536. Fathers'. Q and eds. 5, 6 read Father's; F reads fathers. 539. Born to be sav'd, etc. A sneer at the Calvinistic doctrine of election. 544. Zimri. George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham. On his relations with Dryden, v. B. S. xxi, xxviii. Dryden was fully aware of the genius shown in this portrait: v. 313, 314. The portrait is not only brilliant but just. As Scott writes: "The Restoration put into the hands of the most lively, mercurial, ambitious, and licentious genius who ever lived, an estate of £20,000 a year, to be squandered in every wild scheme which the lust of power, of pleasure, of license, or of whim could dictate to an unrestrained imagination." Buckingham was a member of the Cabal ministry, but was dismissed from office in 1674. Changing sides, he strove to become a leader of the Opposition, and "made a most active figure in all proceedings which had relation to the Popish Plot."-"As Dryden owed the duke no favor, he has shown him none. Yet, even here, the ridiculous rather than the infamous part of his character is touched upon, and the unprincipled libertine, who slew the Earl of Shrewsbury while his adulterous countess held her lover's horse in the disguise of a page, is not exposed to hatred." Yet Dryden glances at this intrigue in the name Zimri: v. Numbers xxv. 6-15. A pamphlet, replying to Dryden, Poetical Reflections on a late Poem entitled Absalom and Achitophel, by a Person of Honour, is ascribed to Buckingham by Wood in Athena Oxonienses. Malone (I, 1; 36, 37) reprints the opening lines of it. It has none of the sparkle shown in The Rehearsal. Professor Collins points out that Dryden drew hints for his portrait from Horace, 1 Satires, iii. 1-20, and Juvenal, iii. 73-77: cf. 329, 133–141. Pope, in Moral Essays, iii. 297-314 (Cambridge edition, p. 169) gives a brilliant, though inaccurate, description of the death of Buckingham. 117, 574. Balaam. Theophilus Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of the Lord Hastings whom Dryden lamented in his first poem. At first an adherent of Monmouth, he later changed sides and joined the party of James II. Well-hung may mean fluent, voluble, as in the following couplet, cited by Professor Firth: Flippant of talk and voluble of tongue, It has also, however, a coarser meaning, Caleb. Lord Grey, called cold because of the report that he consented to an intrigue between his wife and Monmouth. 575. Nadab. "William, Lord Howard of Escrick, although an abandoned debauchee, made occasional pretensions to piety. He had served under Cromwell and been a preacher of the Anabaptists. Being accused of inspiring a treasonable libel on the court party, he was sent to the Tower, where he uttered and published a canting declaration, asserting his innocence, upon the truth of which he received the sacrament. He is said, however, to have taken the communion in lamb's wool ale poured on roasted apples and sugar." [SCOTT.] There is a certain propriety in the name, since Nadab "offered strange fire before the Lord:" v. Leviticus x. 1. 581. Jonas. Sir William Jones, the attorney general who conducted the prosecution of those implicated in the Popish Plot. In November, 1679, he resigned his office, disgusted, it is said, with his work, and became an opponent of the court party. He drew up the Habeas Corpus Act, passed in 1679, which was a most important check on the arbitrary power of the government. Christie conjectures that he also draughted the Exclusion Bill. 585. Shimei. Slingsby Bethel, one of the two Whig sheriffs of London. He was a consistent republican, who had written both against royalty and against Cromwell. In lines 614, 615 Dryden probably refers to his recent tract, The Interest of Princes and States. Bethel's stinginess, in contrast to the hospitality expected of a sheriff, became proverbial. By packing juries with Whigs, the sheriffs protected persons prosecuted by the court party, thus securing an ignoramus verdict on Shaftesbury himself shortly after this poem was published. Dryden applies to him the name of the "man of the family of the house of Saul" who cursed David: v. 2 Samuel xvi. 5; 1 Kings ii. 36-46. Youth did early. F reads, early Youth did. 598. Sons of Belial. For the phrase, cf. Deuteronomy xiii. 13; 1 Samuel x. 27. 617. Rechabite. v. Jeremiah xxxv. 14. 624. Towns once burnt. Referring to the great fire of London: cf. 44, 833 f. 628. Moses'. Here and in 1. 