The divisions are intersected by small embankments, which are so rounded as to be easily passed by the scythe; these are formed so as to hold water, and are placed to surround one, two, three, or four acres, according to situation; on the top of each a small trench is made, to convey the water at pleasure from the grand divisions into each compartment; in the lower point of each a sluice is made, to discharge the water expeditiously. If suffered to remain on the land twenty-four hours, it will deposit its sediAfter a fornight, dose may

ment; longer would be injurious. when the ground is quite dry, the peated,

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To simplify the above, and bring it within the compass of all my readers, lay a window-sash on the flat before you; call the sash-frame the conducting drain on one side, the tail drain on the other; the divisions between the panes, the embankments, on the top of which the water is to run; the panes, the divisions under water alternately, and the whole plan is before you.

I have been explicit in my account of Mr. Barton's method, as, from the flatness of the county of Kildare, there are millions of situations, where a similar plan could be formed; no land too spongy for irrigation, if springs be first conquered, and a covered drainage effected; the weight of a body of water on the surface would tend to consolidate the most spongy, and by its weight close the soil, and dry it with effect.

I have brought water to command two hundred acres of Glassealy, by taking up a small brook; it can only be used in the winter months; the lands lie mostly on the side of a gently sloping hill; when the water is brought to the highest point of the land to be floated, conductors should be formed with the smallest depending fall, so that, when full, a stop placed in any part shall throw the water over the land beneath; at every sixty yards another conductor, and so on until the whole piece is crossed by the conductors. The first flows the water over

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