386

latest treatise on the subject, we observe is now ready.

The works of John Hookham Frere may be noticed in this place, although his most substantial claim to remembrance rests upon his admirable translation of Aristophanes. But he was an M. P. and a diplomatist, the intimate friend of Canning, and one of the chief contributors to the parody and satire of the Anti Facobin.

In Physical Science, the chief work to be noted is Prof. Huxley's "Manual of the Anatomy of the Vertebrated Animals," which will at once take its place as the best text book on the subject. "The Forms of Water in Clouds, Rain, Rivers, Ice and Glaciers," by Prof. Tyndall, is the first of the International Scientific Series to be published simultaneously in London, Paris, Leipzic, and New York. A list of contributors has been announced; amongst the rest Profs. Huxley, Bain, Quetelet, Ramsay, Dr. Carpenter, Sir John Lubbock, and Mr. Herbert Spencer. "Corals and Coral Islands," an illustrated work by Prof. Dana will shortly appear. Manual of Anthropology," by Charles Bray, author "A of the " Philosophy of Necessity," is an eclectic work, instructive in character and abounding in humour and feeling. Sir Jno. Lubbock's valuable work, "Pre-historic Times, as illustrated by Ancient Remains, and the Manners and Customs of Modern Savages,' " and Tylor's "Primitive Culture," learned and candidly written view of human develop ment, based upon the theory of Evolution, have both been reprinted in the United States. In Archaeology, "Rude Stone Monuments of all Ages," by Ferguson, the author of the History of Architecture, and "Ancient America, in notes on American Archaeology, by Mr. Baldwin, M. A., are note worthy. We may add that Mr. Timb's useful Year Book of Facts in Science and Art, with a portrait of Sir W. Thomson, President of the British Association, has just made its appearance. In Art, may be mentioned the issue of the third part of Gustave Doré's "London, a Pilgrimage.'

a

"The History of the Gothic Revival," by Chas. L. Eastlake, is an attempt to show how far the taste for medieval architecture was retained in England during the last two centuries and has been re-developed in the present. of Sculpture" is a handsome and valuable illustrated "The British School work published by Messrs. Virtue. "Etcher's Hand Book" Hamerton's may also be commended as useful, both as a practical and a critical guide. The Rev. Mr. Haweis' work, "Music and Morals,' which is most delightful in style and matter, has been reprinted by the Harpers; we shall probably notice it at greater length hereafter.

"At Home with the Patagonians" is a very curious record of Travel, by Mr. Musters, a retired Commander of the Royal Navy. The author gives a curious account of his " trodden ground." It seems that he actually proposed year's wandering over unto marry and settle there, but the match was broken off; on a demand on the part of his betrothed's friends that his revolver should be made over to them. "South Sea Bubbles," by the Earl and the Doctor, is an exceedingly racy narrative of a yacht-cruise amongst the Islands of the Southern Pacific. The Earl is understood to be the young Earl of Pembroke. Dr. Edward Prime's "Round the World," is interest

ing enough to reward perusal, and so is Mr. Hepworth Dixon's "Switzers," although the amount of fresh information contained in them is not large. Taine's "Notes on England," translated by Mr. W. periodical literature of England, ought to command F. Rae, a well known contributor to the high-class general attention in their revised and collected form. "New Homes for the Old Country," is a book on Powell, a son of the celebrated Savillian Professor. Australia and New Zealand by Geo. S. BadenWe only mention it, to give expression to our regret that no Canadian Colonist has yet been found to do a similar service on behalf of this Dominion.

