Elements of economics of industry, the first vol. of Elements of economicsMacmillan, 1896 - 421 ページ |
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多く使われている語句
ability action Adam Smith advantages agents of production aggregate agriculture amount arities artisans average capital and labour causes CHAPTER chief chiefly classes commodity consumption corn laws cultivation demand and supply derived Diminishing Return dose duction Earnings of Management economic economists efficiency employers employment England English equal equilibrium evil exert expenses of production fact factors of production factory give governed grade greater growth higher important income increase industry influence instance kind land lative less lower machinery manual labour manufacture marginal utility material ment modern National Dividend nature necessary normal person population Principles Principles VI Producer's Surplus purchase Quasi-rent raise rate of interest rate of profits raw produce regard rent rise skill social supply of labour supply price surplus tend things tion trade true Unions wages wants wealth whole workers
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259 ページ - The liberal reward of labour, as it encourages the propagation, so it increases the industry of the common people. The wages of labour are the encouragement of industry, which, like every other human quality, improves in proportion to the encouragement it receives. A plentiful subsistence increases the bodily strength of the labourer, and the comfortable hope of bettering his condition, and of ending his days perhaps in ease and plenty, animates him to exert that strength to the utmost.
1 ページ - For the business by which a person earns his livelihood generally lills his thoughts during by far the greater part of those hours in which his mind is at its best; during them his character is being formed by the way in which he uses his faculties in his work, by the thoughts and the feelings which it suggests, and by his relations to his associates in work, his employers or his employees.
175 ページ - That the master manufacturer, by dividing the work to be executed into different processes, each requiring different degrees of skill or of force, can purchase exactly that precise quantity of both which is necessary for each process; whereas, if the whole work were executed by one workman, that person must possess sufficient skill to perform the most ~~ difficult, and sufficient strength to execute the most laborious, of the operations into which the art is divided...
227 ページ - We might as reasonably dispute whether it is the upper or the under blade of a pair of scissors that cuts a piece of paper, as whether value is governed by utility or cost of production. It is true that when one blade is held still, and the cutting is effected by moving the other, we may say with careless brevity that the cutting is done by the second; but the statement is not strictly accurate, and is to be excused only so long as it claims to be merely a popular and not a strictly scientific account...
178 ページ - Good work is rightly appreciated, inventions and improvements in machinery, in processes and the general organization of the business have their merits promptly discussed : if one man starts a new idea, it is taken up by others and combined with suggestions of their own; and thus it becomes the source of further new ideas.
275 ページ - Wages tend to equal the net product of labour; its marginal productivity rules the demand- price for it; and, on the other side, wages tend to retain a close though indirect and intricate relation with the cost of rearing, training and sustaining the energy of efficient labour.
48 ページ - Every age and every country has its own problems: and every change in social conditions is likely to require a new development of economic doctrines": also the letter written in 1915 to Mr.
152 ページ - So complete, indeed, has hitherto been the separation, so strongly marked the line of demarcation, between the different grades of labourers, as to be almost equivalent to fin hereditary distinction of caste; each employment being chiefly recruited from the children of those already employed in it...
269 ページ - The labour and capital of the country, acting on its natural resources, produce annually a certain net aggregate of commodities, material and immaterial, including services of all kinds. This is the true net annual income or revenue of the country, or the national dividend".
206 ページ - But our representative firm must be one which has had a fairly long life, and fair success, which is managed with normal ability, and which has normal access to the economies, external and internal, which belong to that aggregate volume of production; account being taken of the class of goods produced, the conditions of marketing them and the economic environment generally.