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Professor of Divinity now occupies the site. A wall was erected which also cut off one south division of the transept. The chapel of Jesus college, Cambridge, (of which Mr. Willis exhibited a plan,) was formed in a similar way from the nunnery church of the 12th century. It is recorded that at Christ Church the arrangement was intended to be only temporary, and that Wolsey had begun a new chapel on the north side of the great quadrangle, where his magnificent conceptions would scarcely have stopped short until he had rivalled or surpassed the chapel of King's at Cambridge, or the royal chapels of Windsor and Westminster.

The Professor afterwards, as usual, gave a further explanation of his views within the walls of the church itself.

At 4 o'clock a memoir on the Roman city of Silchester, by Henry Maclauchlan, esq. was read in the Early and Mediæval Section. It comprised the results of Mr. Maclauchlan's detailed survey of the site of Calleva, the adjacent works, lines of entrenchment, and ancient roads connected with it. The plan, made specially for the occasion, is the first accurate representation of these remarkable remains. It has been lithographed, and may be obtained on application at the office of the Institute. Mr. Maclauchlan gave also a summary of all the observations of preceding authors, and an account of all discoveries which have been made from time to time; and his memoir was illustrated by drawings of numerous ancient relics now preserved by the occupier of the site, Mr. Barton, with whose obliging permission the Institute were allowed to examine the vestiges of this great Roman work, and every facility afforded.

In the evening a very popular and interesting lecture was delivered at the Town Hall by Dr. Mantell,-" On the Remains of Man and Works of Art imbedded in Rocks and Strata, as illustrative of the Connection between Archæology and Geology." These observations had been suggested by the extraordinary treatise of M. Boucher de Perthes, entitled, " Antiquités Celtiques et Antediluviennes," comprising vague and erroneous conclusions in regard to supposed antediluvian relics of stone, which a slight acquaintance with geology would have enabled the author to avoid. Dr. Mantell discussed the conditions under which the relics of man or his works may become imbedded in the strata now in progress of formation; the occurrence of human bones, instruments, and coins, in, deposits of modern date; the presence of similar vestiges in more ancient sediments, associated with those of extinct animals; and the probability of discovering traces of the existence of the human race in the

earlier tertiary formations. Dr. Mantell cited and explained several singular examples of the supposed deposit of coins, nails, &c. in flint or solid stone; the conglomerates found on the Sussex coast near Hastings where a Dutch vessel had been stranded, and recovered from the wreck of the Thetis near Rio Janeiro; the latter consisting of a material resembling granite, interspersed with dollars, gold coins, and other objects of metal, in solid masses. He adverted also to the ferruginous conglomerate replete with coins of the Edwards, found in 1831, in the bed of the River Dove, near Tutbury; and the breccia inclosing Roman coins and pottery, from the bed of the Thames, of which he had received a striking specimen from Mr. C. Roach Smith, exhibited to the meeting. He explained the occurrence of fossil human skeletons in the limestone strata, of recent formation, at Guadaloupe, the discovery of which had excited so much interest. Dr. Mantell detailed also the remarkable facts connected with deposits in certain caves and fissures in England, such as "Kent's Hole," near Torquay, in which pottery, knives, and arrow-heads of silex, with other objects, had been found associated with remains of bears and extinct carnivora, the whole being covered by a crust of stalagmite, forming the floor of the cavern. He considered, however, that no sufficient proof exists of the coeval deposit of these singular remains.

Dr. Thurnham read a memoir on the examination of tumuli in Yorkshire, known as the "Danes Graves," recently excavated by the Yorkshire Antiquarian Club.

On Saturday, June 22, an excursion was made by railway to the Roman city of Silchester; and in the evening Dr. Daubeny, the Professor of Botany, gave a soirée in the Physic Gardens.

