bishops, 233-XV. In what sense bishops, presbyters, and deacons, called priests, 235.-XVI. Why priests called mediators between God and men, 238.-XVII. The ancient form and manner of ordaining presbyters, 239.-XVIII. Of the archipresbyteri, and that these were more ancient than the cardinales presbyteri, which some erroneously confound with them, 242.—XIX. Of the seniores ecclesiæ, and that these were not lay-elders in the modern acceptation, 244. CHAPTER XX. SECT. I. Deacons always reckoned one of the sacred orders of the Church, 246.-II. Yet not generally called priests, but ministers and Levites, 248.-III. And for this reason the bishop was not tied to have the assistance of any presbyters to ordain them, 249.-IV. The first office of deacons to take care of the vessels and utensils of the altar, 250.V. Secondly, to receive the oblations of the people, and present them to the priest, and recite publicly the names of those that offered, 251.— VI. Thirdly, to read the Gospel, in some Churches, 252.-VII. Fourthly, to minister the cup to the people, 253.-VIII. But not to consecrate the elements at the altar, 254.-IX. Fifthly, allowed to baptize, in some places, by the bishop's authority, 257.-X. Sixthly, to bid prayer in the congregation, 258.-XI. Seventhly, allowed to preach upon some occasions, 260.-XII. Eighthly, to reconcile penitents in cases of extreme necessity, 262.-XIII. Ninthly, to attend their bishops in councils, and sometimes represent them as their proxies, 263.—XIV. Tenthly, empowered to correct men that behaved themselves irregularly in the church, 264.-XV. Eleventhly, anciently to perform the offices of all the inferior orders of the Church, 266.-XVI. Twelfthly, to be the bishop's sub-almoners, 267.-XVII. And, lastly, to inform the bishop of the misdemeanours of the people, 268.-XVIII. Hence deacons commonly called the bishop's eyes and ears, his mouth, his angels, and prophets, 268.-XIX. Deacons to be multiplied according to the necessities of the Church: the Roman Church precise to the number of Seven, 269.-XX. Of the age at which deacons might be ordained, 270.— XXI. Of the respect which deacons paid to presbyters and received from the inferior orders, 271. CHAPTER XXI. SECT. I. Archdeacons anciently of the same order with deacons, 273.—II. Elected by the bishop, and not made by seniority, 273.-III. Commonly persons of such interest in the Church, that they were often chosen the bishop's successors, 274.-IV. The archdeacon's offices; first, to assist the bishop at the altar, and order the other deacons and inferior clergy to their several stations and services of the Church, 275.-V. Secondly, to assist the bishop in managing the Church's revenues, 276.—VI. Thirdly, to assist him in preaching, 277.-VII. Fourthly, in ordaining the inferior clergy, 278.-VIII. Fifthly, the archdeacon had power to censure the other deacons, but not presbyters, much less the archpresbyter of the Church, as some mistake, 278.-IX. What meant by the name apantita, and whether it denotes the archdeacon's power over the whole diocese, 280.-X. Why the archdeacon was called cor-episcopi, 281.-XI. The opinions of learned men concerning the first institution of this office and dignity in the Church, 282. CHAPTER XXII. Of deaconesses. SECT. I. The ancient names of deaconesses diákovoɩ, прeσßútides, viduæ, ministræ, 284.-II. Deaconesses by some laws required to be widows, 285.-III. And such widows as had children, 286.-IV. To be sixty years of age, 287.-V. And such as had been only the wives of one man, 288.-VI. Deaconesses always ordained by imposition of hands, 289.-VII. Yet not consecrated to any office of the priesthood, 292.— VIII. Their offices, first, to assist at the baptism of women, 294.IX. Secondly, to be a sort of private catechists to the women-catechumens, 295.-X. Thirdly, to visit and attend women in sickness and distress, 295.-XI. Fourthly, to minister to the martys in prison, 295.— XII. Fifthly, to keep the women's gate in the church, 296.-XIII. Lastly, to preside over the widows, &c., 297.-XIV. How long this order continued both in the Eastern and Western Churches, 297.— XV. Another notion of the name diaconissa, in the middle ages of the Church, in which it signifies a deacon's wife, as presbytera does a presbyter's wife, and episcopa a bishop's wife. The contrary errors of Gentiletus and Baronius about these corrected, 299. BOOK III. OF THE INFERIOR ORDERS OF THE CLERGY IN THE PRIMITIVE CHURCH. CHAPTER I. Of the first original of the inferior orders, and the number and use of them; and how they differed from the superior orders of bishops, presbyters, and deacons. SECT. I. The inferior orders not of apostolical but only ecclesiastical institution, proved against Baronius and the Council of Trent, 301.-II. No certain number of them in the Primitive Church, 305.-III. Not instituted in all Churches at the same time, 306.-IV. The principal use of them in the Primitive Church, to be a sort of nursery for the hierarchy, 306.-V. None of these allowed to forsake their service, and return to a mere secular life again, 307.-VI. How they differed from the superior orders in name, in office, and manner of ordination, 308. CHAPTER II. SECT. I. No mention of subdeacons till the third century, 309.-II. Their ordination performed without imposition of hands in the Latin Church, 310.