7. The Manners of the Antient Israelites, containing an account of their peculiar Customs, Ceremonies, Laws, Polity, Religion, Sects, Arts, and Trades, &c. &c. By Claude FLEURY. London, 1809. 8vo. and various

subsequent editions.

For the third and best edition, the public are indebted to Dr. Adam Clarke, who has enlarged the original work with much valuable information from the principal writers on Jewish antiquities. The Abbé Fleury's work was translated many years since by Mr. Farnworth. The late excellent Bishop of Norwich (Dr. Horne) has recommended it in the following terms: "This little book contains a concise, pleasing, and just account of the manners, customs, laws, policy, and religion of the Israelites. It is an excellent introduction to the reading of the Old Testament, and should be put into the hands of every young person."

8. Moses and Aaron: or, the Civil and Ecclesiastical Rites used by the Ancient Hebrewes. By Thomas GODWIN. London, 1634, 1641. 4to.

This compendium of Hebrew antiquities is now rather scarce. It was formerly in great request as a text-book, and passed through many editions. A Latin translation of it was published at Utrecht in 1690, and again at Franeker in 1710, in 12mo.

9. Apparatus Historico-criticus Antiquitatum sacri codicis et gentis Hebrææ. Uberrimis annotationibus in Thomæ Godwini Mosen et Aaronem subministravit Johannes Gottlob CARPZOVIUS. 4to. Francofurti, 1748.

The most elaborate system of Jewish antiquities, perhaps, that is extant: besides the annotations of Carpzov, it contains a Latin translation of Godwin's treatise.

10. Ceremonies, Customs, Rites, and Traditions of the Jews, interspersed with Gleanings from the Jerusalem and Babylonish Talmud, and the Targums, Maimonides, Abarbanel, Zohar, Aben-Ezra, Oral Law, &c. &c. By Hyam ISAACS. London [1835.] 8vo.

11. Jewish Antiquities, or a Course of Lectures on the Three first Books of Godwin's Moses and Aaron. To which is annexed a Dissertation on the Hebrew Language. By David JENNINGS, D.D. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1766; Perth, 1808, and London, 1823, in one volume 8vo.

This work has long held a distinguished character for its accuracy and learning, and has been often reprinted. "The treatises of Mr. Lowman on the Ritual (8vo. London, 1748), and on the Civil Government of the Hebrews (8vo. London, 1740), may properly accompany this work." (Bishop Watson.)

12. Antiquitates Hebraicæ secundum triplicem Judæorum statum, ecclesiasticum, politicum, et œconomicum, breviter delineate a Conrado IKENIO. Bremæ, 1741. editio tertia; 1764. editio quarta, 12mo.

There is no difference between these two editions, excepting that the errors of the press in the third edition are corrected in the fourth. The first edition appeared in 1737. This book of Ikenius is valuable for its brevity, method, and perspicuity. It continues to be a textbook in some of the universities of Holland (and perhaps of Germany.) In 1810, there was published at Utrecht, a thick 8vo. volume of Professor Schacht's observations on this work, under the title of Jo. Herm. Schachtii Theol. et Philolo'. Harderov. Animadversiones ad Antiquitates Hebræas olim delineatas a Conrado Ikenio Theol. Bremens. Patre mortuo, edidit Godfr. Jo. SCHACHT. This volume only discusses the first of Ikenius's sections, on the ecclesiastical state of the Hebrews; it contains many valuable additions and corrections, with references to other writers. Independently of its being an imperfect work, this volume is too bulky to be of use to students generally, but would prove valuable in the hands of any one who should compose a new treatise on biblical antiquities.

13. Archæologia Biblica in Epitomen redacta a Johanne JAHN. Editio secunda emendata. 8vo. Viennæ, 1814.

An elaborate compendium of biblical antiquities, abridged from the author's larger work on the same subject in the German language (in five large 8vo. volumes), and arranged under the three divisions of domestic, political, and ecclesiastical antiquities. "Although it comes short, from the nature of the case, of the excellence of the original (German) work, for extent and variety of learning, and vividness and conciseness of statement, it is a book which is very rarely surpassed." (North Am. Review, N. S. vol. viii. p. 136.) At the end of the volume are upwards of sixty pages of questions, framed upon the preceding part of the work; the answers to which are to be given by students. A faithful English translation of "Jahn's Biblical Archæology" was published at Andover (Massachussetts), in 1823, and

again in 1832 by Thomas C. Upham (assistant teacher of Hebrew and Greek in the Theological Seminary at that place), with valuable additions and corrections, partly the result of a collation of Jahn's Latin work with the original German treatise, and partly derived from other sources. The third volume of this Introduction (as our references will show) is much indebted to Jahn's Archæologia Biblica. This translation was neatly reprinted at Oxford in 1836, and again, in 1838, in 8vo.

14. Archæologia Biblica breviter exposita a Four. ACKERMANN. Viennæ, 1826.

This is an expurgated edition of the preceding work, executed on the same principle as Professor Ackermann's edition of Jahn's Introductio ad Libros Veteris Fœderis, noticed in p. 159., No. 3. suprà, and with renewed declarations of the editor's profound submission to the Romish church. To render the work more complete, Dr. A. has subjoined a concise sketch of the History of the Jewish Nation, from the time of Abraham to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans. In revising our third volume for the press, constant refe

rence was had to this work.

15. Origines Hebrææ or the Antiquities of the Hebrew Republic. By Thomas LEWIS, M.A. London, 1724-5. 4 vols. 8vo. and various subsequent editions.

This is a laborious compilation, from the most distinguished writers, whether Jews or Christians, on the manners and laws of the Hebrews.

