• VII. The MUTTATOV was made with cheefe, garlick, and eggs, (12) beaten and mixed together.

VIII. The poor people made their bread hollow, in form of a plate; and into the hollow they poured a fauce. This fort of bread was called, (13) Misuaan, whence comes the verb (14) Misuaaãobar. The poor. Athenians lived likewise on garlick and (15) onions.

IX. The Greeks had many forts of cakes-(16) Fuρaμous (17) Σησαμούς-(18) Αμυλος-(19) Ιτρια-(20) Μελιτε τοῦτα (21) Οινοντα, &c.

X. Hitherto we have spoken of bread, and the other aliments which the earth supplied. But let not the reader therefore conclude, that the Grecks difliked animal food.-They ate flesh, commonly (22) roafted, feldom boiled; especially in the (23) heroical times of Greece.

XI. At Lacedæmon the young people ate animal food. A black foup, termed (24) Menas (wuos-supported the men and the old people.

XII. The poor ate likewife (25) grafhoppers, and the (26) extremities of leaves,

• XIII. The (27) Greeks were likewife great lovers of fish; a food, which, however, we do not find on, the tables of Homer's (28) heroes.

XIV. They were fond of eels dreffed with beet-rootThis difh they called (29) Εγχελεις εντετυτλανώμεναι. • XV. They liked salt-fish, of which the joll, and the belly were their (30) favourite parts.

XVI. They likewife ate fweet-meats, fruits, almonds, nuts, figs, peaches, &c. in Greek-(31) Tpwxzα-(32) Tрaysμata(33 Επισορπισματα (34) Πεμματα. They made the (35)

deffert.

• XVII. Salt, Axas, was used in almost (36) every kind of food.'

Notes to Chap. XI.

(1) Euripides, cited by Athenæus IV. 15. p. 158. E. tells us, that this food is neceffary. On the inventor of bread, fee Paufan. Arcad. IV. p. 604. and Athen. III. 26. pag. 109. A.

(2) Matth. xv. 2.

(3) Hom. 1a. E. v. 341. . v. 507.

(4) Hefiod. Egy. v. 146. 604.

(5) Hom. od. A. v. 147. Theocrit. Hecalifc. Idyll, xxiv. 135. Virg. Æneid. I. 705.

(6) Athen. 111. 27. p. III. E.

(7) Athen. III. 25. p. 110. A. and B. Suidas, and Hefychius at this word. The Septuagint. 1 Reg. xix. 6. Genef. xviii. 6, &c. (8) Athen. III. 26. p. 109. F. and p 110. C. He calls this kind of bread likewife 'Imvrns, p. 109. C. See Lucian. Lexiph. p. 823. Le Clerc ad Genef, xviii. 6.

(9). He

(9) Hefych. at the word Maga. Schol. Ariftoph. ad Pac. v. 1. Athen. xiv. p. 663. A.

(10) See Euftath. ad 1. A. p. 815. 1. 1. and Suidas, at the word Alpira. Polenta, torrefacti hordei farina; vel perfufum aquâ hor deum, primo ficcatum, deinde frictum, deinde molis fractum.Plin. viii. 7. The Portico at Athens where this meal was fold is called by Hefych. Αλφιτων sou-and Σταα αλφιτόπωλις, by Ariftoph. Ecclefiaz. 682.

(11) Schol. Ariftoph. ad Equit. v. 1100. et ad Ran. v. 134. gives a different defcription of this food.

(12) Schol. Ariftoph. ad Acharn. v. 173. It had many more ingredients, according to the Schol. ad Equit. 768. See Scaliger

in Moret. p. 157.

(13) Schol. Ariftoph. ad Plut. v. 627. Some write it Mun. See Spanh. ad h. 1. and Hemfterhuis.

(14) Ariftoph. 1, c. and Equit. 824.

(15) Schol. Ariftoph. ad Plut v. 819. and ad Equit. v. 597.
(16) Ariftoph. Equit. v. 277. and Schol.