Monday, June 24. A considerable party of the Institute went this day an excursion to Uffington and the Vale of the White Horse. They visited the churches of Uffington, Woolstone, Sparsholt, and Wantage, Hardwell Camp, Wayland's Smithy, the encampment called Uffington Castle, and the Blowing Stone; and were entertained at Kingston Lisle by Martin Atkins, esq. In the meantime some business was pursued in the Sectional meetings at Oxford :—

In the HISTORICAL SECTION was read a paper by the Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D. on the line of the night march of King Charles I., June 3, 1644, in his escape from Oxford, between the Parliament's armies at Ensham and Woodstock. In the ARCHITECTURAL SECTION were read:

1. Some Extracts from the Building

Accounts of Wadham College, communicated by the Rev. John Griffiths, M.A. Fellow of that college. The first stone of this edifice was laid on the 31st July, 1610, and the chapel was consecrated on the 29th of June, 1613: no architect's name has been found, but the "head-workman" was apparently William Arnold, who received wages of 17. a week. He was probably related to Mr. John Arnold, the steward of the foundress. The most remarkable circumstance about this college is the entirely different character of the architecture of the chapel, and that of the antechapel, though both were clearly in progress at the same time. The chapel is of very fair Pointed architecture; the antechapel exceedingly debased in style, its windows corresponding with those of the hall. It is evident two entirely different sets of workmen were employed, and it was suggested in Mr. Jewitt's paper (which will be presently noticed) that the superior masons engaged on the chapel may have been brought from the county of Somerset, where the founder's estates were situated, and where ecclesiastical architecture was maintained in greater purity than in most other parts of the country. The stone was brought from Burford and various other places, and Magdalene college allowed the gratuitous use of its quarries, a favour which was acknowledged by a present of books. Timber was obtained from the Lord Norris.

The subject of the second paper was Abingdon Abbey: contributed by Miss Spenlove. It consisted of a long detail of its history, and a description of the present remains, accompanied by drawings made by Mr. A. S. Palmer.

Mr. Orlando Jewitt communicated an historical and synoptic memoir on the Jacobean Gothic Architectnre prevalent in Oxford. After remarking that the Divinity School remains as when built in the time of Humphrey duke of Gloucester, soon after 1480, with its handsome ambulatory, he noticed the fact that the east front of Bodley's building is panelled to correspond with the Divinity School. Sir Thomas Bodley died in 1613, and the first stone of the Schools was laid the day after his funeral. Selden's addition was made in 1634. Mr. Jewitt then proceeded to notice the building of Wadham college; and remarked that Trinity, Jesus, Exeter, St. John's, and almost all the other colleges have portions of post-Gothic architecture. Inigo Jones was employed at St. John's to build the second quadrangle, including the library, and the east front towards the garden. He also built the chapel of Lincoln college, which is one of the best specimens of the period. In the works at Brazenose, between 1656 and

1666, all the characteristic features of Gothic have vanished, the tracery being oval, but a roof of Gothic form is retained and one of the finest Gothic roofs in the University is that of the staircase at Christ Church, which was built as late as 1620. Mr. Jewitt concluded his paper with some account of Water Eaton, a mansion built by the Lord Lovelace, four miles from Oxford. The chapel was planned in the old ecclesiastical style, like the chapel of Wadham college, with screen, pulpit, and open seats; the house in the

new manner.

At two o'clock this day a Convocation was held in the Sheldonian Theatre, at which the Marquess of Northampton President of the Institute, and late Pres. R.S., and William H. Prescott, esq. the historian of Ferdinand and Isabella, were presented by Dr. Phillimore, the Regius Professor of Civil Law, for the honorary degree of D.C.L. The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A. of Trinity college, Cambridge, was admitted ad eundem in a Convocation held on Friday the 21st.

In the evening the Mayor gave a soirée to the Institute and to a large party of his fellow-citizens, at the Town hall. It was amply supplied with pictures, drawings, and books of prints, and an amateur concert was performed under the direction of Mr. Corfe.

Tuesday, June 25. The ARCHITECTURAL SECTION met this morning, when a paper on the Gothic Architecture of the Continent, by the Rev. Dr. Whewell, was read; and another on some of the peculiarities of Continental Churches, as to their form and arrangement, by A. Milward, esq.

The charters of the Corporation, some early deeds, and interesting autographs and seals, were exhibited by the Town Clerk, G. P. Hester, esq.

