1728. Endued, etc. "Cf. divinæ particulam auræ: Horace, 2 Satires, ii. 79." [WILLIAMS.] 241, 1732. And time, etc. Christie suggests that this phrase may be due to Horace's simul inversum contristat Aquarius annum (1 Satires, i. 36): cf. 4062, 4 (Song). 1750. A mack'rel gale. "A strong breeze such as mackerel are best caught in." N. E. D. 1759. As Martins, etc. "Perhaps another scoff at Martin Luther." WILLIAMS. 1769. A Raven, etc. Cf. 437, 18, 19. 1776. Signs. Ed. 1 reads sign. 1783. The Sibyl's hand, etc. v. 558, 561-577. 1788. Chelidonian. From xeλidov, a swallow. There is a reference to the fable of Icarus, who was drowned in the Ægean Sea, a part of which was called from him the Icarian. 1791. The wiser sort. Probably dramatic; the Church of England would naturally welcome a migration of the English Catholics to France. 1806. Truth in dreams, etc. Dryden had been reading Chaucer: v. 824, 138-155; cf. 220, 212, n. 242, 1814. Nostradamus. A famous French Jewish astrologer (1503-66), who published his prophecies in the form of rhymed quatrains. Cf. 2602, 1; 822, 23. 1832. Ahaz' dial, etc. v. 2 Kings xx. 8-11; Joshua x. 12-14: cf. 205, 106-109; 37, 472. 1834. A chapel, etc. A chapel of ease is a chapel built for the convenience of parishioners who live far from the parish church." N. E. D. 1843. Gibeonites. v. Joshua ix. 23. 1859. St. Martin's day. November 11. 1860. "Who but, etc. This turn of phrase may be another sign of Dryden's reading of Chaucer: cf. 757, 381: 765, 426; Cant. Tales, A 1870 (original of the latter passage). 1874. Marriage-off'rings. Ed. 1 reads marr'age off springs. 1878. Lucina. The goddess in the Roman mythology who presides over childbirth. 243, 1887. Need. So eds. 1 and 2; ed. 3 reads needs, a proof that the adverbial need was already giving place to needs. 1898. But birds, etc. "A parody on Lee's fa- May there not be a glimpse, one starry spark, 1925. Poll'd. This word, found in eds. 1, 2, 3, 1927. The laws, etc. A law of Queen Elizabeth (27 Eliz. c. 2), confirmed under James I (1 Jac. I, c. 4), provided that any Jesuit or other Catholic priest found in England should be liable to the penalties of high treason; that is, to be hanged, drawn, and quartered. Any one harboring such a person the same law made guilty of felony, and liable to the death penalty. 1931. And there, etc. "It is a vulgar idea that a dead swallow, suspended in the air, intimates a change of wind by turning its bill to the point from which it is to blow." SCOTT. Corps are. v. general note, p. 931. 1949. An old fanatic author. "John White, a Puritan member of the Long Parliament, had been very active in the ejectment of the clergy. In order to encourage and justify these violent measures, he published his famous treatise, The First Century of Scandalous Malignant Priests, made and admitted into benefices by the Prelates (1643), a tract which contains, as may be inferred from its name, a hundred instances of unworthiness, which had been either proved to have existed among the clergy of the Church of England, or had been invented to throw a slander upon them." [SCOTT.] 1953. The sunshine, etc. "The Hind intimates that, as the sunshine of Catholic prosperity, in the fable, depended upon the king's life, there existed those among her enemies who would fain have it shortened. But from this insinuation she exempts the Church of England, and only expresses her fears that her passive principles would incline her to neutrality." SCOTT. This passage is an additional proof that no allusion to the Declaration of Indulgence is intended in 11. 1844-1854: cf. n. 240, 1713. 244, 1961. Pardelis. So eds. 1, 2, 3: pardalis is Latin (from the Greek) for a female panther. 1966. If, as, etc. The following passage is in support of the earlier policy of James II, cf. n. 216 (To the Reader). By making a declaration of his intention of maintaining the Church of England, the king hoped he could induce his Tory parliament to repeal the severe penal laws against the Catholics, and the Test Acts of 1673 and 1678. The conduct of the Church of England, in retaining the sanguinary penal laws of Elizabeth and James I, however laxly they might be enforced, is shown to be more cruel than that of Louis XIV, who in 1685 had revoked the Edict of Nantes, which, since 1598, had secured toleration for the Huguenots. Cf. n. 2171, 1. 