catastrophe in our case is impossible; but, for all that, a war cloud seems to be gathering in Europe, which may involve the entire Empire in its dreadful shadow. As members of that Empire, as men of British descent, as subjects of Queen Victoria, it may be necessary for us to face the responsibilities which our nationality entails. You have seen by the papers the precautions your Government has taken to protect that happily for us-restricted portion of our seaboard, which is within reach of an enemy's assault; but I am proud to think that the spirit of Canadian patriotism has not confined itself merely to these exertions. Almost every mail has brought either to me, or to the Prime Minister, or to the Minister of Militia, the most enthusiastic offers to serve in the Queen's armies abroad in the event of foreign war. (Loud cheers.) These offers have represented not merely the enthusiasm of individuals, but of whole regiments and brigades of men. (Renewed cheers.) It has been my duty to transmit them to the Home Government, and to the foot of the Throne; and I should be failing in my duty if I neglected to tell you that they have been duly appreciated, not only by the Queen's Ministers, but by the Queen herself. (Prolonged cheering.) It will, undoubtedly, require a great deal of consideration to determine to what extent, and in what manner, advantage is to be taken of such noble self-devotion. Happily the time has not yet arrived, and I trust to God it may never do so, for giving practical effect to the suggestions which have been received, but I feel that I could not have a better opportunity of recording and emphasizing facts so indicative of the martial and loyal spirit of the Canadian people as those I have indicated. No, gentlemen -God grant that many a long year may pass before the note of warlike preparation rings through the quiet hamlets, the sun-lit fields, and the prosperous cities of Canada. But, should the evil day arrive, let it find us prepared and ready to do our duty. (Hear, hear.) It is not by undisciplined levies, however enthusiastic, that the homes and liberties of a country can be guarded. Every day war is becoming a more complicated science, the problems of which can only be successfully dealt with by highly organized battalions and trained and scientific officers. Above all, remember, things are not with you as they were a few short years ago. British North America is no longer a congeries of disconnected Provinces, destitute of any strong bond of sympathy or mutual attachment. You are no longer Colonists or Provincials--you are the owners, the defenders and guardians of half a continent--of a land of unbounded promise and predestinated renown. (Hear, hear.) That thought alone should make men and soldiers of you all. Life would scarcely be worth living, unless it gave us something for whose sake it was worth while to die. Outside our domestic circle there are not many things that come up to that standard of value. But one of these you possess a country you can be proud of; and never should a Canadian forget, no matter what his station in life, what his origin or special environments, that in this broad Dominion he has that which it is worth while both to live for and to die for." (Loud and long continued cheers.)

On the 7th June, 1878, their Excellencies, family and suite left Ottawa. Arrangements had been made to present His Excellency with a farewell address, and on the day previous a large concourse of people attended the City Hall where the presentation took place.

On the arrival of their Excellencies they were received with great cheering, and were escorted to the Council Chamber by his Worship Mr. Mayor Bangs and the Aldermen of the city, when the Mayor read the following address:—

"MAY IT PLEASE YOUR EXCELLENCY,-We, the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Ottawa, as civic representatives of the Canadian Metropolis, in which Your Excellency has now resided for six years, and where, therefore, your character may fairly be supposed to have been more fully manifested than in any other single locality in the Dominion, feel it a duty we owe to the country, no less than to yourself, to bear our humble testimony to the noble amenities which have uniformly distinguished your intercourse with the citizens of Ottawa.

We cannot but refer in terms of admiration to the special interest you have constantly exhibited in the progress and prosperity of the various educational institutions, now so happily flourishing in our midst. On many occasions it has been our privilege to listen to the enlightened and forcible views Your Excellency has publicly advanced on this subject; and we are satisfied that they have not been barren of the desired fruit.

It has also been a subject of much gratification to us to learn from the public press of this and the other Canadian cities, as well as from that of the United States, that your deliverances on various great and important occasions have been accepted as words of wisdom and experience, distinguished by an eloquence which has proved you to be no degenerate descendant of the illustrious lineage to which you belong.

