NOTES. Note 1, page 28, col. 2. descried of yore. Is him was fulfilled the ancient prophecy -venient annis Secula seris, quibus Oceanus Vincula rerum laxit, etc. Seneca in Medea, v. 374. ways from home.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 19. Nos pavidi -at pater Anchises-lætus. Note 8, page 28, col. 2. What vast foundations in the Abyss are there. Trappassa, ed ecco in quel silvestre loco xiii, 33. Which Tasso has imitated in his Gierusalemme persuasioni, la qual si genera nella moltitudine, e Liberata: varietà de' pareri, e de' discorsi umani. Note 9, page 28, col. 2. Atlantic kings their barbarous pomp display'd. See Plato's Timeus; where mention is made of mighty kingdoms, which, in a day and a night, had disappeared in the Atlantic, rendering its waters un Si quæras Helicen et Burin, Achaïdas urbes, In the original, El Almirante. “In Spanish Amer-navigable. ica." says M. de Humboldt, "when El Almirante is pronounced without the addition of a name, that of Columbus is understood; as, from the lips of a Mexican, El Marchese signifies Cortes ;" and as among the Florentines, Il Segretario has always signified Mach iavel. Note 3, page 28, col. 2. "Thee hath it pleased-Thy will be done!" he said. "It has pleased our Lord to grant me faith and assurance for this enterprise-He has opened my unSee derstanding, and made me most willing to go.' his Life by his son, Ferd. Columbus, entitled, Hist. del Almirante Don Christoval Colon, c. 4 and 37. Whose voice is truth, whose wisdom is from heaven. The compass might well be an object of superstition. A belief is said to prevail even at this day, that it will refuse to traverse when there is a dead body on board-Hist. des Navig. aux Terres Australes. Note 5, page 28, col. 2. Columbus erred not. When these regions were to be illuminated, says Acosta, cùm divino concilio decretum esset, prospectum etiam divinitus est, ut tam longi itineris dux certus hominibus præberetur.-De Natura Novi Orbis. At the destruction of Callao, in 1747, no more than one of all the inhabitants escaped; and he by a providence the most extraordinary. This man was on the fort that overlooked the harbor, going to strike the flag, when he perceived the sea to retire to a considerable distance; and then, swelling mountain-high, it returned with great violence. The people ran from their houses in terror and confusion; he heard a cry of Miserere rise from all parts of the city; and immediately all was silent; the sea had entirely over whelmed it, and buried it for ever in its bosom: but the same wave that destroyed it, drove a little boat by the place where he stood, into which he threw himself and was saved. A romantic circumstance is related of some early And (whence or why from many an age withheld). Note 12, page 29, col. 1. Hast led thy servant verte d'un manteau, mais la tête nue, qui tenoit de la "They may give me what name they please. I To return was deemed impossible, as it blew al-[ See the Inscription, p. 27. Many of the first dis 43 coverers, if we may believe B. Diaz and other contemporary writers, ended their days in a hermitage, or a cloister. Note 16, page 29, col. 1. 'Twas in the deep, immeasurable cave Of Andes. Vast indeed must be those dismal regions, if it be true, as conjectured (Kircher. Mund. Subt. I. 202), that Etna, in her eruptions, has discharged twenty times her original bulk. Well might she be called by Euripides (Troades, v. 222) The Mother of Mountains; yet Etna herself is but "a mere firework, when compared to the burning summits of the Andes." Note 17, page 29, col. 2. One-half the globe; from pole to pole confess'd. Gods, yet confessed later.-MILTON. Ils ne laissent pas d'en être les esclaves, et de les honorer plus que le grand Esprit, qui de sa nature est bon.LAFITAU. Note 18, page 29, col. 2. Where Plata and Maragnon meet the main. Note 23, page 29, col. 2. He spoke; and all was silence, all was night! These scattered fragments may be compared to shreds of old arras, or reflections from a river broken and confused by the oar; and now and then perhaps the imagination of the reader may supply more than is lost. Si qua latent, meliora putat. "It is remarkable," says the elder Pliny, “that the Iris of Aristides, the Tyndarides of Nicomachus, and the Venus of Apelles, are held in higher admiration than their finished works." And is it not so in almost everything? Call up him