-III. A brief account of their offices, 311.-IV. What offices they might not perform, 312.-V. The singularity of the Church of Rome in keeping to the precise number of seven subdeacons, 313. CHAPTER III. SECT. I. Acolythists, an order peculiar to the Latin Church, and never mentioned by any Greek writer for four centuries, 313.-II. Their ordination and office, 314.-III. The origination of the name, 314.-IV. Whether acolythists be the same with the deputati and ceroferarii of of latter ages, 315. CHAPTER IV. SECT. I. Exorcists, at first no peculiar order of the clergy, 316.-II. Bishops and presbyters, for the three first centuries, the usual exorcists of the Church, 317.-III. In what sense every man his own exorcist, 318. -IV. Exorcists constituted into an order in the latter end of the third century, 319.-V. Their ordination and office, 321.-VI. A short account of the energumens, their names, and station in the church, 321. -VII. The exorcists chiefly concerned in the care of them, 322.-VIII. The duty of exorcists in reference to the catechumens, 323. CHAPTER V. Of lectors or readers. SECT. I. The order of readers not instituted till the third century, 324.II. By whom the Scriptures were read in the church before the institution of that order, 325.—III. The manner of ordaining readers, 327.— IV. Their station and office in the church, 328.-V. The age at which they might be ordained, 329. CHAPTER VI. Of the ostiarii or door-keepers. SECT. I. No mention of this order till the third or fourth century, 330.II. The manner of their ordination in the Latin Church, 330.-III. Their office and function, 331. CHAPTER VII. Of the psalmista or singers. SECT. I. The singers a distinct order from readers in the Primitive Church, 332.-II. Their institution and office, 333.-III. Why called voẞoλeîs, 334.-IV. What sort of ordinance they had, 335. CHAPTER VIII. Of the copiate or fossarii. SECT. I. The copiate or fossarii reckoned among the clerici of the Primitive Church, 335.-II. First instituted in the time of Constantine, 337. -III. Why called decani and collegiati, 338.—IV. Their office and privileges, 338. CHAPTER IX. Of the parabolani. SECT. I. The parabolani ranked by some among the clerici, 339.-II. Their institution and office, 339.-III. The reason of the name parabolani, 341.-IV. Some laws and rules relating to their behaviour, 342. CHAPTER X. Of the catechists. SECT. I. Catechists no distinct order of the clergy, but chosen out of any other order, 343.-II. Readers sometimes made catechists, 344.— III. Why called vavroλóyoi by some Greek writers, 345.-IV. Whether all catechists taught publicly in the church, 346.-V. Of the succession in the Catechetic School at Alexandria, 347. CHAPTER XI. Of the defensores or syndics of the Church. SECT. I. Five sorts of defensores noted, whereof two only belonged to the Church, 348.-II. Of the defensores pauperum, 349.-III. of the defensores ecclesiæ, their office and function, 349.-IV. Of their quality. Whether they were clergymen or laymen, 351.-V. The ekdikoi and ékKλnσiékdikoi among the Greeks the same with the defensores of the Latin Church, 353.-VI. Chancellors and defensors not the same in the Primitive Church, 354.-VII. Whether the defensor's office was the same with that of our modern chancellors, 355. CHAPTER XII. Of the œconomi, or stewards and guardians of the Church. SECT. I. The economi instituted in the fourth century. The reasons of their institution, 356.—II. These always to be chosen out of the clergy, 358.-III. Their office to take care of the revenues of the Church, especially in the vacancy of the bishopric, 359.-IV. The consent of the clergy required in the choice of them, 359. CHAPTER XIII. A brief account of some other inferior officers in the Church. SECT. I. Of the mapaμováρio or mansionarii, 360.-II. Of the custodes ecclesiarum, and custodes locorum sanctorum; and how these differed from each other, 361.-III. Of the sceuophylaces or ceimeliarchæ, 362. -IV. Of the hermeneutæ or interpreters, 363.—V. Of the notarii, 363. -VI. Of the apocrisiarii or responsales, 365. THE ANTIQUITIES. THE ANTIQUITIES OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. BOOK I. OF THE SEVERAL NAMES AND ORDERS OF MEN IN THE CHAP. I. Of the several titles and appellations of Christians, which they owned and distinguished themselves by. at first call 1. WHEN Christianity was first planted in the world, they Christians who embraced it were commonly known among themselves by ed Jesseans, the names of disciples, believers, elect, saints, and brethren, and Therapeuta, Πιbefore they assumed the title and appellation of Christians. στοι, ΕκEpiphaniusl says they were also called Ἰεσσαῖοι, Jesseans, λεκτοί, &c. either from Jesse, the father of David, or, which is more probable, from the name of the Lord Jesus. He adds, that Philo speaks of them under this appellation in his book Περὶ Ἰεσσαίων, which he affirms to be no other but Christians who went by that name in Egypt, whilst St. Mark preached the Gospel at Alexandria. This book of Philo's is now extant under another 1 Hær. 29. Nazar. n. 4. (t. I. p. 120 a.) 'Αλλ ̓ ὅμως ἐπειδὴ εἰς τὸν τόπον ἐλήλυθα, εἰπεῖν δι ̓ ἣν αἰτίαν Ἰεσσαῖοι ἐκαλοῦντο, πρὶν τοῦ καλεῖ σθαι Χριστιανοὶ οἱ εἰς Χριστὸν πεπιστευκότες, τούτου ἕνεκα ἔφημεν, ὅτι ὁ Ἰεσσαὶ πατὴρ γίνεται τοῦ Δαβίδ. BINGHAM, VOL. I. Καὶ ἤτοι τοῦ Ἰεσσαὶ, ἤτοι ἐκ τοῦ ὀνό B |