In Biography and History we have the usual
abundance. The Duc D' Aumale has made his ap-
pearance in the literary field with "Lives of the
Princes of the House of Condé. Carl Elze's Life of
Byron" has been reprinted, on this side, and although
important particulars, it will repay perusal as a
it contains no new information and errs in several
foreign estimate of the poet.
Memoir of his brother Robert is a healthy book, in
Wm. Chambers'
every sense-the record of struggling aspirations and
untiring perseverance with their ultimate reward.
Thomas Cooper, formerly known as the Chartist,
and author of "The Purgatory of Suicides," has
issued an autobiography. The second series of Miss
fourth volume of Ernest Curtius' History of Greece,
Mitford's delightful letters will appear shortly. The
extending to the death of Epaminondas, has appeared
in England. Mr. Freeman's "History of the Nor-
man Conquest," to which we have already referred,
is now complete. Mr. Nassau Molesworth's "His-
tory of England since 1830," is a useful record of
the events of the last forty years.
"Edward III." is not to be the only Historical
Mr. Longman's
work by a publisher. Mr. Adam Black has taken
the field with a "Political History of the Times.
"Our Empire in Asia; how we came by it, a Book
of Confessions," by W. M. Torrens, M. P., is a very
severe attack upon the annexation policy in India,
and urges that some independent court of arbitration
should be established to decide equitably between
the Crown and the native princes. Another war
by Col. Otto Corvin. We may note the re-issue of
history has appeared "In France with the Germans,
Taine's "English Literature" (Vols. I. and II.) by
Holt & Williams, New York, and the announce-
ment, in England, of a second series of Earl Star-
hope's "Historical Miscellanies."

there is nothing worthy of special mention. Mr.
In Belles Lettres, so far as poetry is concerned,
Tennyson was said to be engaged on a poem on the
illness of the Prince of Wales; and Mr. Browning
is also reported to be writing a popular poem on a
Jeaffreson's
popular subject. The most popular and commend-
able novels of the month, we shall merely name:-
"A Woman in spite of Herself";
Kilgobbin, a Tale of Ireland in our own Time, by
Bruna's Revenge, by the author of "Caste"; Lord
Charles Lever; Cast Away, by Edmund Yates;
Poppies in the Corn, by the author of The Harvest of
Cecil's Tryst, by the author of Lost Sir Massingberd;
just reprinted in New York,
a Quiet Eye; and Miss Braddon's Lovels of Arden,

THE

CANADIAN MONTHLY,

AND NATIONAL REVIEW.

VOL. I.]

MAY, 1872.

[No. 5.

N

THE GROWTH OF CANADIAN COMMERCE.

BY JAMES YOUNG, M. P.

expansion.

OTHING more truly indicates the | by a steady, and, since the Union, a rapid condition of a nation than the rise or fall of its commerce with other countries. As its commercial tides ebb and flow, so may the nation be said to prosper or decline-advance or retrograde. A contract ing annual commerce indicates "something rotten in the state of Denmark"; an expanding commerce tells not only of important resources, of national industry and enterprise, but of growing wealth, power and influence.

Looked at from this point of view, the condition of Canada, especially since the. Confederation of the Provinces, may justly be described as satisfactory and hopeful. Our progress may not have been so rapid as that of particular States of the neighbouring Republic, or of one or two of the Australian Colonies, whilst under the first stimulus of the gold excitement. But it has been less fitful than the latter, and the volume of our annual commerce has been marked

The "blue books" issued by Parliament each year have very few students. They are, it must be confessed, not very attractive to the general reader; but the facts which they contain are highly important, and deserve more consideration than they generally receive. Let us see if they cannot tell us something interesting about the extent and character of our commerce, the different nations with which we deal, and the exchanges which annually pass between us.

The Union of the Provinces, on the 1st of July, 1867, naturally divides our commercial, as it does our political, history. Prior to that time, our public records contain only the Trade Returns of Ontario and Quebec ; since then, we have those of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick included. Taking these divisions in their order, we find that the annual commerce of the late Province of Canada rose from a mere trifle in 1841,

Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada in the year 1872, by Adam, Stevenson & Co., in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture.

political fruits of that measure, more time may be necessary to enable an intelligent judgment to be formed; but the experience we have had, comparatively short as it has been, goes far to establish its success from a commercial point of view. This will appear by an examination of the imports and exports of the Dominion since the union, beginning with the year ending the 30th June, 1868, and ending with that of the 30th 58,299,242 June, 1871