The Principles of Chemistry, 第 1 巻Longmans, Green, and Company, 1891 |
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absorbed action acts affinity alcohol alkali ammonia ammonium amount anhydrous apparatus aqueous vapour atmosphere barium boiling point bromine burning calcium carbonic acid carbonic anhydride carbonic oxide caustic soda charcoal chemical chloric acid chlorine combination combustion composition compounds contains copper corresponding crystallisation crystals cubic decomposed decomposition determined dissociation dissolved distillation easily elements evaporation evolved example flame formation formed gaseous gases gives glass grams H₂O hydrate hydriodic acid hydrocarbons hydrochloric acid hydrogen peroxide hydroxide insoluble instance iodide iodine iron lime liquid magnesium mass matter mercury metals method mixture molecular molecules nitrate nitre nitric acid nitrogen nitrous observed obtained ordinary temperature organic oxidising oxygen ozone passed platinum potassium potassium chlorate pressure produced properties quantity reaction red heat saturated separated sodium carbonate sodium chloride sodium hydroxide sodium sulphate solid soluble in water specific gravity substances sulphuric acid sulphurous anhydride takes place tion tube vessel volatile volume whilst zinc
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250 ページ - Two volumes of hydrogen combine with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of aqueous vapour.
300 ページ - But th> hypothesis of the formation of naphtha from vegetable inevitably assumes coal to b¿ the chief element of decomposition, and naphtha is met with in Pennsylvania and Canada, in the Silurian and Devonian strata, which do not contain coal, and correspond to an epoch not abounding in organic matter. If we ascribe the derivation of naphtha to the decomposition of fat (adipose animal fat) we encounter three almost...
248 ページ - When its volume becomes constant it is measured, the height of the column of mercury in the tube above the level of the mercury in the cylinder being noted.
32 ページ - Consequently, at these high temperatures the cohesion between the particles of water would be almost nil. Only certain solutions (sal ammoniac and lithium chloride), and these only with a great excess of water, rise higher than pure water in capillary tubes. The great cohesion of water doubtless determines many of both its physical and chemical properties. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one part by weight of water from 0° to 1°, ie, by 1° C., is called the unit of heat...
ix ページ - Knowing how contented, free, and joyful is life in the realms of science, one fervently wishes that many would enter their portals. On this account many pages of this treatise are unwittingly stamped with the earnest desire that the habits of chemical contemplation which I have endeavored to instil into the minds of my readers will incite them to the further study of science. Science will then flourish in them and by them, on a fuller acquaintance not only with the little that is enclosed within...
340 ページ - Arc., in the solution. Very fine crystals are formed in a mass of gelatinous silica. 12 If a solution of sodium chloride be slowly heated from above, where the evaporation is accomplished, then the upper layer will become saturated before the lower and cooler layers, and therefore crystallisation will then begin on the surface, and the crystals first formed will be held up, having also dried from above, on the surface until they become quite soaked. Being heavier than the solution the crystals are...
57 ページ - Maxwell and others) it is probable that the velocities of individual particles are different, that is, they occur in, as it were, different conditions of temperature, which is very important to take into consideration in the investigation of many phenomena proper to matter. It is evident from the above determination of the velocity of gases, that different gases at the same temperature and pressure have average velocities, which are inversely proportional to the square roots of their densities; this...
241 ページ - ... the gases are obtained in the proportion of eight parts by weight of oxygen to one part by weight of hydrogen, or one volume of oxygen to two volumes of hydrogen; (3) when...
111 ページ - The same holds for the molecules within the column, so that the attraction is proportional to the square of the density, or inversely proportional to the square of the volume.
300 ページ - ... and naphtha is met with in Pennsylvania and Canada, in the Silurian and Devonian strata, which do not contain coal, and correspond to an epoch not abounding in organic matter. If we ascribe the derivation of naphtha to the decomposition of fat (adipose animal fat) we encounter three almost insuperable difficulties : (1) Animal remains would furnish a great deal of nitrogenous matter, whilst there is but very little in naphtha ; (2) the enormous amount of naphtha already discovered as compared...