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liar words which occur in one of Junius's private letters to Woodfall. "Lord Nugent thinks that the use of this expression conclusively shows Richard Burke to have been Junius." Sir F. Dwarris thinks it "only shews perhaps that he was one of the faction." We do not look upon it as conclusive in favour of either supposition. Sir F. Dwarris is evidently well acquainted with the whole subject, and we do not see why he should have printed this letter privately. His next impression should be addressed to the public. The matter is one of public interest, and a person so well informed about it as Sir F. Dwarris will be listened to with pleasure.

The Lighted Valley; or the closing scenes of the Life of Abby Bolton. By one of her Sisters. With a Preface by her Grandfather, the Rev. William Jay, Bath. 8vo. 1850.-A narrative of the life and lingering passage through the valley of death of a granddaughter of a well known venerable Christian patriarch. Abby Bolton was one of the thirteen children of the

Rev. Robert Bolton and Ann Jay, daughter of the Rev. William Jay of Bath. She was born at Henley-upon-Thames in 1827, and died at Pelham Priory, near New York, the present residence of her parents, on the 16th June, 1849.

Annuaire de la Société des Antiquaires de France, 1850. Paris.-Besides the customary lists of members of the Society, notices of the more distinguished members lately deceased, and minutes of the Society's proceedings during the past year, together with an Index to the Transactions of the Academie Celtique, the Annuaire for the present year contains an edition of the several existing Roman Itineraries of Gaul, that is to say, those from the Peutingerian or Theodosian table, those from the Antonine Itineraries, and the Itinerary from Bordeaux to Jerusalem. The first is published in reduced facsimile; the others from the edition of Berlin, 1848, with the various readings of many MSS. To these is added an account of the several Roman milliaries relating to Gaul now known to be in existence, viz. that of Tungres in the national collection of antiquities at Brussels, and those at Autun and Alichamp; together with a Roman inscription relating to the Geography of Gaul found at Nimes. These are all well edited by M. Léon Renier, with brief useful notes and admirable indexes. We desire to direct the attention of English antiquaries to this sensible unpretending publication. A similar edition of the Itineraries of Britain would be a very

valuable contribution to historical and geographical science.

The History of Ancient Art among the Greeks. Translated from the German of John Winckelmann. By G. Henry Lodge. 8vo. Lond. This is a reprint of an American translation of the second volume of Winckelmann's great work. A single word in commendation of the admirable original is of course unnecessary. The translation is carefully and often elegantly executed; the part here published is complete in itself, and the illustrations are of a very creditable and useful kind-good specimens of Day's excellent lithography. We are delighted to observe and welcome that growing love of art in America of which this work is an evidence.

Phases of Faith; or passages from the history of my creed. By Francis William Newman, formerly Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Post 8vo. Lond. 1850.This book details a melancholy history. A gentleman brought up in a religious home, and educated at a Christian university, casts off, one by one, the articles of his faith, not only as a Protestant, but even as a Christian. The belief which is at few words-there is a deity who sympalength arrived at, is summed up in these thises with individual man. The book before us is an autobiographical detail of the successive steps by which this sad result was arrived at, and, as far as we can judge, it is written with candour. Indeed, one cannot conceive any but a person possessed of a certain amiable candour sitting down to write such a self-condemnatory and humiliating detail. The objections to which the dearest articles of our faith were one by one surrendered are so perfectly childish and puerile, have been so often refuted, and are so palpably baseless, that the enumeration of them, with the statement of the way in which they were yielded to, can only excite a profound and sorrowful impression of the mental weakness of the writer. The author is a brother of that Mr. Newman who has lately attained a celebrity so melancholy at Oxford. brother goes off into infidelity, the other into Romanism. Both are probably the honest victims of that peculiar unhealthy quality of mind which is for ever dwelling upon, and magnifying and distorting mere cobweb difficulties.

