carried off, and concealed in a miserable hut, until he regained sufficient strength to undergo the fatigues of a difficult and dangerous journey to the coast. After passing through many perils, he was, at length, fortunate enough to effect his escape to the continent, where he spent the remainder of his days, a hopeless, heart-broken wanderer, and died towards the close of 1758. His unfortunate clan was visited with remorseless vengeance by the royal troops. "In the month of May," says Smollett, "the Duke of Cumberland advanced with the army into the Highlands, as far as Fort Augustus ; where he encamped, and sent off detachments, on all hands, to hunt down the fugitives, and lay waste the country with fire and sword. The castles of Glengary and Lochiel were plundered and burned: every hut, house, or habitation, met with the same fate, without distinction; all the cattle and provisions were carried off. The men were either shot upon the mountains, like wild beasts, or put to death in cold blood, without form of trial. The women, after having seen their husbands and fathers murdered, were subjected to brutal violation, and then turned out naked, with their children, to starve on the barren heath. One whole family was enclosed in a barn, and consumed to ashes. Those ministers of vengeance were so alert in the execution of their office, that, in a few days, there was neither house, cottage, man, nor beast, to be seen in the compass of fifty miles: all was ruin, silence, and desolation!" To justify such execrable atrocities as these, even on the score of expediency, would be utterly impossible: they were planned in a spirit of cold-blooded brutality, and perpetrated by ruffians under the command of a savage. DOCTOR ARCHIBALD CAMERON. DR. ARCHIBALD CAMERON, a brother of the celebrated Lochiel, was born in 1698. From a very early period of his life, he appears to have entertained feelings of strong attachment to the exiled family; and on the rebel standard being set up by Charles Edward, in 1745, he joined the insurgents with his brother, with whom he acted during the whole of the campaign. After the battle of Culloden, he escaped to the continent: but in 1753, although he had been attainted of high treason during his absence, he rashly returned to Scotland, with a view, as it was reported, of recovering a sum of money, belonging to the Pretender, which had been embezzled by some of his adherents. Soon after his arrival in Scotland, he was discovered, and taken. His arraignment at the bar of the court of king's bench, on the act of attainder previously passed against him, speedily followed; and his identity being clearly established, the lord chief justice sentenced him to be executed as a traitor. He behaved with great firmness and decorum in court; and took occasion to observe, that, in 1746, he had quitted France, for the purpose of surrendering himself, and that he was only prevented by an accident happening in his family, from throwing himself upon the king's clemency. He had seven children, he said, at Lisle, in Flanders, who, with their mother, were totally dependent on him for support, and he respectfully entreated, that he might be permitted to send for the latter, as he felt a very natural desire to see her again before he died. This request was humanely complied with; but no further indulgence was shewn him; his sentence, contrary to the expectations of the public, being carried into effect in less than a month after his arraignment. About ten o'clock on the morning of his execution, (June 7th, 1753.) he was drawn on a sledge, from the Tower to Tyburn, amid a vast concourse of spectators. He was dressed, on this occasion, in a light coloured coat, red waistcoat and breeches, and a new bag-wig. During the dreadful procession, which lasted upwards of two hours, he was perfectly calm, and his fortitude never forsook him up to the moment of his execution. After having been suspended for nearly half an hour, his body was cut down and decapitated. His heart was then taken from his body, and burnt to ashes in the presence of the assembled multitude. "The terror and resentment of the people," says Smollett, "occasioned by the rebellion, having by this time subsided, their humane passions did not fail to operate in favour of this unfortunate gentleman. Their pity was mingled with esteem, arising from his personal character, which was altogether unblemished, and his deportment on this occasion, which they could not help admiring as the standard of manly fortitude and decorum. The populace, though not very subject to tender emotions, were moved to compassion, and even to tears, by his behaviour at the place of execution; and many sincere well-wishers to the house of Hanover thought that the sacrifice of this victim, at such a juncture, could not redound either to its honour or security." WILLIAM, LORD WILLIAM, the fourth Lord Widdrington, was born in 1701, and, during his minority, married a daughter of Sir Thomas Tempest, of Stella, in the county of Durham, by whom he had five children. He was among the foremost of those who engaged in Forster's attempt on behalf of James Frederick, in 1715, and surrendered, with the other insurgents, to the royal troops, at Preston. On being impeached for high treason, he pleaded guilty; and, when brought up to receive sentence, he asserted that the royal generals, to whom he and his associates capitulated, WIDDRINGTON. had assured them of mercy: he, therefore, expressed a hope that his unhappy case, and the deplorable condition of his unfortunate children, already deprived of their mother, would induce the two houses of parliament to intercede with the king on his behalf. Sentence of death was pronounced upon him, but his execution was respited, from time to time, until 1717, when he received his discharge under the act of grace. He died at Bath, in poverty and affliction, about the year 1743. WILLIAM MAXWELL, EARL OF NITHISDALE. WILLIAM, the fifth Earl of Nithisdale, was born in 1702. Loyalty for the house of Stuart had been instilled into him from his childhood; and on the standard of the Chevalier being set up in 1715, he joined the insurgents, at Moffat, in Annandale. He surrendered, at Preston, with the other companions of Forster; and having been sent to London, was committed to