1983. Curst, etc. v. 1 Kings xii. 6-11. 1992. The Test. The Test Act of 1678 v. n. 216 (To the Reader) - had been brought forward at the height of the excitement over the Popish Plot. The Duke of York with difficulty secured the exemption of himself from its provisions. Shaftesbury, who had supported the Test Act of 1673, was particularly prominent in promoting this later measure, which Dryden, with much reason, represents as a prelude to the effort of the Whigs, in the Exclusion Bill of the next year, to set aside the succession of the Duke of York to the throne. "Though the Test Act was devised by a statesman whom they hated, and carried by a party whom they had opposed, the High Church clergy were not the less unwilling to part with it, when they found the advantages which it gave them against the Papists in King James's reign." [SCOTT.] 2009. More just, etc. v. Matthew xxvii. 3-5. 2013. Oates. V. n. 117, 632. Bedloe was a scoundrel whose false testimony in the time of the Popish Plot excitement was second in importance only to that of Oates. 2020. The painted, etc. "The poet alludes to the enchantress Duessa (Falsehood), who, when disrobed by Prince Arthur, was changed from a beautiful woman into a loathsome hag (Faerie Queene, I. viii. 46–50)." [SCOTT.] 245, 2027. Miter'd, etc. The Anglican bishops retain their seats in the House of Lords; the Catholic peers, though spiritually kindred to the king, are excluded. 2029. Metal. Eds. 1, 2, 3 read mettle; but the two words, etymologically the same, were not in Dryden's time separated in spelling. 2033. Atheists, etc. Who could freely deny transubstantiation, and therefore sit in parliament. Some of them might even feel justified in occasionally taking the sacrament according to the rites of the Church of England, as prescribed for office-holders by the Test Act of 1673. Cf. n. 216 (To the Reader). 2038. To the Church. Ed. 1 reads from the church. 2048. Toby's rival, etc. "The fiend in the Book of Tobit, who haunted Raguel's daughter, is frighted away by fumigation, by Tobias, her bridegroom." [SCOTT.] v. Tobit viii. 1-3. 2053. Butt and peace. The phrase is taken from Dryden's version of The Tempest: v. SS. iii. 166, 167, 191; it had evidently become proverbial. The sense is, "to have what one wants without fighting for it." Cf. 2641, 35. 2055. In forma pauperis. As a pauper, who was allowed writs and subpoenas gratis, and had counsel assigned him without fee. 2060. Methinks, etc. v. 611-615, 68–352. 2084. When first, etc. During the first months of the reign of James II the readiness of the nation to trust and oblige him seemed unbounded. 2090. In vain, etc. It is impossible to say just what portions of Dryden's poem were written after the Declaration of Indulgence; v. n. 216 (To the Reader). Ll. 2090-92 would naturally, but not necessarily, have preceded it; 1. 2105 contains a probable, but not a certain allusion to it; l. 2186 f unquestionably followed it: v. nn. 247, 2190, 2240; 251, 2527. Perhaps II. 2050-2185 are Dryden's attempt at a transition from one point of view to the other. 246, 2103. Then Conscience, etc. Lord Halifax (cf. n. 120, 882), for example, published a pamphlet, A Letter to a Dissenter, urging the Dissenters to side with the Church of England, and not to be misled by the pretended toleration offered them by the king. But this may have been later than Dryden's poem. 2107. Th' associating name. A reminiscence of the times of Shaftesbury: cf. 1262, 10, n. 2112. O Proteus, etc. v. 483, 484, 557-598. 2117. Immortal pow'rs, etc. v. 819, 554-556; 843, 335, 336. 2119. Conscience, etc. Scott points out that the arguments in this speech are versified almost literally from a contemporary tract. 2133. Possess, etc. Cf. 3082, 19: v. Luke xxi. 19 2140. Your, etc. Cf. 225, 531, n. 2150. Wishing, etc. "That is, wishing the accession of the Prince of Orange, then the presumptive heir of the crown." SCOTT. 2159. Your neighbor nation. Holland. 