One

De la Decadence de l'Angleterre, par Ledru Rollin. Paris. 1850. 2 tom. 8vo. The Decline of England, by Ledru Rollin, vol. i. London. 8vo. Churton. Ignorance of England, and an utter inability to understand our national peculiarities and

institutions, is a part of the French character. To this quality of ignorance - always useful in writing a book M. Ledru Rollin adds a very competent amount of hatred, called into action by the circumstance, that, having sought shelter in this country against the just indignation of his fellow-countrymen, we have given him what he sought, but have not entertained him with so much honour as he considers himself entitled to have received at our hands. His book is just the composition which might be expected from the guidance of two such qualities. Its blunders and misrepresentations are utterly inconceivable. Building upon obsolete authorities, on the veracious statements of the Black-Book, and on the violent tirades of party politicians in the last century, he represents us, politically, as a nation in a state of all-but slavery, ground to the earth by a hard aristocracy which has engrossed to itself the Church, the law, the land, the universities-every thing. We have no freedom of the press; the people do not return the house of commons; they do not serve on juries; they have not the power of assembling in pub

lic meetings; the Habeas Corpus Act is a delusion! In delineating our social condition, the author has taken the recent letters published in the "Morning Chronicle," descriptive of the condition of certain classes of our metropolitan population, as a representation of our national status. Culling the most piquant passages, he has put them forth as a sample of our whole condition; the conclusion being, that we want a revolution, like that of Paris in February 1848, to set us free and give us happiness.

Mr. Churton has provided a cheap translation for those who desire to read such perilous stuff. Those who do so should beware of doing France the injustice of supposing that M. Ledru Rollin speaks the general voice of his countrymen. stands alone, a foolish, impetuous, virulent man, proscribed by his own country

men.

He

Intelligent men all over the world will reject the conclusions of his firebrand book, as unanimously as his countrymen have rejected himself from the high authority to which he was raised by one of the accidents of an accidental revolution.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

The new examination statute has at length been accepted by Convocation in all its essential parts. It will partially affect some present students, and all undergraduates matriculated in Lent term, 1850, or subsequently, will come under its provisions unavoidably. Its more important provisions are as follow:

1. Undergraduates must present them. selves for Responsions on the new system in their third, fifth, or seventh term, or else in their fourth or sixth term, according as they shall have entered in Lent and Act, or in Michaelmas and Easter terms. Those who enter in the former two terms may go up earlier and later, and have one more opportunity of going up within the standing prescribed by the statute, than those who enter in the latter two terms. For Responsions they must offer one Greek and one Latin book, or portions of such books, somewhat less, if they please, than is at present required: two books of Euclid, and arithmetic, probably to the extraction of the cube root; or, in lieu of arithmetic, algebra. The same piece of English prose to be translated into Latin will be set to the candidates, and all will have the same grammatical questions on paper.

2. They will have to pass the first

public examination before the Moderators; those entered in Lent or Act terms, in their eighth, tenth, or twelfth term; those entered in Easter or Michaelmas terms, in their ninth or eleventh term of standing. Those, however, who have entered in Lent term, 1850, will not be able to pass that examination before Easter term, 1852, in their tenth term, this being the first occasion on which it will be held. Those who enter in Easter and Act terms, 1850, will also be able to go up in Easter, 1852, being their ninth and eighth terms of standing respectively.

To pass this examination, ordinary candidates must offer one Latin and one Greek book (other than those offered up at responsions), one of which must be a poet and the other an orator; the four Gospels in Greek; and either logic or three books of Euclid and algebra. They will have a piece of English to translate into Latin (the same for all); a paper of syntactical questions, and probably some other papers.

Candidates for classical honours will have to bring up the four Gospels; the great writers of antiquity, poets and orators specially, Homer, Virgil, Cicero, Demosthenes being recommended by name; logic, if they wish to be in the first division of honours; otherwise Euclid and

algebra. They will have passages from their Greek and Latin authors to translate

into English prose. They will also be allowed to exhibit proficiency in verse composition. Critical and other papers will be set; and, translations into Latin and Greek. It is supposed that four Latin and four Greek books will be an ample list.

Candidates for mathematical honours will bring up pure mathematics.

The names of all who pass are to be printed at the end of the class-paper at both examinations.

