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resolution of maintaining it against all invaders. We look forward with pleasure to that day, not

Let us give her reason to pride herself in the rela-
tionship.

And thou, great liberty! inspire our souls.
Make our lives happy in thy pure embrace,
Or our deaths glorious in thy just defence!

The following address was published in Canada, on the arrival there of colonel Arnold, with the troops under his command.

far remote (we hope) when the inhabitants of America shall have one sentiment, and the full enjoy. ment of the blessings of a free government.

Incited by these motives, and encouraged by the advice of many friends of liberty among you, the grand American congress have sent an army into your province, under the command of general Schuyler-not to plunder, but to protect you-to animate, and bring forth into action those sentiBy his excellency George Washington, esq. comments of freedom you have disclosed, and which mander in chief of the army of the United Colo- the tools of despotism would extinguish through nies of North America.

TO THE INHABITANTS OF CANADA.

the whole creation. To co-operate with this design, and to frustrate those cruel and perfidious Friends and brethren-The unnatural contest be- schemes, which would deluge our frontiers with tween the English Colonies and Great Britain, has the blood of women and children, I have detached now risen to such a height, that arms alone must colonel Arnold into your country, with a part of decide it. The colonies, confiding in the justice the army under my command. I have enjoined of their cause, and the purity of their intentions, upon him, and I am certain that he will consider have reluctantly appealed to that Being, in whose himself, and act as in the country of his patrons bands are all human events. He has hitherto smiled and best friends. Necessaries and accommodaupon their virtuous efforts-the hand of tyranny tions of every kind which you may furnish, he will has been arrested in its ravages, and the British thankfully receive, and render the full value. I invite arms, which have shone with so much splendor in you therefore as friends and brethren, to provide every part of the globe, are now tarnished with him with such supplies as your country affords; disgrace and disappointment. Generals of approv. and I pledge myself not only for your safety and ed experience, who boasted of subduing this great security, but for an ample compensation. Let no continent, find themselves circumscribed within the man desert his habitation-let no one flee as belimits of a single city and its suburbs, suffering all fore an enemy. The cause of America, and of lithe shame and distress of a siege, while the free-berty, is the cause of every virtuous American citi. born sons of America, animated by the genuine prin- zen; whatever may be his religion or his descent, ciples of liberty and love of their country, with in- the United Colonies know no distinction but such creasing union, firmness and discipline, repel every as slavery, corruption, and arbitrary dominion, may attack, and despise every danger. create. Come then, ye generous citizens, range yourselves under the standard of general liberty— against which all the force and artifice of tyranny will never be able to prevail.

G. WASHINGTON.

Above all, we rejoice, that our enemies have been deceived with regard to you--they have persuaded themselves, they have even dared to say, that the Canadians were not capable of distinguishing between the blessings of liberty, and the wretched. A letter from general Lee to general Burgoyne, dated ness of slavery; that gratifying the vanity of a camp on Prospect Hill, December 1, 1775, little circle of nobility-would blind the people of "DEAR SIRAS I am just informed you are ready Canada. By such artifices they hoped to bend you to embark for England, I cannot refrain from once to their views, but they have been deceived; instead more trespassing on your patience. An opportunity of finding in you that poverty of soul and baseness is now presented of immortalizing yourself as the of spirit, they see with a chagrin, equal to our joy, Saviour of your country. The whole British emthat you are enlightened, generous, and virtuous-pire stands tottering on the brink of ruin, and that you will not renounce your own rights, or serve you have it in your power to prevent the fatal as instruments to deprive your fellow-subjects of catastrophe, but it will admit of no delay. For theirs. Come then, my brethren, unite with us in Heaven's sake avail yourself of the precious moan indissoluble union, let us run together to the same goal. We have taken up arms in defence of our liberty, our property, our wives, and our children; we are determined to preserve them, or die.