649 the early editions print Moses's. 632. Corah. Titus Oates (1649-1705), the contriver of the Popish Plot. Except that Korah was a rebellious Levite (v. Numbers xvi) there is no special appropriateness in the name. Oates was the son of an Anabaptist, of a family of ribbon-weavers, who later became a Church of England clergyman. He himself first took orders in the Church of England; then, being disgraced for misconduct, became ostensibly a Catholic. During his subsequent travels in Spain he professed to have received a degree from the University of Salamanca (1. 658), and to have gained a knowledge of Jesuit plots against the English government. In his testimony, he continually pieced out his original deposition by additional information, which he stated he had at first forgotten. During the reign of James II he was fined, whipped, and pilloried for his perjuries; under William III he received a pension. 633. Erect thyself, etc. Dryden sarcastically compares Oates to the brazen serpent made by Moses, which brought salvation to the children of Israel: v. Numbers xxi. 6-9. 118, 649. A church vermilion, etc. Jovial churchmen are proverbially of a ruddy complexion: Molière speaks of Tartuffe's teint frais and bouche vermeille in a line (v. Tartuffe, i. 4) that may have been in Dryden's mind. And when Moses came down from Mount Sinai after his talk with the Lord, "the skin of his face shone:" v. Exodus xxxiv. 29–35; cf. 889, 103. 665. Writ. F reads Wit. 676. Agag's murther. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, the magistrate before whom Oates had made his deposition, was soon after found dead in a field, with his sword run through his body. Oates hastened to assert that he had been murdered by Catholics, and by his complete success gained credence for his other stories. Dryden here represents Oates as instigating Godfrey's murder in order to profit by it, and, though the mystery will probably never be solved, his explanation has important arguments in its favor. (Of the most recent writers, John Pollock, in The Popish Plot (1903) maintains that Godfrey was killed by Jesuits, as Oates asserted; Alfred Marks, in Who killed Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey? (1905), argues that he committed suicide.) For the scriptural comparison, v. 1 Samuel xv: Samuel reproached Saul for not killing Agag, king of the Amalekites. 682. Surrounded, etc. v. n. 110, 18. 688. His joy conceal'd. F reads Dissembling Joy. 697. Hybla-drops. The honey of Hybla in Sicily was famous: cf. 152, 1123, n. 705. Egypt and Tyrus. France and Holland. 710. Bathsheba. Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, the reigning mistress of Charles II. The preceding line refers to the subsidies which Charles received from France. 727. Believe. F reads believes. 119, 738. Wise Issachar. Thomas Thynne, of Longleat in Wiltshire, who entertained Monmouth on his progress through the kingdom in 1680. Wise is sarcastic: compare the description (Genesis xlix. 14) of Issachar as "a strong ass couching down between two burdens." 742. Depths. F reads depth. 750. A brother and a wife. Oates attempted to involve both the Duke of York and Queen Catherine in the Popish Plot. The queen's failure to bear children, by opening the way for the Duke of York's succession, was in a sense the cause of the party strife in England. 759. What shall we think? etc. In the remarkable passage that follows, Dryden sets forth his views on political philosophy. Unlike most Tories, he grounds the royal power not on divine right, but on a covenant made by the governed, to avoid the anarchy of a state of nature where all have right to all (1. 794). He thus shows his sceptical turn of mind by accepting a fundamental tenet of Hobbes. He will not, however, agree with Hobbes that this covenant once made is irrevocable, since such a conclusion leaves the people defenseless. Yet he sees, as well as Hobbes himself, that to admit that the governed can revoke their covenant, opens the door to anarchy. Unable to extricate himself from this logical dilemma, he subsides into a kind of opportunistic conservatism: innovation is justified in extreme cases, to preserve the falling State; otherwise, it is to be condemned. In Religio Laici (165, 166, 276-355) Dryden adopts a similarly shuffling attitude when discussing the relative authority of Scripture and tradition. 777. Add, that the pow'r. F reads, That Pow'r, which is. The pow'r for property allow'd. The recog nized possession of power. 