You came to us with a prestige which justified great expectations; and on the eve of your Excellency's departure, it affords us unalloyed satisfaction to say that those expectations have been more than realized by the actual facts.

If it be not travelling out of our proper course we may state it as our conviction that, in the discharge of the more special duties of your high office, you must have been singularly successful, since both political parties are so ready to acknowledge that your Administration has been marked by every quality desirable in a Constitutional ruler, and we are assured that Her Majesty's Government will accord to you the credit due to eminent success in so onerous a task.

That the citizens of Ottawa will long and gratefully remember your stay amongst them, Your Excellency may assuredly accept as an undeniable fact; and, while they cannot part with you without regret, they feel flattered by the conviction that the happy incidents connected with your sojourn in our northern land shall not be considered unworthy of a place in your memory in the green island home of your fathers.

The citizens of Ottawa cannot say farewell without an earnest prayer that both Your Excellency and your noble consort-who has contributed so much, by her delightful courtesy as a hostess, to their enjoyment-may long live in the possession of happiness and prosperity.

W. P. LETT,
City Clerk.

C. W. BANGS,
Mayor."

Their Excellencies were much affected by these feeling remarks, and the Governor General replied as follows:

"MR. MAYOR and Gentlemen,—I am moved more than I dare trust myself to say by the kind address with which you have just honored me, breathing as it does a spirit of personal regard and affection, rather than that of official compli

ment.

As you say, for six years my wife and I have lived amongst you, I might almost say in the intimacy of domestic intercourse. Our daily occupations, interests and amusements have been more or less identical with your own. Two of our children are your fellow citizens; and no embellishment has enhanced the beauty and dignity of your lovely city that has not occasioned as much pride and pleasure to us as it could have done to you. Indeed, among the many regrets which our departure entails upon us, by no means the least is the thought that we shall no longer have the daily pleasure of admiring, and re-admiring, your Parliamentary Buildings, which, both as regards their site, their architectural splendor and picturesque and regal outline, excel all others that exist upon this continent.

It has been a deep regret to me to learn that, for the last two or three years, Ottawa has shared in that commercial depression which has been so severely felt, not only over the whole of this continent, but in every European country.

Happy should I have been had this cause of anxiety completely disappeared before my departure; but though the sky be still overcast, already I think a lightening of the atmosphere can be discerned in various quarters, nor have I the slightest hesitation in predicting the fairest prospects for your future fortunes.

Independently of the lumber trade, which cannot fail shortly to revive, there are many circumstances which point to the inevitable increase in the wealth, importance and dignity of your city. I suspect that the mineral resources of the region which surrounds you will prove very considerable. You will eventually find yourselves on the shortest, the cheapest and most important of all the lines of railway between the Atlantic and the Pacific; while the expanding power, wealth and energies of this great Dominion will necessarily stimulate the vitality, and enhance the importance of its legislative metropolis.

But it is not on these public topics I had intended to speak to you. It is not the Governor General of Canada who is addressing you, but your fellow-townsman; and speaking both on Lady Dufferin's behalf, and on my own, I can assure you that no two people can have ever passed six happier years than we have done beneath the roof of Rideau. The consciousness of the many friendships we have made, of the kindly feelings displayed to us by persons of all creeds, classes and professions, will serve to enhance for the rest of our lives the happy recollections of these times; and I trust that from henceforth, not only shall I myself have many opportunities of being of use to you, both collectively and individually, but that it will remain a tradition in my house to love and serve Canada and her people."

The Council Chamber was decorated with flags and flowers, and on a dais was placed a throne decked with the flags of Great Britain

and Ireland, Canada and France, with a profusion of flowers for a back-ground. A guard of honor was furnished from the Foot Guards, accompanied by their excellent band. After the presentation of the address, their Excellencies held a levee, at which a large number of citizens took their farewell.