ment; put an end to the delusions; exert the voice of a brave virtuous citizen, and tell the people at home that they must immediately rescind all their impolitic acts; that they must overturn the whole

frantic system, or that they are undone. You the natural tenderness of a mother, and acts the ask me, in your letter, if it is independence at part of a cruel step-dame, it must naturally be which the Americans aim? I answer, no! the idea expected that their affections cease; the ministry never entered a single American's head until a leave them no alternative, aut servire, aut alienari most intolerable oppression forced it upon them. jubent; it is in human nature, it is a moral obligaAll they required was to remain masters of their tion to adopt the latter; but the fatal separation own property, and be governed by the same equita- has not yet taken place, and yourself, your single ble laws which they had enjoyed from the first self, my friend, may perhaps prevent it. Upon formation of the colonies. The ties of connection, some persons, I am afraid, you can make no imwhich bound them to their parent country, were pression; for to repeat a hackneyed quotation, so dear to them, that he who would have ventured "They are in blood to have touched them, would have been considered as the most impious of mortals; but these sacred ties, the same men who have violated or baffled the most precious laws and rights of the people at Lome, dissipated or refused to account for their treasures, tarnished the glory, and annihilated the importance of the nations; these sacred ties, say, so dear to every American, are now rending

asunder.

"Step'd in so far, that should they wade in more,
"To return would be as tedious as go o'er."

But if you will at once break off all connections with these men, if you will wave all consideration but the salvation of your country, Great Britsin may stand as much indebted to general Burgoyne as Rome was to ber Camillus. Do not I entrest you, my dear sir, think this the mad rhapsody of an enthusiast, nor the cant of a factious designing man, for in these colors, I am told, I am frequently painted. I swear by all that is sacred, as I hope for comfort and honor in this world, and to avoid misery in the next, that I most earnestly and devoutly love my native country; that I wish the her and her children, which has raised the wide same happy relation to subsist for ages, betwixt arch of her empire to so stupendous and enviable an height: but at the same time I avow, that if the parliament and people should be depraved enough to support any longer some persons in their scheme, my zeal and reverence for the rights of humanity are so much greater than my fondness for any particular spot, even the place of my nativity, that had I any influence in the councils of America, I would advise not to hesitate a single instant, but decisively to cut the Gordian knot now besmeared

"You ask, whether it is the weight of taxes of which they complain? I answer no; it is the prin ciple they combat, and they would be guilty in the eyes of God and man, of the present world and all posterity, did they not reject it; for if it were admitted, they would have nothing that they could call their own. They would be in a worse condition than the wretched slaves in the West India Islands, whose little peculium has ever been esteemed inviolate. But wherefore should I dwell! on this, is not the case of Ireland the same with their's? They are subordinate to the British em. pire, they are subordinate to the parliament of Great Britain; but they tax themselves. Why, as the case is similar, do not you begin with them? But you know, Mr. Burgoyne, the m―ry dare not attempt it. There is one part of your letter which, I confess, I do not understand. If I recollect right, for I unfortunately have not the letter by me, you say, that if the privilege of taxing themselves is what the Americans claim, the contest is at an end; you surely cannot allude to the propositions of N―. It is impossible that you should not think with me, and all mankind, that these propositions are no more or less than adding to a most abominable oppression, a more abominable insult. But to recur to the question of Americans aiming at independence? Do any instructions of any one of the provinces to their repre- certain persons in this, their headlong career. If sentatives, or delegates furnish the least ground for the suspicion? On the contrary, do they not all breathe the strongest attachment and filial piety for their parent country? But if she discard all

with civil blood.