785, 786. What standard, etc. The couplet is, for Dryden, singularly obscure. The fickle crowd is apparently compared to water, which, after rising to the mark or boundary it was intended to reach, overflows all the faster. (The editor is here somewhat indebted to a note by Professor Collins.) 804. To touch our ark. To commit sacrilege: for touching the ark of the covenant Uzzah was struck dead: v. 2 Samuel vi. 6, 7. 120, 817. Barzillai. James Butler, Duke of Ormond (1610-88). As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (cf. 1. 820) he had fought bravely on the side of Charles I. He was a companion in exile, and later a most loyal and honorable servant, of Charles II. To him Dryden dedicated in 1683 the translation of Plutarch's Lives for which he wrote the Life of Plutarch. Here he appropriately gives him the name of the aged benefactor of David, "a very great man:" v. 2 Samuel xix. 31-39. 829. His bed, etc. "The Duke of Ormond had eight sons and two daughters. Six of those sons were dead in 1681, when this poem was published." [SCOTT.] 831. His eldest hope, etc. Thomas, Earl of Ossory (1634-80). He had distinguished himself on sea in the Dutch wars of 1665-67 and 1672-74; and on land in 1677 and 1678, fighting with the Dutch under the Prince of Orange against the French. At the battle of Mons (v. n. 841, 25) he had commanded the English auxiliaries. He died of a fever in 1680. In ll. 832, 833 Dryden is indebted to Virgil, Eneid, v. 49, 50. 834. Unequal fates. Virgil's fata iniqua (unjust fates), Eneid, ii. 257; x. 380. 838. O narrow circle, etc. Cf. 4, 18, n; 274, 270-273. 844. O ancient honor, etc. Dryden is again indebted to Virgil; Eneid, vi. 878-880. 846. Thy name. F reads, thy Birth; eds. 4, 5, 6 read, his Name. 847. Fame. F reads Worth. 858. And left this verse, etc. The hearse was, according to N. E. D.: “A temple-shaped structure of wood used in royal and noble funerals. . . . It was customary for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs upon it." 864. Zadoc. William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury. v. 2 Samuel viii. 17. 866. The Sagan of Jerusalem. Henry Compton, Bishop of London, the youngest son of the second Earl of Northampton. Dryden takes the word sagan (more correctly segen), meaning prefect, governor, from the Hebrew. In post-biblical times the segen (abbreviated for segen of the priests) was the priest next in rank to the high priest. For this note, and for that on abbethdin (1. 188) the editor is indebted to Professor William Popper of the University of California. 868. Him of the western dome. John Dolben (1625-86), Dean of Westminster. By the prophets' sons (cf. 2 Kings ii. 3) Dryden means the boys of Westminster School. Dolben became Archbishop of York in 1683: cf. 7082, 5-7. 877. Adriel. John Sheffield (1648-1721), Earl of Mulgrave, and afterwards Marquis of Normanby (1694) and Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (1703). He was the patron to whom Dryden dedicated his Aureng-Zebe and his translation of the Eneid. He is probably called sharp-judging because of his Essay on Satire (v. 905-908) and his Essay on Poetry. In 1679 Charles II bestowed on him the governorship of Hull, and the lord lieutenancy of Yorkshire, two of the offices that had been taken from Monmouth. For further details, v. B. S. xxv, xxvi. 882. Jotham. George Savile (1633-95), Viscount, Earl, and finally Marquis of Halifax, was the leader of the Trimmers, a small party that sought to mediate between the Whigs and the Tories, thus trimming the boat. From 1673 to 1679 he had been in opposition to the government, as a leader of the Country party, the predecessors of the Whigs; he was thus associated by political principles with Lord Shaftesbury, with whom he was also connected by marriage. From the first, however, he opposed the project of excluding the Duke of York from the succession; and by his eloquent speeches in the House of Lords, November 15, 1680, in opposition to Shaftesbury, he actually turned the balance against the Exclusion Bill (cf. n. 114, 402). (So Jotham in a parable rebuked the conspirator Abimelech and his followers, and foretold their ruin: v. Judges ix.) His services to the king's party gained him a commanding influence in the government from May, 1681, to March, 1682. Dryden in 1691 dedicated to him his opera of King Arthur. "Curiously enough, Halifax records, on the authority of Dryden himself, that the poet was at one time offered money to write verses against him (Devonshire House 'note book')." H. C. FOXCROFT: Life and Letters of Sir George Savile, Bart., First Marquis of Halifax, London, 1898, vol. i, p. 327. Piercing. F reads ready. 