2170. Your friends oppress'd. The refugee Huguenots, whom James II had at first welcomed and protected, and the persecution of whom he had publicly denounced. In this he was not sincere: v. MACAULAY, ch. vi. 247, 2190. She gave her up, etc. A plain intimation of the king's abandonment of hope for a reconciliation between the Catholic Church and the Church of England. 2200. A plain good man, etc. James II, portrayed as he wished himself to be known. 2218. Coward. So eds. 1 and 2; ed. 3 reads cowards. 2235. The fabric. "The Catholic chapel at Whitehall." SCOTT. 2240. Doves. "The clergy of the Church of England, and those of London in particular. The virulent and abusive character which our author here draws of the clergy, and particularly those of the metropolis, differs so much from his description of the Church of England in the person of the Panther that we may conclude it was written after the publishing of the Declaration of Indulgence, when the king had decidedly turned his favor from the Established Church. Their quarrel was now irreconcilable, and at immediate issue; and Dryden therefore changes the tone of conciliation with which he had hitherto addressed the heretic Church into that of bitter and unrelenting satire. Dryden calls them Doves, in order to pave the way for terming them, as be does a little below (1. 2358), birds of Venus, as disowning the doctrine of celibacy. The popular opinion that a dove has no gall is well known." [SCOTT.] 2245. Salt. "Perhaps with reference to the state endowments of the Established Church (salarium, originally 'salt-money')." WIL LIAMS. . 248, 2247. Bound by promise. "His Majesty being dead, the duke, now King James II, went immediately to Council, and. told their Lordships that . . he would endeavor to maintain the government both in Church and State, as by law established, its principles being so firm for monarchy, and the members of it showing themselves so good and loyal subjects. This being the substance of what he said, the Lords desired it might be published, as containing matter of great satisfaction to a jealous people upon this change, which his Majesty consented to." Evelyn's Diary, Feb. 4 (6), 1685. 2254. Harpies. v. 554, 555, 276-347. 2259. Dan, etc. Cf. 1 Samuel iii. 20. 2271. Melancholy. "Burton (Anat. Mel., p. i sec. 2, mem. 2, subs. 1) includes pigeons among fowl whose flesh is hard, black, un wholesome, dangerous, melancholy meat." WILLIAMS. 2289. Domestic poultry. "The Catholic clergy maintained by King James." [SCOTT.] 2300. The bird, etc. "The cock is made an emblem of the regular clergy of Rome, on account of their nocturnal devotions and matins." [SCOTT.] 2318. Sister Partlet. The nuns; v. 823, 68. 2320. Restiff. Ed. 1 reads restless. 249, 2325. Undress. Ed. 1 reads undrest. At the end of the verse eds. 1, 2, and 3 read pleas, which modern editors have changed to please. Please may have been what Dryden intended, although N. E. D. cites no instance of the spelling pleas for please later than 1503, and the expression make her pleas in the sense of plead her cause seems intelligible. 2326. A lively faith, etc. A sarcasm upon Article XII: Albeit that Good Works, which are the fruits of Faith, and follow after Justification, cannot put away our sins, and endure the severity of God's Judgment; yet are they pleasing and acceptable to God in Christ, and do spring out necessarily of a true and lively Faith; insomuch that by them a lively Faith may be as evidently known as a tree discerned by the fruit." 2336. An hideous figure, etc. "The Roman Catholic pamphlets of the time are filled with complaints that their principles were misrepresented by the Protestant divines." [SCOTT.j 2339. Some Egyptian. Ed. 1 reads, an Ægyptian. 2346. There, etc. "The worship of images, charged upon the Romish Church by Protestants as idolatrous." ScOTT. 2350. No Holland emblem. "The Dutch seem to. have been remarkable for emblems, of which their old-fashioned prints and figured pantiles are existing evidence." [SCOTT.] 2361. A law, etc. v. n. 243, 1927. 2370. Shibboleth. v. n. 244, 1992 and n. 216 (To the Reader). On the word, v. Judges xii. 6. 2387. For those, etc. The idea of these lines goes back to Greek literature. Lycurgus, In Leocratem, 92, quotes a similar saying from 'some of the old poets." 