"This I know is strong, emphatic language, and might pass with men, who are strangers to the flame which the love of liberty is capable of lighting up in the human breast, for a proof of my insanity; but you, sir, you, unless I have mistaken you from the beginning, will conceive that a man in his sober senses, may possess such feelings. In my sober senses, therefore, permit me once more, most earnestly to entreat and conjure you to exert your whole force, energy, and talents, to stop

you labor in vain (as I must repeat I think will be the case) address yourself to the people at large; by adopting this method, I am so sanguine as to assure myself of your success; and your public

character will be as illustrious as your personal (and Almighty God, that I will neither directly or qualities are amiable to all who intimately know indirectly convey any intelligence, nor give any you. By your means, the colonists will long con- advice to the aforesaid enemies described; and tinue the farmers, planters, and shipwrights of that I pledge myself, if I should by any accident Great Britain; but if the present course is persisted in, an eternal divorce must inevitably take place. As to the idea of subduing them into servitude, and indemnifying yourselves for the expense, you must be convinced, before this, of its absurdity.

get knowledge of such treasons, to inform immediately the committee of safety: and as it is justly allowed that when the rights and sacred liberties of a nation or community are invaded, neutrality is not less base and criminal than open and avowed hostility: I do further swear and pledge myself, "I should not, perhaps, be extravagant, if I as I hope for eternal salvation, that I will whenadvanced that all the ships of the world would be ever called upon by the voice of the continental too few to transport force sufficient to conquer congress, or by that of the legislature of this parthree millions of people unanimously determined ticular colony under their authority to take arms to sacrifice every thing to liberty; but if it were and subject myself to military discipline in defence possible, the victory would be not less ruinous of the common rights and liberties of America. So than the defeat. You would only destroy your own help me God."

strength. No revenue can possibly be extracted out of this country. The army of placement might be encreased, but her circuitous commerce, founded on perfect freedom, which alone can furnish riches to the metropolis, would fall to the ground. But the dignity, of Great Britain it seems is at stake. Would you, sir, if in the heat of passion you had struck a simple drummer of your regiment, and afterwards discovered it unjustly, think it any forfeiture of your dignity to acknowledge the wrong? No (I am well acquainted with your disposition) you would ask his pardon, at the head of your regiment.

"I shall now conclude (if you will excuse the pedantry) with a sentence of Latin: "Justum est bellum, quibus necessarium; et pia arma quibus nulla nisi in armis, relinquiter spes." I most sincerely wish you a quick and prosperous voyage; and that your happiness and glory may be equal to the idea I have of your merits, as I am, with the greatest truth and affection, your's

C. LEE."

The following is said to be a copy of the oath exacted by general Lee of the people of Rhode Island, on his arrival there-Dec. 1775.

MEMENTO TO THE AMERICANS. From the Pennsylvania Journal-March, 1776. "Remember the stamp act, by which immense sums were to be yearly extorted from you.

Remember the declaratory act, by which a power was assumed of binding you, in all cases whatsoever, without your consent.

Remember the broken promise of the ministry,* never again to attempt a tax on America. Remember the duty act.

Remember the massacre at Boston, by British soldiers.

Remember the ruin of that once flourishing city by their means.

Remember the massacre at Lexington. Remember the burning of Charlestown. Remember general Gage's infamous breach of faith with the people of Boston.

Remember the cannonading, bombarding, and burning of Falmouth.

Remember the shrieks and cries of the women and children.

Remember the cannonading of Stonington anð Bristol.

Island.

Remember the burning of Jamestown, Rhode

Remember the frequent insults of Newport.

Remember the cannonade of Hampton.

Remember the broken charters.

Remember the act for screening and encourag

ing your murderers.

"I-here, in the presence of Almighty God, as I hope for ease, honor, and comfort in this world, and happiness in the world to come, most earnestly, devoutly and religiously swear that I will neither directly or indirectly assist the wicked instruments of ministerial tyranny and villainy, commonly called the king's troops and navy, by furnishing them with provisions and refreshments of any kind, unless authorised by the continental congress or legisla. Remember the hiring foreign troops against you. ture at present established in this particular colony of Rhode Island: Ido also swear by the Tremendous

Remember the cannonade of New-York.
Remember the altering your established jury

laws.

*In lord Hillsborough's circular letter.

Remember the rejecting of lord Chatham's, Mr. Hartley's and Mr. Burk's plans of conciliation.

