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course, which is said to be very elegant, in seeking a situation, he would take the the princess has translated into French, and Dr Hinchcliffe, Bishop of Peterborough, is to publish it in English. But, as an instance of her quickness and parts, I must tell you that she went to a Quaker's meeting. As she came away, one of the women came up to her, and told her she saw she was a foreigner, that she wished her much prosperity, and should be very glad if anything she had seen amongst them that day should contribute to her salvation. The princess thanked her very civilly, and said, Madame, je ne sçais, si la voye de silence n'est point la meilleure façon d'adorer l'Etre Supreme.' In short, she is a very singular personage, and I am extremely pleased that I have seen her. Adieu."

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HARDY THE SHOEMAKER AND A
NOBLE PATRON.

HARDY, who was tried for high treason in
1774, and acquitted, was a man of great
natural ability and much firmness. The
following particulars relating to the treat-
ment which he received from a noble lord,
who approved of his sentiments, are not
generally known :-

On the evening after his acquittal the noble reformer sent for him, to gratify his lordship's curiosity relative to the feelings he had experienced during his long imprisonment and trial. Dr Moore, the father of the lamented General Moore, was present at the conversation. On Hardy's being about to leave, his lordship said, "Hardy, some friends of mine have joined with me in raising a sum of money to relieve you from some of your sufferings, and reinstate you in business. Here is a hundred pounds at your disposal." Hardy thanked his lordship for the generous offer, and declined accepting it at that precise moment, as he had not then had time to determine where to live, but said, as his friends were active

liberty of calling again on his lordship, and avail himself of his liberality, when he had an opportunity of applying the money. A house in Tavistock street was fixed upon for Hardy to resume business as a shoemaker, and having occasion for cash, for he had advanced eighty pounds to help to defray the expense of his trial, he went again to his lordship's house to accept the assistance offered him. His lordship was not at home. A second time he called, and his lordship was not at home. A third a fourth- and many other times he called again, but his lordship could never be found. Hardy, thus disappointed, relinquished the hope of obtaining the proffered aid, and ceased to call. A year or two elapsed even before he saw the noble lord again. He had occasion to wait one night in the lobby of the Crown and Anchor Tavern, to see a member of the Whig Club, which had then been holding a meeting, when his lordship was coming down stairs. "Ah, Hardy," said his lordship, "I am glad to see you. I have forty pounds to give you, which you may have whenever you call on me." Surprised as Hardy was to find the offered hundred pounds reduced to a promised forty, he had the discretion to say that such a sum would be very acceptable, and he would avail himself of his lordship's permission to call upon him. He called, and called again, but his lordship was always invisible. Again tired out, Hardy suspended for some months his personal pursuit, but at last resolved to try the effect of a letter. This was done, but he could never obtain a penny from the liberal nobleman. One or two quack philanthropists of the present day, have been named as acting a part somewhat similar.

THE FEMALE COMPLAINT.
CUSTOM, alas! does partial prove,
Nor gives us even measure;
A pain it is to maids to love,

But 'tis to men a pleasure.

They freely can their thoughts disclose,
But ours must burn within;
We have got eyes and tongues in vain
And Truth from us is sin.
Men to new joys and conquests fly,
And yet no hazards run;
Poor we are left, if we deny;
And, if we yield, undone.
Then equal laws let custom find,
Nor thus the sex oppress;
More freedom grant to woman kind,
Or give to mankind less.

A French translator, when he came to a passage of Swift, in which it is said that the Duke of Marlborough broke an officer, not being acquainted with this Anglicism, translated it roué "broke on a wheel.”

The Gatherer.

DR HAHNEMANN, the founder of homœopathy, died in Paris on Sunday, the 2nd inst., aged 88. The 'Commerce' says: -“Dr. Hahnemann was born in 1755, at Meissen, of poor parents, and owed his education to the great aptitude for learning he gave evidence of at the little school where he was first placed. He was received doctor in physic at Heidelberg in 1781, and discovered, in 1790, the new system, which he afterwards designated homœopathy. He continued until 1826 his experiments and researches on his new system, and then published the result of his labours, under the title of Matière Medicale Pure.' In 1829 he published his Theory of Chronic Diseases, and their Remedies,' of which he gave a second edition in 1840. To those works must be added his Organon de l'Art de Guérir,' which ran through five editions. He also published nearly 200 dissertations on different medical subjects.

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The Census. By the returns just presented to the House of Commons relative to the population of the United Kingdom, as ascertained by the last census, it appears that the total population of England and Wales amounts to 15,911,646, and of Scotland to 2,620,207; the number of persons travelling by railways and canals on the night of the 6th of June, 1841, being 4,896. It further appears that the total population of Ireland amounts to 8,175,238, of whom 852,064 were ascertained to be members of the Established Church6,427,712 to be Catholics, 642,356 Presbyterians, and 21,808 Protestant Dis

senters.