that left half-told The story of Cambuscan boldNote 24, page 30, col. 1. The soldier, etc. In the Lusiad, to beguile the heavy hours at sea, Veloso relates to his companions of the second watch the story of the Twelve Knights. L. vi. Note 25, page 30, col. 1. So Fortune smiled, careless of sea or land! Rivers of South America. Their collision with adventurers, and gentlemen of the court. Primero was the tide has the effect of a tempest. Note 19, page 29, col. 2. Of Huron or Ontario, inland seas. Lakes of North America. Huron is above a thou sand miles in circumference. Ontario receives the waters of the Niagara, so famous for its falls; and discharges itself into the Atlantic by the river St. Lawrence. Note 20, page 29, col. 2. By Ocean severed from a world of shade. La plupart de ces îles ne sont en effet que des pointes de montagnes: et la mer, qui est au-delà, est une vrai mer Méditerranée.-BUFFON. Note 21, page 29, col. 2. Hung in the tempest o'er the troubled main. The dominion of a bad angel over an unknown sea, infestandole con sus torbellinos y tempestades, and his flight before a Christian hero, are described in glow. ing language by Ovalle.-Hist. de Chile, IV. 8. Note 22, page 29, col. 2. No voice, as erst, shall in the desert rise; the game then in fashion.-See VEGA, p. 2, lib. iii, c. 9. Note 26, page 30, col. 1. Yet who but He undaunted could explore. Many sighed and wept; and every hour seemed a year, says Herrera.-I, i, 9 and 10. Note 27, page 30, col. 2. The solemn march, the vows in concert given. His public procession to the convent of Rábida on the day before he set sail. It was there that his sons had received their education; and he himself appears to have passed some time there, the venerable Guardian, Juan Perez de Marchena, being his zealous and affectionate friend. The ceremonies of his departure and return are represented in many of the fresco paintings in the palaces of Genoa. Note 28, page 30, col. 2. While his dear boys-ah, on his neck they hung. "But I was most afflicted, when I thought of my two sons, whom I had left behind me in a strange country- -before I had done, or at least could be known to have done, anything which might incline And though I Alluding to the oracles of the Islanders, so soon to your highnesses to remember them. become silent; and particularly to a prophecy, deliv- would not suffer so earnest an endeavor for the excomforted myself with the reflection that our Lord ered down from their ancestors, and sung with loud lamentations (Petr. Martyr. dec. 3, lib. 7) at their sol-sidered that, on account of my unworthiness," etc.— altation of his church to come to nothing, yet I con emn festivals (Herrera, I, iii, 4) that the country would be laid waste on the arrival of strangers, completely clad, from a region near the rising of the sun. Ibid. II, 5, 2. It is said that Cazziva, a great Cacique, after long fasting and many ablutions, had an interview with one of the Zemi, who announced to him this terrible event (F. Columbus, c. 62), as the oracles of Latona, according to Herodotus (II, 152) predicted the overthrow of eleven kings of Egypt, on the appearance of men of brass, risen out of the sea. Nor did this prophecy exist among the Islanders alone. It influenced the councils of Montezuma, and extended almost universally over the forests of America. Cortes. Herrera. Gomara. "The demons whom they worshipped,' says Acosta, " in this instance told them the truth." F. COLUMBUS, c. 37. Note 29, page 30, col. 2. The great Gonzalo. Gonzalo Fernandes, already known by the name of the Great Captain. Granada surrendered on the 2d of January, 1492. Columbus set sail on the 3d of August following. Note 30, page 30, col. 2. Probably a soldier of fortune. There were more than one of the name on board. Note 31, page 31, col. 1. The Cross shone forth in everlasting light! Who bears Axalhua's dragon-folds to heaven. As the Roc of the East is said to have carried off the Elephant. See Marco Polo.-Axalhua, or the Emperor, is the name in the Mexican language for the great serpent of America. Note 34, page 31, col. 1. To where Alaska's wintry wilds retire. Note 43, page 31, col. 2. Oh had I perish'd, when my failing frame. Northern extremity of the New World.-See fight off the coast of Portugal.