Remember the treatment of Franklin and Tem

ple.

Remember the rejecting of all your numerous humble petitions.

FROM THE PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL. Enclosed I send you the speech of an honest, sensible, and spirited farmer of this county, addressed to an assembly of his neighbours, on his engaging in the continental service.

MY FRIENDS AND COUNTRYME-I have observed

Remember the contempt with which they spoke that some of you are a little surprised that I, with of you in both houses. so many inducements as I have to remain at home, should have resolved to quit my family, and my

Remember the cowardly endeavor to prevent foreign nations supplying you with arms and farm for the fatigues and dangers of war. I mean ammunition, when they themselves knew they you should be perfectly satisfied as to my motives. I am an American: and am determined to be free. intended coming to cut your throats. I was born free: and have never forfeited my birthright; nor will I ever, like the infatuated son of Isaac, sell it for a mess of pottage. I will part with my life sooner than my liberty; for I perfer an honorable death to the miserable and despicable existence of a slave.

Remember their hiring savages to murder your farmers with their families.

Remember the bribing negro slaves to assassinate their masters.

Remember the burning of Norfolk.*

Remember their obliging you to pay treble du ties, when you came to trade with the countries you helped them to conquer.t

Remember their depriving you of all share in the fisheries, you equally with them spent your blood and treasure to acquire.

Remember their old restrictions on your woollen manufactories, your hat-making, your iron and steel forges and furnaces.

Remember their arbitrary admiralty courts. Remember the inhuman treatment of the brave colonel Allen, and the irons he was sent into England.

The who would rob me of my property, because be thinks he has use for it, and is able to take it from me, would as soon, for the same reason, rob me of my life, if it stood in his way; but it is God Almighty who gave me my life, and my property, as a necessary means among others of preserving and enjoying it; and it is he only that hath an absolute and unlimited right and power to take either or both away. Being the Creator, the Supporter, the perfect ruler and judge of all the earth, he only can do no wrong: should therefore any creature whatsoever, or number of them, dare to

Remember the long, habitual, base venality of usurp this sole prerogative of Heaven over me, I British parliaments.

Remember the corrupt, putrified state of that nation, and the virtuous, sound, healthy state of your own young constitution.

Remember the tyranny of Mezentius, who bound living men, face to face, with dead ones, and the effect of it.+

Remember the obstinacy and unforgiving spirit of the evident in the treatment of his own bs.

Remember that an honorable death is preferable to an ignominious life; and never forget what you owe to yourselves, your families, and your posterity.

could neither answer it to my Maker, nor my
conscience, nor my honor, if I did not resist, though
it were to the last drop of my blood. It is in the
free enjoyment of those blessings, uncontrouled by
any human powers, (except so far as the voice of
the society in general, of which we are members,
may have resigned a part for the preservation of
the whole), that that civil liberty substantially
consisteth. Let no one therefore wonder if, of all
earthly benefits my Creator hath bestowed on me,
I do most esteem my liberty. Anarchy, indeed, I
deprecate, but tyranny infinitely more. The rea-

son is obvious; the former, like a common surfeit, occasioned by an irregular and intemperate indulgence of the bodily appetites, if but a little helped This and all the beforementioned, were open, by simple medicine, will almost always, as I may defenceless towns, which, by the laws of war, should say, cure itself: whereas the latter, like a devouralways be spared.

ing cancer, the longer it is let alone, without the application of violent caustics, the faster and deeper it will root itself into the frame, until it gnaws out the very life of the body. Government is neither The corruption of the one poisoned the other. ¡of these: it is an ordinance of Heaven to restrain

+Act of parliament, 14 George III. laying a duty of three pence per gallon on all spirits imported into Canada from Britain; and nine-pence, if from any of the North American colonies.