Artesian Wells.-It is intended to carry the bore for the Artesian well in the Garden of Plants to the depth of 800 or 900 metres, whereas that at Grenelle is only 500 metres deep. The object of piercing so low is to find water of a high temperature. The expectation of doing so is founded on observations made by M. Arago and M. Walferdin, at Grenelle, that the temperature of the water increased in warmth one degree at every thirty-two metres' depth. -Paris paper.

Deaths Postponed.-In a country paper, a day or two ago, after a long list of births, marriages, and deaths, appears the following strange notice :-"Several deaths unavoidably deferred."

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Off she goes," said Mrs Smith to her spouse, as they started by the railway from Nine Elms. "There you are wrong," said Smith, "for this is the mail train."

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King Dagobert's Dish. - Sisenand, a Spanish chief, aspired to the crown, and obtained it A.D. 631, with the assistance of King Dagobert. It was agreed that in the event of the former proving successful he

should requite the service of his ally by giving him a famous bowl or dish of gold, which had been given to Torrismond, the son of Theodoric, by Actius, after the battle fought against Attila the Hun, at Chalons. This dish was, perhaps, the most valuable one ever seen in the world. It weighed five hundred pounds, and was thickly studded with diamonds and precious stones. It was given to Dagobert by Sisenand; but it was afterwards taken from his soldiers by those of the Spanish king. Dagobert claimed its restoration, and threatened, if this were refused, to invade Spain, but eventually consented to receive in lieu of it 200,000 pennies in gold, calculated by Pere Daniel to be equal to 1,600,000 livres, nearly 150,000l.

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Modern Pilgrims.--Those who feel alarm at the supposed progress of popery in our days, will perhaps be surprised to learn what was of common occurrence within a century from this date. In the Gentleman's Magazine,' for 1747, we see the following announcement:-" Tuesday, October 13th, being the anniversary of King Edward the Confessor, the tombs in Westminster Abbey were shut up by order of the dean and chapter, to prevent the great concourse of Roman Catholics who always repair thither on that day. Notwithstanding which, several of them were kneeling all the day at the gates, and paying their devotions to that saint."

History of a Picture. - The following account of the painting in the window of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, is given in the Ecclesiologist:'-The magistrates of Dort, in Holland, desiring to present Henry VII with something worthy to adorn his magnificent chapel, then building at Westminster, directed this window to be made, and Henry and his Queen sent their pictures to Dort. King Henry dying before the window was completed, it became the property of an Abbot of Waltham, who placed it in his abbey, where it remained till the dissolution in 1540. Robert Fuller, the last Abbot, removed it to a chapel in New Hall, Lord Ormond's seat, in Wiltshire, which was afterwards possessed by Thomas Boleyn, father of Anne Boleyn. In Elizabeth's reign, New Hall belonged to the Earl of Sussex; of his family the Duke of Buckingham bought it. His son sold it to General Monk, who buried the window under ground, but after the Restoration replaced it in the chapel. His son dying without issue, and the Duchess neglecting the seat, the chapel became ruinous. John Olivius, having probably purchased the estate from the heirs of the Monk family, demolished both house and chapel, but preserved the glass, in the hope of selling it for some church. It lay cased up in boxes till Mr Conyers purchased it for his chapel at Copthall,

near Epping, when he employed Price, an artist, to repair it. Mr Conyers building a new house, sold the window for 400 guineas to the Parliamentary Committee for repairing St Margaret's Church in 1758. A Dying Poet.-The death of Klopstock was one of the most poetical. In this poet's Messiah,' he had made the death of Mary, the sister of Martha and Lazarus, a picture of the Death of the Just;' and on his own death-bed he was heard repeating, with an expiring voice, his own verses 'On Mary.' He was exhorting himself to die by the accents of his own harp.

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Parents and Children.-See the trees flourish and recover their leaves; it is their root that has produced all, but when the branches are loaded with flowers and with fruits, they yield nothing to the root. This is an image of those children who prefer their own amusements and to game away their fortunes rather "than to give their old parents the cares which they want."

"To Marry is not to Marry."-At Carls bad and other places in Germany, the young ladies, on St Andrew's Eve, seat themselves with their backs to the door of the room, take a shoe between their teeth, and throw it over their heads with a jerk. If it fall with the toe outwards, it is a sign of a wedding; if with the heel, of staying under the father's roof. The lasses have another way of deciding this question :They listen outside a house till they hear the word "Ja," or "Nein." This is the utterance of the oracle.