-Ibid. c. 5. Note 35, page 31, col. 1. From mines of gold Mines of Chili; which extend, says Ovalle, to the Strait of Magellan. I, 4. Note 36, page 31, col. 1. High-hung in forests to the casing snows. Note 44, page 31, col. 2. The scorn of Folly, and of Fraud the prey. By the Genoese and the Spaniards he was regarded as a man resolved on "a wild dedication of himself to unpathed waters, undreamed shores ;" and the court of Portugal endeavored to rob him of the glory of his enterprise, by secretly dispatching a vessel in "Lorsqu'il A custom not peculiar to the Western Hemisphere. the course which he had pointed out. The Tunguses of Siberia hang their dead on trees; avait promis un nouvel hémisphère," says Voltaire, *parceque la terre ne se laisse point ouvrir."-M."on lui avait soutenu que cet hémisphère ne pouvoit exister; et quand il l'eut découvert, on prétendit qu'il PAUW. avait été connu depuis long-temps." Note 37, page 31, col. 1. —and, through that dismal night. Aquella noche triste." The night, on which Cortes made his famous retreat from Mexico through the street of Tlacopan, still goes by the name of La NOCHE TRISTE-HUMBOLDT. Note 38, page 31, col. 1. By his white plume reveal'd and buskins white. Pizarro used to dress in this fashion; after Gonzalo, whom he had served under in Italy. Note 39, page 31, col. 1. O'er him a Vampire his dark wings display'd. A species of bat in S. America; which refreshes by the gentle agitation of its wings, while it sucks the blood of the sleeper, turning his sleep into death. -ULLOA Note 40, page 31, col. 1. 'T was Merion's self, covering with dreadful shade. -Now one, Now other, as their shape served best his end. Undoubtedly, says Herrera, the Infernal Spirit med various shapes in that region of the world. Note 41, page 31, col. 1. Then, inly gliding, etc. Note 45, page 31, col. 2. -He spoke not uninspired, He used to affirm, that he stood in need of God's particular assistance; like Moses when he led forth the people of Israel, who forbore to lay violent hands upon him, because of the miracles which God wrought by his means. "So," said the Admiral, “did it happen to me on that voyage."—F. COLUMBUS, c. 19.— "And so easily," says a Commentator, “are the workings of the Evil One overcome by the power of God!" Note 46, page 31, col. 2. "In his own shape shall Death receive you there." This denunciation, fulfilled as it appears to be in the eleventh canto, may remind the reader of the Harpies in Virgil.—Æn. III, v. 247. Note 47, page 31, col. 2. Rose to the Virgin. Salve, regina. Herrera, I, i, 12.-It was the usual as-service, and always sung with great solemnity. "I remember one evening," says Oviedo, "when the ship I was in full sail, and all the men were on their knees, singing Salve, regina," etc. Relacion Sommaria. The original passage is here translated at full The hymn, O Sanctissima, is still to be heard after length. Theo, inly gliding like a subtle flame, Thrice, with a cry that thrill'd the mortal frame, 1-magnum ai pectore possit Excussisse deum. 45 sunset along the shores of Sicily, and its effect may be better conceived than described. See BRYDONE, I, 330. Note 48, page 31, col. 2. Note 56, page 32, col. 1. For the effects of the telescope, and the mirror, on an uncultivated mind, see WALLIS's Voyage round the World, c. 2 and 6. Note 57, page 32, col. 2. Through citron-groves, and fields of yellow maize. Ætas est illis aurea. Apertis vivunt hortis. P.MARTYR, dec. i, 3. Note 58, page 32, col. 2. I believe that he was chosen for this great service; and that, because he was to be so truly an apostle, as in effect he proved to be, therefore was his origin obscure; that therein he might resemble those who were called to make known the name of the Lord from seas and rivers, and not from courts and palaces. And I believe also, that, as in most of his doings he was guarded by some special providence, his very name was not without some mystery: for in it is ex-"Cortes," says Bernal Diaz, " took possession of the The wild cotton-tree, often mentioned in History. pressed the wonder he performed; inasmuch as he country in the following manner. Drawing his sword, conveyed to a new world the grace of the Holy he gave three cuts with it into a great Ceiba, and Ghost, etc.-F. COLUMBUS, C. 1. said Ceiba. 