1 2392. The Meccan prophet. "The foolish fable of Mahomet accustoming a pigeon to pick peas from his ear, to found his pretensions to inspiration, is well known." [SCOTT.] 250, 2415. Buzzard. "Gilbert Burnet, well known as a historian, was born in Scotland in 1643. Being ordained, he obtained the living of Saltoun, in East Lothian. While in this living he drew up a memorial of the abuses of the Scotch bishops, and was instrumental in procuring the induction of some moderate Presbyterian divines into vacant churches. To measures so unfavorable for Episcopacy Dryden seems to allude in II. 2418-2421. He was next created Professor of Divinity at Glasgow; but, as his active temper led him to mingle much in political life, he speedily distinguished himself rather as a politician than as a theologian. In 1672 he was made one of the king's chaplains, and was in high favor both with Charles and his brother. He enjoyed much of the countenance of the Duke of Lauderdale; but a quarrel taking place between them, the duke represented Burnet's conduct in such terms that he was deprived of his chaplainry, and forced to resign his professor's chair and abandon Scotland. (He later had an opportunity of revenging himself upon Lauderdale; v. n. 2473.) During the time of the Popish Plot he again received a portion of the royal countenance. He was then preacher at the Rolls Chapel (v. n. 142, 396), and enjoyed a high degree of public consideration. By a too frank letter to King Charles, in reproof of the faults of his character and government, he forfeited his favor, at least for a time. This freedom, with his Low Church tenets, gave also offense to the Duke of York, who was moreover offended with him for some interference in the affair of the Exclusion. At length his devotion to Lord Russell drew upon him the full resentment of both brothers. After a final breach with the court he went abroad, and settled in Holland at the court of the Prince of Orange. Here he did not fail, with that ready insinuation which seems to have distinguished him, to make himself of consequence to the prince, and especially to the princess, afterwards Queen Mary. From this place of refuge he sent forth several papers relating to the controversy in England; and the clergy, who had formerly looked upon him with some suspicion, began now to treat with great attention and respect a person so capable of serving their cause. He was consulted upon every emergency; which confidence was no doubt owing partly to his situation near the person of the Prince of Orange, the Protestant heir of the crown. He stood forward as the champion of the Church of England in the controversy with Parker, Bishop of Oxford, who advocated the repeal of the Test Act (v. l. 2486). In the History of his own Time he talks with complacency of the sway which circumstances had given him among the clergy, and of the important matters which fell under his management; for he was admitted into all the secrets of the English intrigues. These insinuations of Burnet's importance may, from the very satire of Dryden, be proved to have been well founded. This acquired importance of Burnet is the alliance between the Pigeon house and Buzzard which Dryden reprobates, believing, or wishing to make others believe, that Burnet held opinions unfavorable to Episcopacy. This active politician had a very important share in the Revolution, and reaped his reward by being advanced to the see of Salisbury. He died in 1715." [SCOTT.] In Dryden's time the word buzzard was often applied to a stupid, blundering, ignorant per son. 2436. Son of Anak. v. Numbers xiii. 33. 2437. Like those, etc. Cf. 18, 48-50. 2445. His profit. Ed. 1 reads ambition. 2466. His praise, etc. "This applies to the sketches of character introduced by Burnet in his controversial tracts." [SCOTT.] 2468. A Greek, etc. Imitated from Virgil's timeo Danaos et dona ferentis (Eneid, ii. 49). 2469. Sev'n, etc. The Anglican Church retains only two (baptism and the Lord's Supper) of the seven Catholic sacraments. 