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Watering Out-door Plants.-The best time for watering exposed plants is soon after sunrise. Evaporation will go on freely, but the atmosphere is getting warmer, and the sun's rays exert their counteracting influence; if watered in the evening the roots are chilled and the plant checked in its growth. The darkened surface-that very condition which makes the soil throw off its heat more readily during the night-causes it to imbibe the heat of the sun's rays by day with increased facility, so that you thus have the greatest amount of the fostering agencies of heat and moisture for the growth of plants. When evening again comes round, the surface moisture has been dried up, and its colour again rendered of a lighter shade; there is consequently little diminution of temperature beyond surrounding objects, either from evaporation or radiation of heat.

Plain Dealing with the Plain.-The Chinese do not appear to be remarkable for their complimentary powers. When a person wishes to look better on canvas than in reality, the answer of the painter usually is, "No hab got handsome face, how can hab handsome picture?" The English artist who wishes to get on makes no such objection. He sometimes does

what would almost seem an impossibility, giving age and ugliness the air of youthfulness and beauty, yet so managed that the likeness cannot be denied. Here, a painter who cannot do this lacks patronage; a sculptor loses cast.

Petticoat Protection.-Among the many curious incidents arising from the rebellion of 1745, was that which happened to Strange, a celebrated engraver. When the battle of Culloden was over, he filed to a friend's house, pursued by the soldiers. In the hurry of the moment, not knowing where to place him, a young lady in the costume of the time, viz., a dress-hoop, offered to shelter him under the ample folds of her petticoat. Under this feminine protection he remained undiscovered. When the troubles of the time were passed, he rewarded with his hand the lady who had manifested such singular kindness to a fugitive.

The

- The 'Liverpool Times' states that Government has at present under consideration plans for quickening the intercourse between England and Ireland, by forming a railway from Chester to Holyhead, on the plan proposed by Mr Stephenson. line, according to this plan, will cross the Dee just below Chester race-ground. Should the determination to carry out this great work be persevered in, it will have to be executed either in whole or in part at the public expense.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Erratum.-For "pounded," read "poured," in our answer respecting medallion wafers, in No. 2,

Vol. II.

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Fuse the solid metals together, and add the mercury. When they are nearly cold, a gentle heat, and stirring them with an iron or wooden spatula, will amalgamate the whole. Pour the metal into the globe of glass, and at a certain temperature you will see it attach itself. When so done, pour the superabundant quantity out. The glass must be quite clear.

R.-Whitehead's essence of mustard is composed of oil of turpentine, camphor, and spirits of rosemary, and a little flour of mustard.

We will thank our correspondents to give us as much information as possible on the old foot-paths now threatened to be closed on the north side of London. Mr N. is informed that Windsor and Newton's moist colours, or Smith and Warner's body colours, are those most used for vellum painting. If made up from the powder let it be in parchment size. vellum requires no preparation. Relics of London, No. XV, accidentally delayed this week, shall certainly appear in our next.

The

LONDON: Published by CUNNINGHAM and MORTIMER, Adelaide Street, Trafalgar Square; and Sold by all Booksellers and Newsmen. Printed by C. REYNELL, 16 Little Pulteney street, and at the Royal Polytechnic Institution.

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Original Communications.

ST PETER'S AND THE POPES. WE some weeks back took occasion to notice the admirable model of the Church of St Peter's, at Rome, now exhibiting at 121 Pallmall. This week we submit a graphic representation of that beautiful work, and doing so, present the readers of the Mirror' with a correct picture of the vast original.

That Sir Christopher Wren had that majestic edifice in his mind when he planned the present Cathedral Church of St Paul, admits not of doubt. He could not give a higher proof of the admiration which it had inspired in his mind, and Sir Christopher was, in matters of architecture, no gentle critic. Even Westminster Abbey encountered his scornful condemnation. The venerable pile, he did not scruple to say, had no pretensions to be regarded as the work of an architect, as all that it presented was one block of stone lying upon another. St Peter's, at Rome, was in his eye what a magnificent temple of religion No. 1174]

ought to be. He has furnished a noble imitation, but one which in all respects falls far short of the parent structure, in grandeur as well as in interest.

What a volume might be written on St Peter's if we were to attempt to record a hundredth part of the events most striking in themselves, most important in their influence on the destinies of nations, which have there originated! The mind recoils in dismay from the magnitude of the subject. It was here that he who claimed to preside as the successor of St Peter gave laws to the civilised world. He made kings, and unmade them. The monarch who incurred the displeasure of the Pope had his kingdom laid under an interdict, and his subjects were officially told that disobedience was no longer unlawful, that their king was deposed.