At half past twelve the concluding meeting was held in the Sheldonian Theatre, the Marquess of Northampton in the chair. Charles Tucker, esq. Hon. Sec. read the annual report. It announced that there had been an accession of 162 members during the year. Seven had withdrawn, and others had been lost by death; among whom were particularly noticed the Bishop of Norwich, the President of 1847; the Dean of Hereford, one of the most useful Vice-Presidents, and whose exertions in the cause of archæology on the downs of Wiltshire last year had possibly hastened his death; Mr. Stapleton, formerly a constant attendant of the Central Committee; Louis Hayes Petit, esq; and James Bandinel, esq. who died of cholera taken at Salisbury. To these names might very properly have been added that of Dr. Bromet, one of the

original members and most active promoters of the Institute, the news of whose death in Italy had not arrived before the preparation of the Report.

In lieu of the Vice-President and six members retiring from the Central Committee, according to annual custom, there were chosen-the Hon. R. C. Neville, F.S.A. as Vice-President; John Auldjo, esq. F.R.S.; W. Wynne Foulkes, esq.; Thomas William King, esq. F.S.A. York Herald; Henry Salusbury Milman, esq. M.A.; Alexander Nesbitt, esq. and the Rev. Stephen Rigaud, M.A. Assistant Master of Westminster School; and as Auditors, Chas. Desborough Bedford, esq. and George Vulliamy, esq.

The Secretary then read invitations from Newcastle upon Tyne and Lichfield to hold the meeting for 1852, and from Peterborough for 1851. It was mentioned that Chichester and St. Alban's were also desirous of welcoming the next meeting. The meeting at Peterborough was deferred because the Marquess of Northampton expects to be absent on the continent next summer; and it was finally agreed that the meeting of 1851 should take place at Bristol, a previous meeting of a single day being held at St. Alban's. Various votes of thanks were then proposed-to the noble President by the Vice-Chancellor, to the Vice-Chancellor by Sir Charles Anderson, to the Heads of Houses, &c. by Dr. Markland, to the Corporation by W. W. E. Wynne, esq. to the Curators of the Museums, &c. by the Rev. Hamilton Grey, to the Rev. William Sewell and other hospitable entertainers by the Rev. J. L. Petit, to Professor Willis by the Bishop of Oxford, to the contributors of papers by the Provost of Oriel, to the contributors to the Museum by the Rector of Exeter, to the officers of Sections by the Principal of Exeter, to the local Committee and the Rev. E. Hill the manager of excursions, to the Honorary Secretaries, &c. &c. After listening to many excellent addresses made in moving and acknowleging these thanks, and especially one from the Lord Bishop of Oxford, the assembly dispersed. Of the very interesting temporary museum which was formed at this meeting, we shall hope to give some account next month.

ST. ALBAN'S ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. The annual meeting of this Society was held at the Town-hall, St. Alban's, on Monday June 17th, the anniversary of the martyrdom of the British protomartyr St. Alban. The chair was occupied by the noble President of the Society, the Earl

of Verulam; and the attendance of the members and their friends was very numerous. From the annual report it is apparent that this Society is in earnest in the cause of medieval art and architecture, and that its working is eminently calculated to produce results equally beneficial and gratifying. The report, after adverting to the consecration and restoration of several churches within the county of Hertford during the previous twelve months, contains the following excellent remarks:

"Communications of the nature just referred to are especially invited; and the committee believe that much advantage would result if those who are engaged in church restoration in their several parishes will make the meetings of the Society the medium of communicating their experience to those who may be desirous of commencing similar restorations, but are less conversant with the principles on which such restorations should be effected; and possibly by such means the laudable spirit of restoration may still go on. Here are, surely, grounds for confidence: for, though there would be some who would mock and slight our work, there yet shall, and do, rise up men actuated by one common spirit, and each in his own sphere ready to labour for the honour of God's house. True, unhappily, that there is still much neglect, and some desecration, to lament: but a few years since this was all but universal. That the time may soon arrive when a neglected church shall be the exception, not the rule, is surely not too much to hope: and when this is the case, the low notion of very shame may induce the reluctant to give assistance and countenance our labours: then, and not till then, will societies like ours have accomplished their work, then will they no lenger require our support."