On the next morning, at half-past seven o'clock, an immense number of people assembled at the dock to witness the departure of their Excellencies in the steamer Peerless. On the vessel, Mr. Richards, of the Quebec Bank, on behalf of a number of young gentlemen, presented Her Excellency with a magnificent bouquet and silver holder; and His Excellency presented a silver and bronze medal to the Dominion Day Celebration Committee, to be competed for in the sports on the national holiday. In saying "good-bye" to the Foot Guards in attendance, he said :

"In saying these few words of adieu, though I address them to you, they are equally intended for all Her Majesty's troops in the Dominion, of whose good conduct, whose zeal, and whose devotion to Her Majesty's service I have so often had such unmistakeable, and such satisfactory proof."

The parting was a painful one. Their Excellencies had so wound themselves around the hearts of the people of Ottawa that the scene did not bear the impress of officials moving to another sphere of action, it was more like that of dear and warm personal friends parting forever. Her Excellency was deeply agitated, and tears were seen in the eyes of many, who could not have betrayed more emotion had they been saying "farewell" to those connected with them by the closest ties of affectionate relationship.

Similar scenes occurred at Montreal, on their way to Quebec, in which city His Excellency established his headquarters during the remainder of his stay in Canada.

CHAPTER XI.

Degree of Doctor of Laws conferred on His Excellency at Harvard-His address on the occasion-Joint address of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Quebec to His Excellency, 22nd June, 1878-His reply in English and French-Settlement of the Northerly and Westerly boundary of Ontario by the award of Chief Justice Harrison, Sir F. Hincks and Sir Edward Thornton-Appointment of the Marquis of Lorne as Governor General of Canada— Work commenced on the “Dufferin " improvements in Quebec-Tour of their Excellencies through the Eastern Townships-His Excellency's speech at Granby-Address to Her Majesty by the British Columbia House of Assembly praying permission to withdraw from the Union unless the Railway settlement of 1874 be carried out by 1st May, 1879-Departure from Canada of Her Excellency, 31st August, 1878-Address of the Municipalities of Ontario to His Excellency, 5th September-His Excellency's reply---Degree of Doctor of Laws conferred on His Excellency by Laval University, Quebec, 11th September, 1878-Address-Reply in English and French-Address of St. Jean Baptiste Society, Quebec-Reply in English and French-General Elections-The fatal 17th September, 1878-Causes of the upheaval-The Constitutional question, whether the defeated Ministry should resign before the meeting of Parliament-The Ministry resign 9th October-His Excellency opens the Provincial Exhibition of Ontario in Toronto-Arrival in Toronto, 21st September -He attends a musical festival at Adelaide Street Rink-Address from Curling Club, presentation by them, and His Excellency's reply-Opens the Exhibition, 25th September-Address of the Agricultural and Arts Association -Reply-Visit to the Cairn, marking the site of Fort Rouille, A.D. 1749— Visit to Horticultural Grounds-Address from the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society-St. George's Society-Public School Board, and Commercial Travellers' Association-Replies-Visit to Central Prison-Citizens' demonstration in Queen's Park-Address of Corporation—Reply—Address of York County Council-Reply-Address of the Mayor and Corporation of the City of Hamil ton-Reply-Entertainment by the Ontario Society of Artists-Graceful speech of Mr. Howland, and His Excellency's reply-Letter to the Governor of the State of New York, suggesting an International Park at the Falls of NiagaraFac-simile of a duplicate of this letter-Inspection of Police Force, Toronto -Levee in City Council Chamber-Visit to St. Michael's Palace-Address of the Archbishop and Bishop-Reply-Address of Horticultural CommitteeFinal departure from Toronto-Return to Montreal-Formation of the new Ministry-His Excellency's final departure from Canada, 19th OctoberResumé of his administration.

In June, His Excellency attended the commencement exercises at