How haughtily daring men conducted themselves in opposition to their rightful sovereign is finely exhibited in the proceedings against Becket, for high treason, in 1163. This individual, whose origin gave him no excuse for overbearing arrogance, who was described by Henry as [VOL. XLII.

under God's protection and his. Nevertheless, you my brethren and fellow-bishops, because you obey man rather than God, I call you to the audience and judgment of the Pope; and as from the enemies of the Catholic church, by authority of the apostolic see, I retire from hence.-And so made his escape, as hath been before related."

That Becket was subsequently murdered proves nothing against the power exercised by the Pope. The degrading penance to which he submitted, the barefooted pilgrimage and the scourging from knotted cords which he endured, prove how much the King of England at that period stood in awe of the occupant of St Peter's chair.

"a wretch who had eaten his bread, who had come to his court on a limping packhorse, carrying all his baggage at his back," this Thomas à Becket could meet, in the way described below, the anger of his king and the hostility of the other bishops, sustained by the favour and approbation of the Pope: "The bishops, by leave from the king, consulted apart, for they were either to incur his indignation, or with the great men, in a criminal cause, to condemn their archbishop, which, for the manifest violation of holy sanctions or canons, they dare not do. At length the matter was thus patched up by common council or contrivance of the bishops; that they would appeal the archbishop of perjury in the court of Rome, and bound themselves to the king in the word of truth, that they Pursuing this train of thought, we find would use their utmost endeavour to depose the powers claimed by the Holy Father him. Having thus obliged themselves to the were not more extraordinary than the humking, they all went from him to the arch- ble obedience in many cases, and the fierce bishop, and Hilary, Bishop of Chichester, in resistance in others, which they produced. the name of the rest, told him, that he had Hence the wild crusades, the frantic wars, been their archbishop, and then they were bound to obey him. But because he had the astonishing martyrdoms, which swell sworn fealty to the king, and did endeavour the page of history. to destroy his laws and customs, especially such as belonged to his terrene dignity and honour, therefore they declared him guilty of perjury, and that for the future they were not to obey a perjured archbishop. And therefore put themselves, and what was theirs, under the pope's protection, aud appealed to his presence, and appointed him a day to

answer these matters.

"The king and chief men (without the bishops) sitting in judgment, rege cum principibus (pontificibus substractis) sedente pro tribunali, it was most certainly believed, the archbishop would have been imprisoned, or somewhat worse have been done to him, for the king and all the great men that were present judged him perjured and a traitor. And the earls and barons and much company went from the king to the archbishop, of whom the chiefest person, Robert Earl of

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Leicester, told him he was to come and answer
what was objected against him, as he had
promised to do the day before, or he must
hear his sentence: he rising up said, Sen-
tence! yea son earl, hear you, when the
church of Canterbury was given to me, I
asked what manner of person that would
make me, and it was answered free and ex-
empt from the King's court. Et responsum
est, liberum et quietum ab omni nexu curiali
me redderet. Free therefore, and absolute as
I am, I will not, nor am I bound to answer to
those things from which I am exempt.' And
then added, My son earl, observe by how
much the soul is more worthy than the body,
by so much the more I am to obey God than a
terrene prince. But neither law nor reason
permits that children or sons should condemn
or judge their fathers, and therefore I decline
the sentence of the king, yourself, and others,
as being to be judged under God alone by
the pope.'
Unde regis et tuum et aliorum
judicium declino, sub Deo solo a domino papa
judicandus. To whose presence I do, before
you all, appeal, putting both the dignity and
order of the church of Canterbury, and my
own, with all things belonging unto them,

It might be curious to trace the encouragement which the arts received from St Peter's. Not descending to the meanness of humble utility in the first instance, the skill called forth by the noble prices paid for well-made relics, eventually improved our manufactures. Fine workmanship was required for those sanctified objects which were to perform miracles; decorations of ancient coffins, the dresses, ornaments, and chains of the disciples, and instruments of torture used against them and their friends, were produced in such abundance, that a very considerable commerce was established under the sanction of the head of the Christian world.

The individual placed in that high situation, it would naturally be supposed, must be one who at least had a great reputation for piety. No such thing. For years a man might continue to sit in the papal chair who laboured under the heaviest accusation. In 1416 John XXIII was charged with having, "by simony, obtained the dignity of cardinal, and by the same practices amassed a great heap of treasure; that he had conspired to poison his predecessor, Alexander V; that he had sold indulgences, and the relics of saints; that he had asserted there was no life after this, and denied the Resurrection; that his life had been dissolute, and he incorrigibly obstinate against all admonition; that from his youth he had been addicted to all vices; that he was a man of no devotion; that he was accused of incest with his brother's wife, and improper intercourse with nuns." These sins against decorum and religion before it was attempted to depose him. were charged against him for many years

In modern times Popes have been brought to reason by the indifference with which they and their threats are regarded even

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