On the motion of Professor Donaldson, the report was adopted, after which several papers of the highest interest were read, one on the "Monastery of St. Alban's," by Rev. H. Hall, and one on "Ancient Seals," by Professor Donaldson: the latter subject was chosen for his essay by the learned Professor, in order to introduce a notice of a most remarkable seal of ivory or bone of the Norman period, which had recently been found in the abbey church. An able note upon this curious relic from Mr. Albert Way was also read by Rev. Dr. Nicholson, Rector of St. Alban's.

Before the adjournment of the meeting it was resolved that in future the Society should be entitled "The St. Alban's Architectural and Archæological Society."

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HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.

PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, June 17.

Lord Stanley, after giving his opinion at great length on the conduct of Ministers with respect to GREECE, concluded by moving that the House should resolve "That, while the House fully recognises the right and duty of the Government to secure to Her Majesty's subjects residing in foreign states the full protection of those states, it regrets to find by the correspondence recently laid upon the table by Her Majesty's command, that various claims against the Greek government, doubtful in point of justice or exaggerated in amount, have been enforced by coercive measures directed against the commerce and people of Greece, and calculated to endanger the continuance of our friendly relations with other powers."-The conduct of Lord Palmerston was defended by the Marquess of Lansdowne, but condemned by the Earl of Aberdeen, Viscount Canning, and Lord Brougham. Their Lordships divided Contents (including proxies) 169, Non-Contents 132, majority against Ministers 37.

July 1. The House went into Committee on the PARLIAMENTARY VOTERS (Ireland) Bill.-On clause 1, Lord Desart moved, as an amendment, that the minimum rating qualification necessary to confer the franchise upon tenants should be increased from 81. to 157.-The Marquess of Lansdowne opposed the amendment, enlarging upon the necessity which existed of placing the Irish electorate upon a real and substantial basis, and contended that the 87. rating was not too low.-Lord Stanley said, in his opinion, 157. was too low, but he was willing to vote for it as an approach to a sound system of qualification. The Marquess of Lansdowne of ferred to adopt the 121. qualification, as proposed in an amendment suggested by the Earl of St. German's; but this compromise not being accepted, their Lordships at length divided-For the clause 50; for Lord Desart's amendment 72.

July 2. The Earl of Harrowby moved for the appointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the expenditure of the public money granted annually for the pur. poses of EDUCATION. Detailing the chief features of the controversy now pending between the National Society and the

Committee of the Privy Council on Education, the noble Earl argued that the right of interference claimed by the council with all the schools which were to partake in the national grants, tended to shake and extinguish the efforts of individual zeal among a large portion of the clerical and lay members of the Established Church. By the system of supervision the whole body of schoolmasters was placed under the immediate control of the Privy Council, and the result was that the education of the people was checked on one side, and the privileges of the Church invaded on the other.-The Marquess of Lansdowne, from an official knowledge of the facts, declared that the system of inspection had worked well, and objected to the appointment of a select committee. Their Lordships divided-Contents, 26; Non-Contents, 31.

July 5. In Committee on the PARLIAMENTARY VOTERS (Ireland) Bill, Lord Stanley moved an amendment for the omission of the compulsory cause, urging that in Ireland, as in England, the elector should be obliged to prefer and substantiate his own claims before he should be admitted to the franchise; which was carried against the Ministry by a majority of 53 to 39.

July 15. The House went into Committee on the FACTORIES Bill, when the Earl of Harrowby moved an amendment similar to that which had been moved by Lord Ashley in the House of Commons, for the purpose of limiting the hours of work in the case of children.-Lord Stanley opposed the amendment, chiefly because it was a restriction on the millowners not contemplated by the Act of 1847.-The Committee divided, and the amendment was rejected by a majority of 58 to 25.The Duke of Richmond moved an amendment, with the view of making the measure really a ten-hours Bill. The amendment was similar to that moved in the House of Commons by Lord John Manners.-The Bishop of Ripon, Lord Stanley, and the Bishop of Oxford supported this amendment; the Bishop of Manchester and the Marquess of Lansdowne maintained the Bill as a compromise between the parties concerned.-The amend ment was defeated by a majority of 52 to 39, and the Bill passed through Committee.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.