3. They will have to pass their final examination in two schools. Necessarily, in the school of Literæ Humaniores in their thirteenth term at the earliest; and, if candidates for honours, in their eighteenth at the latest. Those who enter in Lent and Act may go up in their fourteenth, sixteenth, and eighteenth terms; those who enter in Easter and Michaelmas, in their thirteenth, fifteenth, and seventeenth.

Honours are not to be awarded to those who shall have exceeded their eighteenth term. The subjects for passmen are the four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, Sacred History; the subjects of the books of the New and Old Testament, Evidences, and the Articles; One philosopher and one historian, Greek or Latin, but not books brought up at responsions. There will be no translation into Latin; but papers of questious will be set, and passages from the books brought up for translation into English. -Classmen may take up one or more of the apostolical epistles and ecclesiastical history, and must take up logic if they aim at a first or second class. The Greek and Latin languages, ancient history, chronology, geography, rhetoric, poetics, politics, ethics, will be brought up as under the present system; and these subjects may be illustrated by modern writers.

All must pass in one of three other schools, but not necessarily in the same term as they pass in the first school.

1st. The mathematical. Minimum, six books of Euclid, or the first part of algebra. For honours, pure and mixed mathematics.

2nd. Natural science. Minimum, the principles of two of these three parts of natural philosophy, namely, mechanical philosophy, chemistry, physiology; and an acquaintance with some one branch of science falling under mechanical philosophy. Candidates for honours will require a knowledge of the principles of these three parts of science.

3rd. Law and History. Minimum, English history from the Conquest to the end of Henry VII.'s reign, or from the

accession of Henry VIII. to that of George I. And either Blackstone on Real Property for those who take up the earlier portion of English history, or Blackstone on Personal Property and the Rights of Persons for those who take up the latter portion of English history; or in lieu of Blackstone the Institutes of Justinian.

Candidates for honours may bring up, besides what is expected from ordinary candidates, Adam Smith on the Wealth of Nations; Modern History to any extent before the year 1793; International Law; and must bring up Civil Law.

The best text books will doubtless, as regards the new schools, be recommended publicly by the University Professors, whose sphere of usefulness will, it is hoped, be much enlarged by the intended changes.

Those who are acquainted with the present system will observe that the chief alteration consists in the substitution of three separate examinations for the two now used, and the introduction of new subjects in the final examination for honours. The present period for the "Responsions in the Parvise"-some of our readers may be interested to hear that this old name is still preserved-is anticipated in order to admit the new and intermediate examination at the end of the second year. The opportunity for the display of scholarship and criticism will be at the second examination. In the final examination for honours, as it is at present constituted, there are two schools, one for the mathematical sciences; the other for a mixture of subjects, including the classical languages and criticism, ancient history, moral philosophy, and logic, under which latter heads metaphysics and the history of philosophy are introduced. Most of these subjects, so far as they can be entered into in an academical course, are now to be disposed of at the second examination. By this change, a place is found for the new subjects of recognised study, namely, natural science, the rudiments of the civil or the common law, and modern history, the last, we are sorry to see, confined to the periods above stated. Political economy, the study of which is of paramount importance in the present day to all who have a voice in public affairsin other words to all educated Englishmen--is also introduced; but we trust the examiners and students will not confine their questions and their reading to Adam Smith. We congratulate Oxford on a change, which, inasmuch as it has been carried through mainly by the exertions of those who are at present engaged in the active work of education there, is so honourable to the University. We

confidently hope it will justify the expectations of its supporters; and, by adding a fresh impetus to the intellectual activity of the place, will increase the usefulness and enhance the honours of Oxford.

May 25. The prizes this year have been awarded as follows:

Chancellor's Prizes. Latin Verse," Herodotus apud Olympiam Musas suas recitans," J. H. Abrahall, Commoner of Balliol. English Essay, "The Ancients and Moderns compared in regard to the Administration of Justice," G. O. Morgan, B.A. Fellow of Worcester, and Craven Scholar. Latin Essay, "Quamobrem tanto studio apud Græcos servata fuerint, tanto neglectu apud Romanos obruta, Artis Poeticæ primordia, " Edm. St. John Parry, B.A. Balliol.

Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize. "The Niger," W. A. Russell, Lusby Scholar, Magdalen Hall.

These prize compositions were recited in the Theatre after the Creweian oration at the commemoration, which took place on the 12th June. On the same occasion the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law was then conferred on General Viscount Gough, G.C.B., late Commanderin-Chief of the Forces in India; the Hon. Sir Edward Hall Alderson, Knight, one of the Barons of Her Majesty's Court of Exchequer; Major Henry C. Rawlinson, C.B.; Major Herbert Benjamin Edwardes, C.B.; and John Ayrton Paris, M.D. F.R.S. President of the College of Physicians.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. June 4. The Porson Prize for Greek verse has been adjudged to William Owen, of St. John's College. Subject-Merchant of Venice, act 5, scene 1. Lorenzo"How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!" To the words- "Let no man be trusted."

The medal, given annually by the Marquess Camden, for the best exercise in Latin Hexameter Verse, has been adjudged to James Lampriere Hammond, of Trinity College. Subject-" Mare Arcticum."

June 10. The Chancellor's gold medal for the best English ode on the late Queen Adelaide has been adjudged to Julian Fane, of Trinity College.

Sir William Browne's Medals have been adjudged to the under-mentioned:- Greek Ode Philip Perring, Trinity College. Latin Ode Wm. Raynes, Clare Hall. Epigrams-Wm. Wayte, King's College.

DISSENTERS' NEW COLLEGE.

May 11. The foundation stone of New College, St. John's Wood, was laid by Mr. Remington Mills. This college is the re

sult of the union of the three Colleges known by the names of Highbury, Homerton, and Coward, supported by the Independent Dissenters, for the education of theological students. The new college will combine all the strength of the old three, and the classes are to be divided into two faculties, one of Arts and the other of Theology. The former will be open to lay students, and consists of chairs of Latin and Greek, Mathematics, Moral and Mental Philosophy, and Natural History. The edifice now in course of erection will be a handsome Elizabethan structure. The classes open in October next.

ROYAL SOCIETY.

June 6. The Annual election of Fellows was held, the Earl of Rosse, President, in the chair. His lordship informed the meeting that the Council had carefully considered the disposal of the Government grant of 1,000l. annually, for the promotion of scientific research, and would recommend its award accordingly; also, that in conformity with the representation of the Council, a grant would be made by Government, to enable the Board of Ordnance to publish the scientific portion of the Ordnance Survey; and, lastly, that they concur in the recommendation of the British Association, made last year, for the establishment of a large reflecting telescope at the Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. The statutes relative to the election of Fellows having been read, the votes of those present were collected, and the scrutators announced that, out of twenty-seven candidates, the election had fallen on the following gentlemen :- -William Henry Barlow, esq.; George Busk, esq.; Thomas Blizard Curling, esq.; George Edward Day, M.D.; Warren De la Rue, esq.; William Fairbairn, esq.; Robert James Graves, M.D.; Levett Landen Boscawen Ibbetson, esq.; Charles Handfield Jones, M.B.; James P. Joule, esq.; John Fletcher Miller, esq.; Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson; Edward Schunck, esq.; Daniel Sharpe, esq.; and John Tomes, esq.

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

May 11. This was the twenty-seventh anniversary, and John Shepherd, esq. Chairman of the East India Company, was in the chair. The annual report began with the usual statement of deaths and resignations of members, and new elections; and proceeded with a tribute of regret to those of the deceased fellows who were generally known as having taken an active share in advancing the objects or promoting the welfare of the society. Among these, the names of Sir Charles