888. Hushai. Laurence Hyde (1641-1711), Viscount Hyde, later Earl of Rochester, son of the Earl of Clarendon, whom Dryden addressed in an early poem: v. 15. Hyde, when young, held important diplomatic offices; in 1679 he was made First Lord of the Treasury, and became one of the most important ministers of the time. He was a patron of Dryden, to whom poems ridiculing him are falsely ascribed: v. 917, 921. Hushai, the friend of David, was the chief agent in overthrowing the counsel of Achitophel: v. 2 Samuel xv-xvii. 121, 899. Amiel. "Edward Seymour was descended of the elder branch of the illustrious family of that name. [The then Duke of Somerset was descended from a younger branch of the same family.] He was Speaker of the House of Commons, 1673-79." [SCOTT.] 910. Th' unequal ruler of the day. Phaethon, the son of Apollo, god of the sun, who rashly attempted to drive his father's chariot. 944. Th' offenders, etc. The Whigs had questioned the king's power to pardon and commute punishment, notably in the cases of the Earl of Danby and Lord Stafford. 957-960. But O son! These lines are not found in F; they were added to soften the satire on Monmouth. 965. Patriot's. v. n. 112, 179. 966. Supplant. F reads destroy; the change is again in the direction of mildness. 971. His old instructor, etc. "Shaftesbury, who lost his place as Chancellor in November, 1673." CHRISTIE. But the line may possibly refer to Shaftesbury's dismissal in October, 1679, from the post of Lord President of the Council, to which he had been appointed in the preceding April: cf. 140, 203. 122, 981. They petition. v. n. 112, 179. The next line refers of course to Genesis xxvii. 22. 987. Unsatiate, etc. v. Proverbs xxx. 15, 16. 1006. Law, etc. Moses on Mount Sinai was not allowed to behold the face of the Lord, "For there shall no man see me, and live;" he was permitted, however, to see the "back parts" of the Lord (Exodus xxxiii. 20-23). Dryden here terms Grace the hinder parts of Law: the Whigs have clamored for Law against the Catholics and denied the king's power to grant pardon; hence they shall behold the face of Law and die themselves. 1010. By their own arts, etc. Dryden borrows from Ovid: cf. 727, 739, 740. 1012. Against themselves, etc. "This is rather an imprudent avowal of what was actually the policy of the court faction at this time. They contrived to turn against Shaftesbury and his party many of those very witnesses by whom so many Catholics had been brought to execution." [SCOTT.] 1028. Henceforth, etc. Cf. 11, 292, 293; 29, 71, n.; 428, 5-8. PROLOGUE TO THE LOYAL BROTHER. Neither of these pieces is directly assigned to Dryden in the 1682 edition of Southerne's play, from which the present texts are taken. But in the dedicatory letter in which Southerne offers to the Duke of Richmond "the first fruits of his Muse," there occurs the following sentence: "Nor durst I have attempted thus far into the world, had not the Laureate's own pen secur'd me, maintaining the outworks, while I lay safe intrench'd within his lines; and malice, ill nature, and censure were forc'd to grin at a distance." The two pieces were also published by Tonson as a broadside (undated), of which the editor has used a copy made at the British Museum. Here both pieces are ascribed to Dryden, and the epilogue is said to have been "spoken by Mrs. Sarah Cook:" cf. 1552 (Epil.). The only variations of text of any importance are And (for But) in 1. 43 of the Prologue, and to (for till) in l. 2 of the Epilogue. In 11. 36 and 46 of the Prologue the text published with the play reads, They miter'd and inspire: both obvious misprints. 123', 7. Petitions. v. n. 112, 179. 13. The Whig, etc. This was part of the program of Shaftesbury's party in 1681. 19. Grave penny chroniclers, etc. Scott printed a copy (v. SS. vi. 237-240) of the identical pamphlet to which Dryden refers, and of which his verses might serve as a summary. It describes the pope-burning of November 17, 1679. 20. Sir Edmond-berry. v. n. 118, 676. 1232, 50. Five praying saints, etc. The Convent icle Act of 1664 prohibited all religious meetings, not in accordance with the practice of the Church of England, at which there should be assembled "five persons or more . . . over and above those of the same household." 7. The King's House. "Where the play was acted." ScOTT. 1241, 15. An honest jury, etc. Cf. n. 117, 585. 21. The leaden farthing. Alluding to the tokens issued by tradesmen in place of copper money, which, though not a legal tender of payment, continued to be current by the credit of the individual whose name they bore." [SCOTT.] 