2473. But he, etc. In 1675 the House of Com mons attacked the Duke of Lauderdale, the king's representative in Scotland, seeking his removal from office. Burnet, being summoned before a committee of that body, had testified that he had heard Lauderdale say "he wished the Presbyterians in Scotland would rebel, that he might bring over the Irish Papists to cut their throats." Burnet also gave other information of a private character unfavorable to Lauderdale. He defends himself against the charge of treachery, but admits that his conduct "had an ill appearance." Dryden's account is much exaggerated. 251, 2482. An Indian muck. "To run amuck is a phrase derived from a practice of the Malays. When one of them has sustained an insupportable calamity, he intoxicates himself and rushes into the streets, stabbing every one he meets, until he is cut down or shot, like a mad dog." [SCOTT.] Amuck was originally an adjective; it was falsely understood as a muck. 2497. Their patron's promise. v. n. 248, 2247. 2521. A gross idolater. Burnet had merely reiterated the usual Protestant charge, that transubstantiation was an idolatrous doctrine. Cf. n. 223, 410. 2527. A doom. The Declaration of Indulgence: v. n. 216 (To the Reader). 2530. License. Eds. 2 and 3 read Licence; ed. 1 reads licens'd. This is doubtless a misprint, though it might be made into sense by placing a semicolon after infring'd, and commas after but and oppress. 2537. Fowl of nature. Wild birds, explained in II. 2541-2549; cf. 842, 278. 2549. Rubicon. A reference to Cæsar's famous passage (B. c. 49) of the Rubicon, the boundary of his province, by which he entered Italy and began war on the Senate. 252, 2552. Shiloh. v. Genesis xlix. 10. 2554. Dionysius. "The tyrant of Syracuse, who, after being dethroned, is said to have taught a school at Corinth." [SCOTT.] 2560. And arts, etc. "In the Declaration of Indulgence James expressed his conviction that persecution was unfavorable to popuiation and trade." WILLIAMS. 2562. The smiths, etc. In carminibus Appius ait fabrum esse quemque fortuna. (From the opening chapter of a piece attributed to Sallust, Epistola (Secunda) ad Caesarem de Republica Ordinanda.) 2572. Two Czars, etc. Peter the Great and his half-brother Ivan, at this time joint rulers of Russia. Dryden prophesies discord between the High and Low Church parties in the Anglican body. Compare the conclusion of The Medal, 131, 287 f. 2577. Benting times. Times when pigeons are reduced to feed on bents, a sort of coarse grass. 2580. College of the bees. Probably nothing but a reference to Virgil: cf. 477, 478, 92–156; 848, 218. SONG FOR ST. CECILIA'S DAY. Saintsbury notes: "In Dryden's copy of Spenser, preserved at Trinity College, Cambridge, the note, Groundwork for a Song on St. Cecilia's Day, is set against F. Q. VII. vii. 12." 17. Jubal. v. Genesis iv. 21. 253, 52. Organ. St. Cecilia is by tradition the patron saint of music, and an angel is said to have visited her while she was still on earth. But the editor cannot discover Dryden's authority for making her the inventress of the organ, or for representing that she drew an angel to her by its notes. Cf. 733, 161–170. 63. Untune. When this world and the heavenly bodies are destroyed, the music of the spheres will cease; thus Music (the blast of the divine Trumpet) will untune (make incapable of harmony) the sky. The antithesis of music shall untune continues that of the dead shall live, the living die, and is typically Drydenian in style. Thus the universal frame ends, as it began, from harmony. Cf. SS. xviii. 312. EPIGRAM ON MILTON. "These lines were perhaps suggested by the distich written by Selvaggi in honor of the youthful poet, while he was at Rome, which Dryden has very happily amplified: Græcia Mæonidem, jactet sibi Roma Maronem; 4. Majesty. "Impressive stateliness of charac- The motto is Georgics, i. 498-502; cf. 453, 668-675. Puerum, which has been substituted for juvenem of the original, of course refers to the infant prince, and perjuria to the false testimony of Oates and others, in consequence of which many innocent Catholics lost their lives. Cf. 255, 256, 146-164. There are no significant variations of text in the two editions of 1688. The folio copy lacks the imprimatur that is found in the quarto, so that it is probably the later of the two. 254, 5. The day. June 10, 1688, of the old style corresponds to June 20 of the calendar now in use; Dryden here speaks of it as the longest day in the year. 9. Son. This word is a misprint for sun; the 55. Alcides. v. 209, 447, n. 65. The manna, etc. v. Numbers xi. 4-6. 