the usurpations of wicked men, to secure us the industriously, and obstinately bent on our destrucenjoyments of our natural rights, and to promote tion? in short, we have no alternative left us, but the highest political interests and happiness of to fight or die; if there be any medium, it is slavery; society. The claims therefore of the British par- and ever cursed be the man who will submit to it! liament of a power to bind us in all cases whatso I will not. But who would ever have imagined, ever; to give away our property, in what measure that a people who, a few years ago, assisted their and for what purposes they please, and to dispose brethren of Great Britain, with their blood and of our lives as they think proper, when we have treasure, to humble the power of France and Spain, no voice in the legislation nor constitutional power and who, from their first existence as a people, allowed us to check their most violent proceed- have, by their trade and industry, been enriching ings, are not of the nature of government, but in and exalting them above all the nations of the the true and strict sense of the word tyranny.

world; who, I say, would have imagined that this be now reduced to so dreadful an alternative; yet, very people should, by these their very brethren, hear, O Heavens, and give ear, O Earth, and bear witness, this is the return we have received for all

our love, loyalty, industry, treasure and blood!

Of the tendency and operation of this diabolical system, our country hath already had too deep and affecting experience not to be sensible of them; and it requires not the spirit of supernatural prophecy to foretel the end of them, should they not be seasonably controled; controled, did I say? blest Had we begun this quarrel, had we demanded some new privileges, unknown to the constitution, or some commercial licences, incompatible with the general interest of the empire, had we presumed to legislate for Great Britain, or plotted with the Bourbon family, to reinstate the execrable race of the Stuarts, and fled to arms unprovoked to accomplish these designs, there would then be some plausible apology for the severest hostile treatment we have received. But what have we done? when alarmed, ere we had yet rested from the toils of the last war, by new unconstitutional demands of revenue, we asserted our rights and petitioned for justice. Was this a crime? as un

be the spirit of American liberty, wisdom and valor! they have been controled; but, my friends, it is evident we can never have safety, liberty, and peace, until, by an unremitting and vigorous ap plication of the axe, now laid to the root of the tree, we have totally overturned, in these colonies, the power that would demolish us. Not to speak of the unwearied art and assiduity of the

these twelve years past, to fasten on us the shackles of slavery, let me only remind you of the base and cruel measures to subjugate us, since we have been obliged to take up arms in our defence: what stone have constitutional statutes of different forms were rethey left unturned? what device to ruin us, though never so mean, barbarous and bloody, such as no peatedly enacted, we repeated our petitions for redress; was this a crime? we suffered ourselves heart, but that of a devil and a tyrant, can refrain to be insulted by the introduction of an armed shuddering at, have they not pursued? have not several of the powers of Europe been meanly force to dragoon us into obedience; we suffered courted and bribed not to supply us with means them to take possession of our towns and fortificaof resistance? hath not the most barbarous nation tions, still waiting with decent and anxious exin it been applied to, to assist them with at least pectation from the wonted justice, humanity, and 20,000 savages to complete their intended massacre? generosity of Britons: was this a crime? disposed have they not attempted to spirit up the Indian to try every pacific measure which might probably procure our relief, we agreed to withhold our com savages to ravage our frontiers, and murder, after their inhuman manner, our defenceless wives and merce from them, in hopes that, feeling the effects children? have not our negro slaves been enticed of their injustiee, they might see how ruinous their to rebel against their masters, and arms put into in time to wisdom and peace: was this a crime? nor proceedings were to their own interests, and return their hands to murder them? have not the king of did we once lift the sword even in our defence, England's own slaves, the Hanoverians, been em- until provoked to it by a wanton commencement ployed? and were not the poor Canadians made of hostilities on their part: what then have we done slaves, that they might be made fit instruments, to merit such cruel proceedings? my friends, I am with other slaves and savages, to make slaves and firmly persuaded, that no truth will appear in future more wretched beings than savages of us? history, with more glaring evidence, than that the Now, what kind of reconciliation can be reasona-whole mass of guilt contracted by this unnatural bly expected with a so basely, so cruelly, so war lieth at the door of ; and so that,

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