25. Pension-parliament. “The parliament which sat from the Restoration till 1678 bore this ignominious epithet among the Whigs." SCOTT. 40. True Protestants. A title that the Whigs arrogated to themselves, insinuating that the Tories were false ones, almost Papists: cf. n. 1091, 6, and heading to Mac Flecknoe, 134. There is also an allusion to the emigration of the French Huguenots into England, caused by the persecuting spirit of the French government. PROLOGUE TO THE PRINCESS OF CLEVES. Lee based his play on the celebrated romance of the same title, by Mme. de La Fayette. The virtuous Princess of Cleves confesses her love for the Duke Nemours to her husband, and claims his protection against herself. The Prince of Cleves dies of grief at the thought of her (assumed) infidelity. Thereupon her sense of honor and duty proves stronger than her love for Nemours, whose advances she rejects, afterwards retiring entirely from life at court: v. Epilogue, IL 23-32. This delicate central situation Lee surrounds with an underplot unusually filthy even for the Restoration stage. Nemours is the person described in the opening lines of the Prologue. 1242, 19. Perjuria, etc. OVID, Ars Amat. i. 633: cf. 727, 714, 715. 1251, 34. Renouncing. At this time, to renounce was to fail to follow suit, though in possession of a proper card. It now usually means to fail to follow suit through the lack of a proper card. 6. High-flying. An epithet applied to the extreme Tories, who supported lofty claims on behalf of the authority of the king and the Church. THE MEDAL. On this poem, v. B. S. xxviii. The motto is from Virgil, Eneid, vi. 588, 589: cf. 604, 792-795. As in the case of Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden's name was never directly joined to the poem during his lifetime. 126', 14. Polander. "It was a standing joke among the opponents of Shaftesbury, that he hoped to be chosen King of Poland at the vacancy in 1673-74 when John Sobieski was elected. [SCOTT.] Hence his followers were called Polanders. 23. B. George Bower, the artist of the Medal: v. headnote. 34. No-Protestant Plot. A tract in three parts, by Robert Ferguson (v. 142, 321, n.) published in 1681-82. The full title of the first part is: No Protestant-Plot: or the pretended conspiracy of Protestants against the King and Government discovered to be a conspiracy of the Papists against the King and his Protestant Subjects. Mr. T. F. Henderson writes in D. N. B.: "The authorship of the first two parts has usually been ascribed to Shaftesbury, but Ferguson claims the authorship of the whole three." The object of it was to defend Shaftesbury and the Whigs from the charge of having treasonable designs against the king at Oxford. 42. Scanderbeg. An Albanian prince (1414?67), famous for his wars against the Turks. When the Turks captured Alessio, where he was buried, the janizaries disinterred his bones, and used them as amulets. 1262, 10. Association. Among Shaftesbury's papers there was found the draught of a project, unsigned, and not in his handwriting, for an Association to protect the Protestant religion, the king's person, and the liberties of the subject, against the exercise of arbitrary power. This was a main support of the charge of high treason that had been rejected by the grand jury. Similar projects had also been mooted in parliament. "Another vote [in the House of Commons of the second short parliament 1680] went much higher; it was for an Asso ciation, copied from that in Queen Elizabeth's time, for the revenging the king's death upon all Papists, if he should happen to be killed. The precedent of that time was a specious color. But this difference was assigned between the two cases: Queen Elizabeth was in no danger but from Papists; so that Association struck a terror into that whole party, which did prove a real security to her, and therefore her ministers set it on. But now it was said there were many republicans still in the nation, and many of Cromwell's officers were yet alive, who seemed not to repent of what they had done; so some of these might by this means be encouraged to attempt on the king's life, presuming that both the suspicions and revenges of it would be cast upon the duke and the Papists. Great use was made of this to possess all people that this Association was intended to destroy the king instead of preserving him." BURNET. Lord Essex. . . moved (in the House of Lords of the same parliament] that an Association should be entered into to maintain those expedients [of limiting the royal power in case a Catholic should become king), and that some cautionary towns should be put into the hands of the Associators during the king's life to make them good after his death. The king looked on this as a deposing of himself. and as worse than the Exclusion." IBID. 7. To petition in a crowd. The Act of 13 Car. II. c. 5 (1661), provided that no persons, without previous legal permission, should procure more than twenty signatures to any petition, and that no petition should be presented to the king or the parliament by a body of more than ten persons. 