1

life; and in which the only end assigned to man is his personal comfort !

2. What! was it for such a society of beavers and of bees, a society rather of skillful animals than of men free and civilized, — was it for such, that the French revolution was accomplished ? Not so! It was for a greater, a more sacred end ; one more worthy of humanity.

3. But Socialism professes to be the legitimate development of Democracy. I shall not search, as many have done, into the true etymology of this word Democracy. I shall not, as gentlemen did yesterday, traverse the garden of Greek roots, to find the derivation of this word. I shall point you to Democracy, where I have seen it, living, active, triumphant; in the only country in the world where it truly exists, where it has been able to establish and maintain, even to the present time, something grand and durable to claim our admiration, - in the New World, - in America.

4. There shall you see a people, among whom all conditions of men are more on an equality even than among us; where the social state, the manners, the laws, - everything is democratic; where all emanates from the people, and returns to the people ; and where, at the same time, every individual enjoys a greater amount of liberty, a more entire independence, than in any other part of the world, at any period of time; a country, I repeat it, essentially democratic; the only Democracy in the wide world at this day; and the only republic, truly Democratic, which we know of in history. And in this republic you will look in vain for Socialism.

5. Not only have the theories of the Socialists gained no possession there of the public mind, but they have played so trifling a part in the discussions and affairs of that great nation, that they have not even reached the dignity of being feared.

6. America is at this day that country, of the whole world, where the sovereignty of Democracy is most practical and complete ; and it is at the same time that where the doctrines of the Socialists, which you pretend to find so much in accordance with Democracy, are the least in vogue; the country, of the whole universe, where the men sustaining those doctrines would have the least chance of making an impression. For myself personally, I do not see, I confess, any great objection to the emigration of these proselyting gentlemen to America ; but I warn them that they will not find there any field for their labors.

7. No, gentlemen, Democracy and Socialism are the antipodes of each other. While Democracy extends the sphere of individual independence, Socialism contracts it. Democracy develops a man's whole manhood, Socialism makes him an agent, an instrument, a cipher. Democracy and Socialism assimilate on one point only, - the equality which they introduce; but mark the difference: Democracy seeks equality in liberty, while Socialism seeks it in servitude and constraint.

LXXVII.

- IAGO AND OTHELLO.

SHAKESPEARE.

The following dialogue is from the third scene of the third act of the trage dy of Othello. The villain lago, after having, in a previous scone (wee p.18+ 234), enticed Cassio into drunkenness, and then persuaded him to beg tha virtuous Desdemona, Othello's wife, to intercede for him (Cassio) with her husband, here artfully begins to provoke Othello's jeklousy of the innocent Cassio.

See in Index, FINELESS, REVOLT, IAGO, SHAKE_PEARE.

Iago. My noble lord
Oth. What dost thou say, Iago ?

Iago. Did Michael Cassio, when you wooed my lady, Know of

your

love? Oth. He did, from first to last. Why dost thou ask ?

Iago. But for a satisfaction of my thought;
No further harm.

Oth. Why of thy thought, Iago ?
Iago. I did not think he had been acquainted with

her.
Oth. O yes; and went between us very

oft. Iago. Indeed ?

Oth. Indeed ! ay, indeed: discern’st thou aught in that?
Is he not honest ?

Iago. Honest, my lord ?
Oth. Ay, honest.
lago. My lord, for aught I know.
Oth. What dost thou think?
lago. Think, my lord ?

Oth. Think, my lord! Thou echo'st me,
As if there were some monster in thy thought
Too hideous to be shown. Thou dost mean something :
I heard thee say but now, thou lik’dst not that,
When Cassio left my wife: what didst not like?
And, when I told thee he was of my counsel
my

whole course of wooing, thou cri’dst, “ Indeed!"
And didst contract and purse thy brow together,
As if thou then hadst shut up in thy brain
Some horrible conceit. If thou dost love me,
Show me thy thought.

Iago. My lord, you know I love you.

Oth. I think thou dost :
And for I know thou art full of love and honesty,
And weigh’st thy words before thou giv'st them breath
Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more:
For such things, in a false, disloyal knave,
Are tricks of custom ; but, in a man that 's just,
They are close denotements, working from the heart,
That passion cannot rule.

Iago. For Michael Cassio, -
I dare be sworn,

-I think that he is honest. Oth. I think so too.

In

Iago. Men should be what they seem :
Or, those that be not, would they might seem none !

Oth. Certain, men should be what they seem.
Iago. Why, then, I think Cassio 's an honest man.

Oth. Nay, yet there's more in this.
I pray thee, speak to me as to thy thinkings,
As thou dost ruminate ; and give thy worst
Of thoughts the worst of words.

Iago. Good my lord, pardon me;
Though I am bound to every act of duty,
I am not bound to that all slaves are free to.
Utter my thoughts? Why, say, they are vile and false, -
As where's that palace, whereinto foul things
Sometimes intrude not?

Oth. Thou dost conspire against thy friend, Iago,
If thou but think'st him wronged, and mak'st his ear
A stranger to thy thoughts.

Iago. I do beseech you,
Though I, perchance, am vicious in my guess,
(As I confess it is my nature's plague
To spy into abuses, and oft my jealousy
Shapes faults that are not,) that your wisdom yet,
From one that so imperfectly conceits,
Would take no notice; nor build yourself a trouble
Out of his scattering and unsure observance :
It were not for your quiet, nor your good,
Nor for my manhood, honesty, or wisdom,
To let you know my thoughts.

Oth. What dost thou mean?
Iago. Good name, in man and woman,

dear

my lord, Is the immediate jewel of their souls : Who steals my purse, steals trash : 't is something, nothing; ’T was mine, 't is his, and has been slave to thousands; But he that filches from me my good name, Robs me of that which not enriches him, And makes me poor indeed.

Oth. I'll know thy thoughts —

Iago. You cannot, if my heart were in your hand ; Nor shall not, whilst 't is in my custody.

Oth. Ha!

Iago. O, beware, my lord, of jealousy ;
It is the green-eyed monster, which doth make
The meat it feeds on.

Oth. O, misery!

Iago. Poor, and content, is rich, and rich enough;
But riches, fineless, is as poor as winter,
To him that ever fears he shall be poor :-
Good heaven, the souls of all my tribe defend
From jealousy!

Oth. Why! why is this?
Think'st thou, I'd make a life of jealousy,
To follow still the changes of the moon
With fresh suspicions ? No; to be once in doubt,
Is once to be resolved.
'T is not to make me jealous,
To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company,
Is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well;
Wheré virtue is, these are more virtuous :
Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw
The smallest fear, or doubt of her revolt ;
For she had eyes, and chose me. No, Iago;
I'll see, before I doubt; when I doubt, prove ;
And, on the proof, there is no more but this,
Away at once with love, or jealousy.

LXXVIII.

THE BEDRIDDEN BOY.

CHARLES DICKENS.

The following extract is from the fortieth chapter of Dickens's “Nicholas Nickleby.” The style exhibits that mixture of pathos and humor which we meet with so often in the common events of life, and for his happy presentation of which Dickens has earned a merited celebrity. The colloquial passages should be made as nearly natural in the delivery as the reader's conception will allow.

See in Index, MIGNONETTE, TINY, DICKENS.

1. “A FINE morning, Mr. Linkin water," said Nicholas, entering the office. “Ah!” replied Tim,“ talk of