the Tower, to abide his trial for high treason. On being impeached, he pleaded guilty, and when brought up for judgment, he declared that, when he surrendered at Preston, he was led to hope much from the royal mercy, and still depended on the king's goodness. His young countess afterwards, by stratagem, obtained an interview with George the Second, and pathetically entreated him to save the life of her unfortunate husband, but without effect. The intercession of many noblemen in his behalf met with no better success; a warrant was issued for his execution, and his doom appeared inevitable. The Dowager Countess of Nithisdale, however, in the noble enthusiasm of maternal affection, determined on making a desperate effort to procure his escape. She had then reached the forty-sixth year of her age: like her son, she was remarkably tall; and she strikingly resembled him, not only in her features and the dignified expression of her countenance, but also in the tone of her voice. Having frequently visited the earl during his confinement in the Tower, the sentinels had become so well acquainted with her figure, that, at length, they suffered her to pass to and from his apartment without challenge or inquiry. On the evening before the day appointed for his execution, she went to the Tower, in a hackney coach, accompanied by a lady, whom she had previously made acquainted with the particulars of her project. As they passed the sentinels, the countess dowager held a handkerchief to her face, and sobbed audibly. On entering her son's apartment, she proposed that he should disguise himself in a portion of her dress, and endeavour to quit the Tower. The earl, however, refused to do so, alleging, that he would rather die than expose her to the slightest danger. But she charged him on his duty to obey her; and urging that the government would be ashamed to keep her in confinement longer than a few days, he, at length, consented to make the proposed attempt. Accordingly, putting on the hat, long mourning cloak, and deep black veil, which his mother had worn, and taking the arm of her confederate, he knocked to apprise the guard outside that the dowager wished to withdraw. On the door being opened, the earl came forth with his companion, and, keeping a handkerchief close to his face, proceeded along the passages, towards the outer entrance, at a slow and tottering pace, and seeming to sob incessantly; the confederate, during their progress, repeatedly adjuring "her ladyship, to make haste and quit that horrid place!" They passed the whole of the sentinels without exciting suspicion, and in a few minutes reached the hackney coach, which had been ordered to wait for the countess dowager. The earl succeeded in making his escape beyond seas, and died at Rome, in 1744. His mother was closely confined for several months, but, at length, government thought fit to set her at liberty. Suspicions have been entertained that the sentinels on duty were bribed to connive at the earl's escape; but no proof has been adduced that such was the fact. WILLIAM BOYD, EARL OF KILMARNOCH. THIS nobleman was born in 1702. Temptations, however, which he had not sufficient energy to resist, involved him with the Jacobite party: his pension was consequently stopped; and, with a view, perhaps, to obtain, under a new order of things, at least that decent competence which he had lost, rather than from any sincere devotion to the Stuarts, he joined in the rebellion of 1745. While the insurgents were successful, he displayed much gallantry and confidence; but after their retrograde movement from Derby, he became inactive and desponding. Being captured after the battle of Culloden, in which, although present, he had taken no part, he was sent to London, for trial, with other prisoners of quality. On the 23d of June, 1746, a true bill for high treason was found against him by the grand jury of Surrey, and his trial was appointed to take place before the lords, in Westminster hall, on the 28th of July. When placed at the bar, he pleaded guilty to his indictment, and on being brought up to receive sentence of death, pathetically entreated, on account of his children, and because he had never entertained, as he protested, the slightest malice against the existing government, that he might be recommended as a proper object of clemency to the king. "I am assured," observes Horace Walpole, "that the old Countess of Errol made her son, Lord Kilmarnoch, go into the rebellion on pain of disinheriting him. The man at the tennis court protests that he has known him dine with the man that sells pamphlets at Storey's gate; and,' says he, he would often have been glad if I would have taken him home to dinner.' He was certainly so poor, that in one of his wife's intercepted letters, she tells him she has plagued their steward for a fortnight for money, and can get but three shillings!" "The Duke of Cumberland," says the same writer, in another part of his correspondence, " declared publicly, at his levee, that Lord Kilmarnoch proposed murdering the English prisoners; and when Duke Hamilton begged his intercession for the earl, he coldly replied, that the affair was in the king's hands, and that he had nothing to do with it." Various applications were made to obtain a remission of his sentence, but they proved ineffectual, and he was ordered for execution with Lord Balmerino, on the 18th of August. He was attended, in his last moments, by the Rev. Mr. Hume, and a dissenting clergyman. With the latter he spent an hour in devotion, at the house on Tower hill, which had been prepared for the reception of Balmerino and himself, on the morning of their execution. After refreshing himself with a morsel of bread and a glass of wine, he expressed a desire that Balmerino, with whom he had a short interview, should precede him to the scaffold; but on being told that his request could not be complied with, his own name being mentioned first in the warrant, he prepared, with more calmness and courage than he had been expected to display, for his immediate execution. On mounting the scaffold, and beholding the immense multitude of spectators, the executioner, the block, and his own coffin, his spirits failed him for a moment, and he said to one of the ministers who attended him, "Hume, this is