Forbes, Sir Graves Haughton, Mr. Louis Hayes Petit, and Sir Archibald Galloway, claimed a distinguished place. The obituary of Sir Graves Haughton entered into considerable detail of that gentleman's learned career, from the time when his extraordinary attainments in India were rewarded by medals and prizes, to the period when his philological and scientific publications made his name familiar to the learned world. The report then went on to congratulate the Society on the appearance of the first fruits of Major Rawlinson's researches in the ancient history of Assyria and Babylonia, in the Society's Journal. Allusion was made to the portrait of Professor Wilson, the director, which had been presented to the Society by a large body of the members, as a mark of their respect for the unweared exertions of that gentleman in promoting the cause of Oriental literature. The notice of the members was directed to the portrait of the daughter of the Governor of Shanghi, painted by her father, for the express purpose of presenting it to the lady of the British Consul in that city; also, to a large plan of a portion of Cashmere, painted by a native artist. The accession of new books of interest was mentioned; among others, the Rig Veda, published at the expense of the East India Company; the new edition of the Zend Avesta, by Professor Brockhaus; and the first portion of the Bibliotheca Indica, from Calcutta. The finances of the society came next under review; an excess of expenditure over income, and a decrease of the reserved balance was mentioned; and it was regretted that the exertions of the society in bringing out so many valuable contributions to Oriental literature and archæology should not meet with a more liberal support. The report then announced a proposed revision of the rules of the Society, by which facilities would be given for the introduction of temporary sojourners here from the East. The report of the Oriental Translation Committee promised the publication shortly of another portion of the Travels of Evluja Effendi, by the Baron Hammer Purgstall; and stated that the celebrated Makámat-alHariri, by the Rev. T. Preston, was in the press. The completion of the fifth volume of Haji Khalfa's Lexicon was also mentioned; also the preparation of a translation from the Ecclesiastical Biography of the Syrian Church, by the Rev. W. Cureton, and of Utbi's Kitab-al-Yamini, by the Rev. J. Reynolds. The officers of the preceeding year were reelected, and the following gentlemen were elected into the Couucil:-James Atkinson, N. Bland, Beriah Botfield, esqs.; GENT. MAG. VOL. XXXIV.

Maj.-Gen. J. Briggs; Capt. W. J. Eastwick; J. Fergusson, G. Forbes, J. MacPherson Macleod, esqs. ; Rear-Adm. Sir C. Malcolm; Major J. A. Moore; Maj.-Gen. Sir Wm. Morison; W. H. Morley, E. C. Ravenshaw, L. R. Reid, esqs.; Lieut.-Col. W. H. Sykes; and W. S. W. Vaux, esq.

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.

June 5. At the Anniversary Meeting of this Society, Capt. Smyth, R.N. F.R S., &c. the President, was in the chair. Since the last anniversary the accession of new members had been twenty-two, while the resignations were only five, and the total number of Fellows was 727. The funded property consists of 2,2241. with a balance at the banker's of 3411. 6s. 1ld. without any accounts outstanding. Dur. ing the last year 500 books and pamphlets, five atlases, and 250 maps and charts had been received; and the library now includes upwards of 4,000 volumes, many of which were of great rarity and value, 150 atlases, more than 1,000 pamphlets, and 10,000 maps and charts. The council has applied to Government for a set of apartments, in which the extensive geographical collection belonging to the Society might be rendered more generally available to the public. The Society has, in less than twenty years, expended 7,000%. upon a Journal disseminating geographical information in every part of the world, and upwards of 4,0007. in furtherance of various exploring expeditions, the results of which, especially that to Guayana, had been of great national utility. The Patron's, or Victoria, gold medal was placed in the hands of the Hon. Abbott Lawrence, the American Ambassador, for transmission to his distinguished countryman, Colonel Fremont; and a letter was read to Alderman Challis and the Rev. Dr. Tidman, as representatives of the London Missionary Society, informing them that in consideration of the services of the Rev. David Livingstone, of South Africa, in successfully conducting the expedition of Messrs. Oswell and Murray to the great Lake of Ngami, the Council had directed that twenty-five guineas, the remaining portion of the annual royal premium for the Encouragement of Geographical Science and Discovery," should be presented to Mr. Livingstone, together with a letter signifying to him the high opinion entertained by this Society of his exertions. The Presidential address on the progress of geography during the past year was next read; and the anniversary dinner was held at the Thatched House Tavern, Sir Roderick I. Murchison in the chair.

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