(17) Ariftoph. Thefm. v. 577.

(18) Ariftoph. Pac. v. 1194.

(19) Ariftoph. Acharn. v. 1091.

(20) Ariftoph. Nub. 507. Lucian Lexiphan. p. 826. Pollux. VI.

11 Segm. 76.

(21) Ariftoph. Plut. v. 1122.

(22) Athen. I. io. p. 12 B.

(23) Servius, ad Æneid. I. 710. afferts, that the use of boiled meat was unknown in the heroic times; but Athen. I. 19. P. 25. E. differs from him; and he is fupported by the authority of Homer

We do not copy the notes farther, as thefe are a sufficient specimen.

As this work is intended chiefly for the ufe of schools, the Greek term is very properly annexed to every custom, &c. fo that in ftudying the customs, the scholar advances also in the knowledge of the language.

One difadvantage attending this performance is the want of either an Index, or a Table of Contents, which we have ourfelves experienced, in comparing this work with others of the fame kind. But this is eafy to be remedied in a future edition, and we think this work cannot but be ferviceable to young students, as it will fpare them, the labour of turning over different authors, where the information they stand in need of is lefs methodically arranged.

The paffage which Leifner here refers to is probably this:

• Ως δε λέβης ζει ἔνδον, επειγόμενος πυρι πολλῷ,

Κνισση μελδόμενος απαλοτρεφέος σιαλοι, Iλ. §. v. 362, 363.

V. Socrates

V. Socrates out of his Senfes. Or Dialogues of Diogenes of Sinope. Tranflated from the German of Wieland, by Mr. Winterfted. Two Vols. 8vo. 4s. Jewed. Davies.

SOCRATES

out of his Senfes is in the ftrictest sense of the word a philofopher. We find him here not the fnarling cynic, who from his tub railed at all the world, but the truly fenfible man, the friend of mankind, the citizen of the world; with a heart fufceptible of the tendereft emotions, and who gives leffons of importance to human welfare in the most facetious, and fometimes in the most pathetic, manner. The man of the leaft fenfibility will not read fome of these fections without feeling for fuffering virtue, and he whofe heart expands with univerfal benevolence will dwell delighted upon others. In all this, perhaps, the reader exclaims, I fee no trace of the spirit of Diogenes-not according to the idea which you have probably formed of it, gentle reader-if you chufe not to attribute fuch a difpofition, fuch fentiments, fuch manners, to him, suppose some one elfe in the fituation of Diogenes, and liften to him attentively. But to fuppofe any one in the fituation of Diogenes, fay you, one must also give him a churlish, unfociable difpofition, or why should he fhun the fociety of men? Why not conform to the customs of his countrymen ? One must ftill look on him as the fnarling wretch who could requite the benevolent offers of Alexander the Great only by bidding him ftand out of the way, and not prevent the fun from fhining on him. Be that as it may. Hear him, however, tell that story himself, as it may ferve for a fpecimen of his manner.

SECT. XXXVI.

• On a fine autumnal day I lay under a cyprefs in the Cranium, and enjoyed the fun-fhine, which in this feafon is fo agreeable to old people; when in one of those dreams I am ufed to abandon myfelf to, when I have nothing else to think of, I was unexpectedly intruded upon by a stranger, who, in the company of others that feemed little better than his flaves, came directly towards me. At first I did not observe him, but when he spoke to me, I began to perceive that there was fomebody between myfelf and the fun.

Art thou, faid he, meafuring me by his eyes with a certain boldness which in common people is called impudence, art thou that Diogenes whofe character and humour are fo much talked of in all Greece?

'I now obferved my man a little nearer than in the be ginning. It was a fine youth of a middle fize but wellfhaped, except that his head inclined a little to his left fide;

he

he had a broad forehead, large fparkling eyes, with which he pierced into your very foul, a happy phyfiognomy, a countenance in which pride and self-confidence, foftened by a certain grace, conftituted what we are used in kings to call majesty; I observed a diadem upon his head that entitled him to this affuming air, but I pretended not to fee it.