dreadful!" Having taken off his coat, and the bag from his hair, which was then tucked up under a napkin-cap, he knelt down, and, after a short delay, dropped his handkerchief as a signal to the executioner, who performed the duty assigned to him with merciful despatch. The earl's remains were buried at St. Peter's church in the Tower. LORD GEORGE THE father of this celebrated nobleman was rewarded, by William the Third, with the dukedom of Athol, for the distinguished part which he had taken in the revolution of 1668. Lord George was the duke's fourth son. His birth took place in 1705. He entered the army at an early age, and served with the British forces in Flanders. In 1727, he married Lady Jane Murray, by whom he had several children, the eldest of whom eventually became third Duke of Athol. On the 5th of September, 1745, Lord George joined the young Pretender's army, at Perth, with a number of men from the estates of his brother, the Duke of Athol, and was almost immediately nominated lieutenant-general of the insurgent forces. At the battle of Preston Pans, which was fought on the 21st of September, (1745,) Lord George MURRAY. displayed considerable military skill and great personal intrepidity. The royal troops, under the command of Cope, occupied so strong a position, that for some time it was difficult to discover in what manner they could be attacked with any probability of success. Lord George at length determined, if possible, to lead his troops across a marsh, on the left of the royal camp, which he found totally unprotected, in consequence of its being considered impassable. He carried his project into effect without much difficulty, during the night; and early on the morning of the battle, to the astonishment and dismay of the royal forces, drew up his army within a short distance of their camp. "Lord George," says Johnstone," at the head of the first line, did not give the enemy time to recover from their panic. He advanced with such rapidity, that General Cope had hardly time to form his troops in order of battle, when the Highlanders rushed upon them sword in hand. They had frequently been enjoined to aim at the noses of the horses with their swords, without minding the riders; as the natural movement of a horse, wounded in the face, is to wheel round: and a few horses wounded in that manner, are sufficient to throw a whole squadron into disorder, without the possibility of their being afterwards rallied. They followed this advice most implicitly, and the English cavalry was instantly thrown into confusion." The rebel forces achieved a complete victory over their opponents, in less than five minutes, entirely without the aid of their second line, which came up only in time to join in the pursuit. of the royal cavalry, under the immediate command of the duke, endea-. voured to prevent the artillery from passing the bridge of Clifton; but Lord George attacked them with such spirit, that they were compelled to abandon their object, and effect a precipitate retreat. On this occasion, he fought sword in hand, and on foot, at the head of the Macphersons. At the battle of Falkirk, which took place in January, 1746, Lord George, according to Home, marched at the head of the Macdonalds of Keppoch, with his drawn sword in his hand, and his target on his arm. He let the English dragoons come within ten or twelve paces of him, and then gave orders to fire. "The cavalry closing their ranks, which were opened by this discharge," says Johnstone, " put spurs to their horses, and rushed upon the Highlanders at a hard trot, breaking their ranks, and throwing down everything before them. A most extraordinary combat followed. The Highlanders, stretched on the ground, thrust their dirks into the bellies of the horses: some seized the riders by their clothes, dragged them down, and stabbed them with their dirks; several of them again used pistols; but few of them had sufficient space to handle their swords." Lord George is said to have distinguished himself, so far as circumstances would permit, during the march to Derby; where, in opposition to Charles Edward, and many of the chiefs, he strenuously recommended a retrograde movement. With much difficulty, the prince was brought to adopt his advice: and the insurgents immediately began to retrace their steps towards the north. On reaching Kendal, Lord George, with a detachment of horse, personally reconnoitred the position of Marshal With the victory of Falkirk termiWade, who was encamped in the neigh-nated the successes of the insurgents; bourhood. On his return, he said to Charles Edward, who had often reproached him, for avoiding the enemy, "As your royal highness is always for battles, be the circumstances what they may, I now offer you one, in three hours from this time, with the army of Marshal Wade, which is only about two miles distant from us." The prince made no reply: and the rebels continued their retreat; during the whole of which, Lord George, as it appears, cheerfully undertook the command of the rear, a post of extraordinary difficulty and danger. In consequence of the badness of the roads, and the slow progress made by the artillery, he was frequently compelled to march for several hours after dark, in order to keep up with the main body of the insurgents. The Duke of Cumberland's advanced parties of horse repeatedly annoyed him; and, at length, on the 29th of December, the whole who were soon afterwards compelled, by the near approach of the Duke of Cumberland, to retreat into the Highlands. At Inverness, where the prince eventually fixed his head-quarters, Lord George was informed that a party of the king's troops had, by the command of their vindictive and blood-thirsty general, committed the most wanton barbarities on the families of his own immediate followers. "As all the male vassals of the Duke of Athol were with us," says Johnstone, "the Duke of Cumberland sent a detachment of his troops into their country, who committed the most savage cruelties: burning the houses, turning out the women and children in the midst of winter, to perish on the mountains with cold and hunger; after subjecting them to every species of brutal and infamous treatment. These proceedings being known at Inverness, Lord George set off instantly, with the clan of Athol, to take |