From Migrants to Citizens: Membership in a Changing World

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Carnegie Endowment, 2000 - 514 ページ

Citizenship policies are changing rapidly in the face of global migration trends and the inevitable ethnic and racial diversity that follows. The debates are fierce. What should the requirements of citizenship be? How can multi-ethnic states forge a collective identity around a common set of values, beliefs and practices? What are appropriate criteria for admission and rights and duties of citizens? This book includes nine case studies that investigate immigration and citizenship in Australia, the Baltic States, Canada, the European Union, Israel, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and the United States. This complete collection of essays scrutinizes the concrete rules and policies by which states administer citizenship, and highlights similarities and differences in their policies. From Migrants to Citizens, the only comprehensive guide to citizenship policies in these liberal-democratic and emerging states, will be an invaluable reference for scholars in law, political science, and citizenship theory. Policymakers and government officials involved in managing citizenship policy in the United States and abroad will find this an excellent, accessible overview of the critical dilemmas that multi-ethnic societies face as a result of migration and global interdependencies at the end of the twentieth century.

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Introduction
1
Introduction
25
Citizenship and Immigration in Australia
32
The Dilemmas of Canadian Citizenship Law
82
Between Principles and Politics US Citizenship Policy
119
Introduction
175
Migration and Admittance to Citizenship in Russia
178
PostApartheid Citizenship in South Africa
221
Nationality in Mexico
312
Citizenship in the European Union
342
Introduction
383
Citizenship and Membership in the Israeli Polity
386
Citizenship in Japan Legal Practice and Contemporary Development
434
Chapter Fifteen
475
About the Authors
501
Index
505

Understanding Citizenship Policy in the Baltic States
253
Introduction
304

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105 ページ - Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.
58 ページ - ... citizen or entitled to the rights or privileges of a subject or citizen of a foreign power; 3.
413 ページ - By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband...
113 ページ - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
136 ページ - Citizenship is man's basic right for it is nothing less than the right to have rights. Remove this priceless possession and there remains a stateless person, disgraced and degraded in the eyes of his countrymen. He has no lawful claim to protection from any nation, and no nation may assert rights on his behalf. His very existence is at the sufferance of the state within whose borders he happens to be.
135 ページ - Court has asserted (Schneiderman v. United States (320 US 118, 1943) ) "is more serious than a taking of one's property, or the imposition of a fine or penalty. For it is safe to assert that nowhere in the world today is the right of citizenship of greater worth to an individual than it is in this country. It would be difficult to exaggerate its value and importance.
154 ページ - Whatever the procedure authorized by Congress is, it is due process as far as an alien denied entry is concerned.
325 ページ - I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen...
225 ページ - If our policy is taken to its logical conclusion as far as the black people are concerned, there will not be one black man with South African citizenship...

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