255, 84. Sylvester. The present Pope of Dryden's note, Innocent XI, was in reality opposed to the policy of James II, and disliked the Jesuits, whose influence was predominant with the English king. 86. Large of his treasures. Christie notes the imitation of Virgil's largus opum (Eneid, xi. 338). Innocent XI had given large sums to aid the German Empire in its war with the Turks. 89. The former, etc. Constantine spent part of his youth in Britain. A mistaken opinion was current that he was born there, and that his mother was a British princess. 91. Whose exile, etc. Cf. nn. 145, 592; 148, 793. 94. Moon-ey'd. Purblind. The king's brief attempt to conciliate the Dissenters having failed, Dryden resumes his natural antipathy to them. 97. Shipwrack. v. 151, 152, 1065-1098, and headnote, p. 133. 102. The surviving eight. v. Genesis vii. 13. 118. Born, etc. The birth took place at about ten o'clock in the morning, in the presence of numerous witnesses. 121. Eaglet. v. 31, 11, n. 128. Not, etc. v. 532, 822-833. 152. Rebellion. "The great Civil War." SCOTT. 256, 154. Plagues. v. 48, 1066, n. 156. Fire. Cf. 44-51. 157. Plots. v. 111, 108, n. Test. v. n. 216 (To the Reader); 244, 1992, n. 158. Worse. The deaths of Catholics executed for supposed complicity in the Plot. 165. Enough, etc. "All the queen's former children died in infancy." SCOTT. 169. Enough, etc. "The year 1688, big with so many events of importance, commenced very unfavorably, with stormy weather, and an epidemical distemper among men and cattle." SCOTT. 176. Araunah's, etc. Dryden's reference should be to 2 Samuel xxiv. 18-25. 183. Year! The exclamation point is not found in the editions of 1688. 184. Five months, etc. "During the five months preceding the birth of the Chevalier de St. George, James was wholly engaged by those feuds and dissensions which tended to render irreparable the breach between him and his subjects. Dryden, like other men of sense, probably began to foresee the consequences of so violent and general irritation; and expresses himself in moderate and soothing language, both as to the past and future. Nothing is therefore dropped which can offend the Church of England." [SCOTT.] 190. Conscience, etc. Cf. 246, 2117, 2118. 199. Rome. The Latin words in the footnote mean, "lest enemies should entice away the gods by incantations." When the gods had deserted a city, it was thought to be doomed; cf. 542, 471-474; 15, 19-22. 216. Estian race. Cf. headnote, p. 133. 257, 237. Gigantic brood. Dryden's note exaggerates stories told, not of the giants, but of the Aloeidæ, Otus and Ephialtes, who, when only nine years old, threatened the Olympian gods with war, and would have succeeded in their rebellion had they been allowed to reach manhood. Cf. 604, 784 f. 257. Mercy, etc. v. Matthew xiv. 31. 258, 296. Amalek. Cf. 271, 28, n. 304. But you, etc. "The address to the queen has all the smoothness with which Dryden could vary the masculine character of his general poetry, when he addressed the female sex, and forms a marked contrast to the more majestic tone of the rest of the piece." [SCOTT.] 306. Beyond, etc. Cf. 40, 639, n; 208, 353. 259, 15. Jove, etc. Cf. 655, 167. 21. When, etc. "An allusion to the gradual exclusion of French wine, owing to the war, which culminated, ten years later, in the Methuen treaty and the establishment of port as the staple drink." (SAINTSBURY.] By the Methuen treaty (Dec. 27, 1703) England agreed to admit Portuguese wines on payment of two thirds of the duty imposed on French wines. 41. Horses, etc. Alluding to the act for disarming the Catholics, which provided that no Papist should keep a horse or horses above the value of five pounds." [SCOTT.] 260, 36. And make, etc. "Alluding to the addresses upon the Revolution." SCOTT. 1. Nostradame, etc. Cf. 242, 1814, n. 4. Our vast expenses. Owing to the elaborate scenery required for an opera. 261', 34. Our blacks. "It was the fashion, at this time, to have black boys in attendance, decorated with silver collars." [SCOTT.] 46. Selling, etc. v. 136, 181, n. 47. Dumfounding, etc. "Explained by a stage direction in Shadwell's Bury Fair (act iii, |