'Mid branching palms and amaranths of gold! According to an ancient tradition. See Oviedo, Vega, Herrera, etc. Not many years afterwards a search of it: and no wonder, as Robertson observes, Spaniard of distinction wandered everywhere in when Columbus himself could imagine that he had found the seat of Paradise. Note 65, page 33, col. 1. And guavas blush'd as in the vales of light. They believed that the souls of good men were conveyed to a pleasant valley, abounding in guavas and other delicious fruits.-HERRERA, I, iii, 3. F. CoLUMBUS, c. 62. Note 66, page 33, col. 1. There silent sate many an unbidden Guest. "The dead walk abroad in the night, and feast with the living" (F. COLUMBUS, c. 62); and "eat of the fruit called Guannàba."-P. MARTYR, dec. i, 9. Note 67, page 33, col. 1. And sires, alas, their sons in battle slain! says Herodotus, the children bury their fathers; in time of war the fathers bury their children! But the Gods have willed it so.-I, 87. Note 68, page 33, col. 1. Cazziva. An ancient Cacique, in his life-time and after his death, employed by the Zemi to alarm his people. See F. COLUMBUS, c. 62. Note 69, page 33, col. 1. Unseen, unheard!-Hence, Minister of Ill. Note 70, page 33, col. 1. -too soon shall they fulfil. Nor could they, (the Powers of Darkness) have more effectually prevented the progress of the Faith, than by desolating the New World; by burying nations alive in mines, or consigning them in all their errors to the sword.-Relacion de B. DE LAS CASAS. Note 71, page 33, col. 1. When forth they rush as with the torrent's sweep. Not man alone, but many other animals, became extinct there. Note 72, page 33, col. 2. Who among us a life of sorrow spent. For a summary of his life and character, see “An Account of the European Settlements."-P. I, c. 8. Note 73, page 33, col. 2. Signs like the ethereal bow-that shall endure. Here, in His train, shall arts and arms attend. "There are those alive," said an illustrious orator, "whose memory might touch the two extremities. Lord Bathurst, in 1704, was of an age to comprehend the such things-and, if his angel had then drawn up curtain, and, whilst he was gazing with admiration, It is remarkable that these phenomena still remain had pointed out to him a speck, and had told him, among the mysteries of nature. Note 74, page 33, col. 2. He stood, and thus his secret soul address'd. Dante. Note 75, page 33, col. 2. And dash the floods of ocean to the stars. Young man, there is America-which, at this day, Assembling here, etc. How simple were the manners of the early colonists! The first ripening of any European fruit was When he entered the Tagus, all the seamen ran distinguished by a family-festival. Garcilasso de la from all parts to behold, as it were some wonder, a Vega relates how his dear father, the valorous Anship that had escaped so terrible a storm.-F. COLUM-dres, collected together in his chamber seven or eight BUS, C. 40. Note 76, page 33, col. 2. And Thee restore thy Secret to the Deep. I I wrote on a parchment that I had discovered what I had promised;—and, having put it into a cask, threw it into the sea.-Ibid. c, 37. Note 77, page 33, col. 2. To other eyes, from distant cliff descried. gentlemen to share with him three asparaguses, the first that ever grew on the table-land of Cusco. When the operation of dressing them was over (and it is minutely described) he distributed the two largest among his friends; begging that the company would not take it ill, if he reserved the third for himself, as it was a thing from Spain. North America became instantly an asylum for the oppressed; Huguenots, and Catholics, and sects of Balboa immediately concluded it to be the ocean every name and country. Such were the first settlers for which Columbus had searched in vain ; and when, in Carolina and Maryland, Pennsylvania and New at length, after a toilsome march among the moun-England. Nor is South America altogether without tains, his guides pointed out to him the summit from a claim to the title. Even now, while I am writing, which it might be seen, he commanded his men to the ancient house of Braganza is on its passage across halt, and went up alone.-HERRERA, I, x, 1. Note 78, page 33, col. 2. Hung in thy chamber, buried in thy grave. I always saw them in his room, and he ordered the Atlantic, Cum sociis, natoque, Penatibus, et magnis dîs. Untouch'd, shall drop the fetters from the slave. Je me transporte quelquefois au-delà d'un siècle. them to be buried with his body.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 86. J'y vois le bonheur à côté de l'industrie, la douce 47 |