1, 6. Your dead author's pamphlet, etc. The reference is to An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England, by Andrew Marvell (1621-78), published in 1677. "As it traced the intrigues of the court of England with that of France, it made a great impression on the nation." [SCOTT.] Buchanan. George Buchanan (1506-82), famous as historian, political writer, and Latin poet. In the work mentioned in the text he defends limited monarchy. The book was a favorite with the men of the Long Parliament, but the editor can find no confirmation for the statement that Milton was particularly indebted to it. 2. Guisards. Cf. 154, 155 (Prol.); 8, 101, 102. Davila. An Italian historian (1576-1631). His Storia delle Guerre Civili di Francia is said to have gone through more than two hundred editions. Theodore Beza. A French reformer (Théodore de Bèze, 1519-1605), the leader of the Calvinist party after the death of its founder. 15. Some. So in eds. 1 and 3; ed. 2 reads same. 3. A parallel betwixt this Association, etc. "In 1584 there was a general Association entered into by the subjects of Queen Elizabeth for the defense of her person, supposed to be endangered by the plots of the Catholics and malcontents." [SCOTT.] 56. Of the one. Eds. 2 and 3 omit the. 127, 23. Let your verses, etc. Settle, for example, continually introduces parodies of Dryden's own verses into his Absalom Senior, which he wrote in reply to Absalom and Achitophel; cf. B. S. xxviii. 30. The Nonconformist parson, etc. v. n. 1093, 1 (verse). 41. Is printed. Eds. 2 and 3 read are printed. 61. Saucy Jack. Jack was a common epithet at this time for a low-bred or ill-mannered fellow. 128, 10 (prose). Irish witnesses. Certain Irishmen who, protected by Shaftesbury, had told of a Catholic plot in Ireland, later turned against him. The Whigs refused to credit them when they began to swear on the Tory side. 3 (verse). Polish. v. n. 1261, 14. 26. A martial hero, etc. There is much misrepresentation in the following lines; v. n. 111, 150. Shaftesbury was twenty-three before he became a rebel; and, according to Christie, the charges in ll. 32–35, 38, lack authority, and that in 1. 37 is exaggerated. 27. Pigmy. Cf. 111, 157, n. 41. Interlope. To traffic irregularly, without a proper license: cf. 261, 17. 62. White witches. Witches using their supernatural arts only for good purposes. 65. He loos'd, etc. v. 112, 175, n. 129, 73. So Samson, etc. v. Judges xvi. 15-20. 77. When his just sovereign, etc. In March, 1672, the king, supported by Ashley, who was shortly afterwards created Earl of Shaftesbury, issued a Declaration of Indulgence, granting toleration to Catholics and Dissenters. When parliament resisted this measure, as an abuse of the prerogative, Charles withdrew it, in March, 1673. Shaftesbury, who seems to have learned in the meantime of the intrigues of Charles with France for the establishment of the Catholic religion in England, then supported, in opposition to the king, the Test Act, by which all honest Catholics and most dissenters were excluded from office. Owing to this proceeding he lost his place as Chancellor in November, 1673, and ceased to be one of the king's advisers. He then entered on a course of violent opposition to the king. 94. Thou leap'st, etc. Dryden inserts this long line of fourteen syllables, for which he was unjustly ridiculed by contemporaries, to symbolize, by its departure from regular meter, the departures of the crowd from reason. (Cf. 429, 75, n; 785, 83, n; 820, 666; 891, 106, n; 897, 568.) At this time, also, Pindar was regarded as a peculiarly wild and ungovernable poet: v. 912, 26. Hence, in translating some of his odes, Cowley used an irregular versification, in which he frequently employed Alexandrine lines, of twelve syllables, hence called Pindaric lines; and occasionally still longer lines, of fourteen syllables: cf. 181, 512. |