And who art thou, anfwered I coldly, that fanciest thou haft a right to ask that question.

I am only Alexander the fon of Philip of Macedon, replied the youth fmilingly. I confefs it, that at prefent this is not much, but fuch as I am, I am at Diogenes's fervice. As I knew thou wouldeft not come to me, I came to thee, to tell thee, that it would give me very great fatisfaction to set thy philofophy upon an cafier foot. Demand of me whatever thou pleafeft, it shall be granted thee immediately, provided it be only in the reach of my power.

Doeft thou promise it me upon thy royal word?

Upon my word, replied he.

Then said I, I befeech Alexander, the fon of Philip of Ma cedon, to be fo kind as to ftand out of the fun-fhine.

Is that all? faid Alexander.

All I want at prefent, anfwered I.

His courtiers grew pale with astonishment.

A king must keep his word, faid Alexander, turning himfelf towards his retinue with a forced smile.

He juftifies the nickname the Corinthians give him, said the courtiers, and deferves to be treated accordingly.

Let that alone, replied the youth; I affure you, were I not Alexander, I would be Diogenes,

Upon this they left me.

This adventure will make fome noife. I cannot help it.Seriously what should I have desired of him?—I will have nothing to do with fuch people-indeed I want nothing-and did I want any thing, have I not a friend? Ought I to receive favours of a king, when I refuse them of my friend, whom I might render happy by it.'

Such is the language of the prefent Diogenes. The ftory of Lamon, which he is here made to tell, ranks his humanity very high; and the adventure with Glycerion abounds with the nicest and most artful touches: the conclufion of it af fords a pattern of our author's abilities in the pathetic ftyle.

more.

Ah! Glycerion, to-morrow we fhall fee one another no

See each other no more? and why not?

• Because my prefence would be an obftacle to thy fortune. VOL. XXXIII. March, 1772.

е

• What

• What fortune? fpeak'ft thou feriously? canft thou think on separation?

I muft-my circumftances

• Should I be an obftacle to thy fortune, Diogenes ?

No, Glycerion! fortune and myself have no more dealings with one another.-It is myself who would be an obftacle to thine.

"If this be thy motive, hear me, Diogenes-I with no better fortune than that of living with thee. Thou deservest a friend, on whose bofom thou mighteft forget the injuftice of fortune, and of mankind. Do not think that I will be burdenfome to thee; I can knit, embroider, fpin,"excellent creature!

• I refifted a long time-but Glycerion adhered to her refolution. Tell me now, ye whom nature has endowed with a feeling heart, was I deceived when I thought I read in her eyes the character of a beautiful foul?

We confirmed by oath the compact of eternal friendship. We removed from Athens. The world knew nothing about us, and we forgot the world. Three happy years--my eyes will not permit me to go on.

ر

She is no more, the tender Glycerion! With her I loft all I could lofe. Her grave is the only spot of ground upon the earth, which I deign to call mine. Nobody, befides myself, knows that facred spot. I have planted it with rofes, which bloom like her bofom, and which no where diffuse a more delightful odour than in this place. Each year, in the month of rofes, I vifit this holy recefs. I fit down upon her grave, I pluck off a rofe, fuch once was the, thinks J, and having torn. the rofe in pieces, I ftrew the leaves around upon the grave. Then I recolle&t the enchanting dream of my youth, and a tear, which rolls down upon her grave, pacifies the beloved fhade.'

In justifying his own actions and confidering those of others, our philofopher intermixes a large portion of juft fatire; and he has given us a humourous plan of a republic, which being framed by such a legiflator, the reader will eafily believe to be a curiofity..

VI. The Hiftory of Female Favourites. 800. 45. 6d. Jiwed. Parker. WE have in this volume fome amufing relations felected

from different hiftories, which the writer has thought proper to embellish with a variety of incidents, generally probable, indeed, if not always authentic; thofe who are fond

of