June 14. The House went into Committee to consider the amendments of the FACTORIES Bill. After an amendment had been proposed by Sir George Grey, and adopted by the Committee, to prevent females above the age of eighteen from being employed in a manufactory after the prescribed hours, Lord Ashley moved an amendment to insert "no child," in certain clauses.-Sir George Grey opposed the amendment. The present Bill had nothing to do with children. The effect of the noble lord's amendment would be to place a material restriction on the working of the machinery in factories, and he could not consent to this. The Committee divided-For Lord Ashley's amendments, 159; against them, 160.-Lord J. Manners then moved an amendment, the purpose of which was to make the measure a tenhours Bill. The noble lord contended that it was the duty of the House to abide by its former legislation. After a lengthened discussion there appeared-For the amendment, 142; against it, 181. The Bill was then reported as amended.

June 17. The adjourned debate on the motion for the second reading of the LORD LIEUTENANCY ABOLITION (IRELAND) Bill was resumed by Mr. Anstey, who opposed the Bill.-Sir R. Peel was willing to support the measure as an experiment, although he had more misgivings of its beneficial results than he had ever entertained for any measure for which he voted. He strongly advised the Home Secretary to take the functions of the proposed Irish Secretaryship on himself. The House divided-For the second reading, 295; against it, 70.-The Bill was read a second time.

June 19. The second reading of the SCHOOL ESTABLISHMENTS (SCOTLAND) Bill was moved by Lord Melgund. The noble lord advocated the measure as extending the advantages of education in Scotland, and separating from the educational institutions those sectarian distinctions which are calculated to interfere with their utility. Sir G. Clerk eulogised the results of the parochial schools, and, believing that the supervision of the Established Church over education ought to be retained, moved that the Bill be read a second time that day six months.-The House divided-For the second reading, 94; for the amendment, 100.-The Bill is consequently lost.

June 21. On the motion for going into Committee of Supply, Mr. G. A. Hamilton moved an address to the Queen, praying that the national system of EDUCATION IN IRELAND should be so altered as to remove the conscientious objections of a GENT. MAG, VOL. XXXIV.

large majority of the members and ministers of the Established Church.-Mr. Walpole seconded the resolution.-Sir W. Somerville opposed the motion, and declared the objections expressed against the national system to be founded either in mistake or upon bigoted motives.-Lord J. Russell contended that under the national system the children in the schools had expanded from 107,000 to 480,000 between 1832 and 1849. He refused to change an institution which had worked so well for the seventeen years during which it had been tried.-On a division the resolution was negatived by 225 votes to 142-majority, 83.

The

June 24. Mr. Roebuck moved the following resolution (in consequence of the vote of the House of Peers on the 17th), "That the principles upon which the FOREIGN POLICY of the Government has been regulated have been calculated to maintain the honour and dignity of this country, and in times of unexampled difficulty to preserve peace between England and foreign nations."-Sir J. Graham, testifying from long personal knowledge and official connection to the high and patriotic motives by which the Foreign Secretary was generally actuated, yet could not in honour and truth vote for a resolution declaring that the foreign policy of the Government was the best calculated to preserve the dignity of the country and peace with the rest of the world. debate was continued in the following evening, when Lord Palmerston defended his policy in a speech which occupied four hours and three quarters in delivery, and was considered a masterly effort of parliamentary oratory. The debate was again adjourned to the 27th, and to the 28th.On the last evening Sir Robert Peel addressed the House, as it unfortunately proved, for the last time. He had given his conscientious support to ministers because he had cor ly approved of their policy in don. monetary, and There were occasio. ported their foreign not come forward to was asked to give his approval of the whole, and to affirm principles ten-fold more important than the saving of a Government. Was it not the wisest policy to hold the doctrine recognised by Mr. Fox, Mr. Pitt, and Mr. Canning, that the true policy of this country was non-interference? He believed that the cause of constitutional liberty would only be encumbered by our help, whilst by obtruding it, we should involve this country in incalculable difficulties. For these reasons he should dissent from the motion.-The 2 C

affairs, commercial, lation to Ireland. which he had supicy, which he did ondemn; but he

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