16. Melchioris LEYDEKKERI de Republica Hebræorum Libri xii. Amstel. 1704-10. 2 vols. folio.

17. Johannis PAREAU Antiquitas Hebraica breviter delineata. Trajecti ad Rhenum. 1817. Edit. secunda, 1824. 8vo.

An Appendix and Index to this summary of Hebrew Antiquities was published at Utrecht in 1825. 8vo.

18. Hadriani RELANDI Antiquitates Sacræ veterum Hebræorum recensuit, et animadversionibus Ugolianis-Ravianis auxit, Georgius Joannes Ludovicus Vogel. 8vo. Halæ, 1769.

The best edition of a valuable little summary, which for many years continued to be the text-book of professors.

19. The History and Philosophy of Judaism; or a Critical and Philosophical Analysis of the Jewish Religion. By Duncan SHAW, D.D. Edinburgh and London, 1788. 8vo.

An ingenious treatise, which is divided into four parts: 1. On the Divine origin of the Law; 2. Of the duration of the Mosaic economy; 3. That the Gospel is the last dispensation of God's grace to mankind in the way of religious discovery; 4. Corollaries arising from the subject of the work in the course of which the author takes occasion to vindicate the genius, divine origin, and authority of the Jewish religion, and its connexion with the Christian, against the objections and misrepresentations of modern infidels.

20. Caroli SIGONII de Republica Hebræorum Libri VII. editi à Jo. Nicolai. Lug. Bat. 1701. 4to.

21. Ernesti Augusti SCHULZII Theologiæ Doctoris, et Professoris quondam in Academia Viadrina celeberrimi, Compendium Archæologiæ Hebraicæ. Cum figuris æri incisis, edidit, emendavit, addenda adjecit, notisque locupletavit Abr. Phil. Godefr. Schickedanz. Dresdæ, 1793. 8vo.

This is, perhaps, the best summary of Hebrew antiquities extant in the Latin language; but, unfortunately, it is incomplete, the author having executed only two books, which treat of the political and ecclesiastical antiquities of the Hebrews. Professor Schulze, and his editor have diligently availed themselves of the labours of all previous writers on this topic, and have arranged their materials in a manner equally concise and valuable.

22. Ferdinandi STOSCH Compendium Archæologia Economica Novi Testamenti, ducentis thesibus comprehensum, et aliis aliisve notis illustratum. 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1769.

A small volume, of considerable rarity in this country; it treats of the private life and manners of the Jews, as mentioned in the New Testament, and may serve as a supplement to the imperfect work of Schulze, last noticed.

23. Lectures on Jewish Antiquities: delivered at Harvard University in

Cambridge. A.D. 1802 and 1803. By David TAPPAN, D.D. late Hollis Professor of Divinity in that Seminary. Boston [Massachussetts], 1807.

8vo.

The nature and design of the Jewish Constitution, political and religious, are discussed in these lectures, which were published after the author's decease. The tendency of the Hebrew Ritual to promote the glory of God and the happiness of man is frequently illustrated in a pleasing and devout manner.

24. A. G. WAEHNERI Antiquitates Hebræorum et Israeliticæ Gentis. Gottingen, 1741. 2 tomis 8vo.

This work is incomplete, the author having died before its publication; it contains much valuable information relative to the literature of the Jews.

SECTION II.

TREATISES ON PARTICULAR SUBJECTS IN BIBLICAL ANTIQUITIES.

§ 1. SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY.

[i.] Treatises on Biblical Geography.

1. Onomasticon Urbium et Locorum Sacræ Scripturæ; seu Liber de Locis Hebraicis, Græcè primum ab EUSEBIO Cæsariensi, deinde Latinè scriptus ab Hieronymo, in commodiorem vero ordinem redactus, variis additamentis auctus, Notisque et Tabulâ Geographicâ Judææ illustratus, opera Jacobi Bonfrerii, recensuit et animadversionibus suis auxit Joannes CLERICUS. Accessit Brocardi Descriptio Terræ Sanctæ. Amstelodami, 1707. folio.

2. Samuelis BOCHARTI Geographia Sacra; cujus Pars prior, Phaleg, de Dispersione Gentium, et Terrarum Divisione factâ, in ædificatione Turris Babel: Pars posterior, Chanaan, de Coloniis et Sermone Phonicum, agit. Cadomi (Caen) 1646, folio. Francofurti ad Monum, 1674. 1681. 4to. Also in the third volume of the folio edition of Bochart's Collective Works.

3. Johannis Dividis MICHAELIS Spicilegium Geographiæ Hebræorum exteræ post Bochartum. Partes I. II. Gottinga, 1760. 1780. 4to.

Some observations on the first part of this learned work, which is not always to be procured complete, were published by John Reinhold Forster, intitled Epistolæ ad J. D. Mi"chaelis, hujus spicilegium Geogr. Hebr. jam confirmantes, jam castigantes. Gottinga, 1772, It is desirable to unite this tract with the work of Michaelis; but unfortunately both works are extremely rare and dear.

4to.

4. Friderici SPANHEMII Introductio ad Geographiam Sacram, Patriarchalem, Israeliticam, et Christianam. Lugduni Batavorum, 1679. 8vo. Also in the first volume of Spanheim's Collected Works.

5. Hadriani RELANDI Palæstina ex monumentis veteribus et tabulis adcuratis illustrata. Traject. Batav. 1714. 2 tomis 4to.

This elaborate work is also to be found in the sixth volume of Ugolini's Thesaurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum.

6. An Historical Geography of the Old and New Testaments. By Edward WELLS, D.D. 4 vols. 8vo. 2 vols. 8vo.

This learned work was originally published in four detached parts or volumes: it has frequently been printed at the Oxford press, and is too well known to require commendation; a new edition, revised and corrected from the discoveries of Sir William Jones and other eminent scholars, was published by the English editor of Calmet's Dictionary in 4to. in the year 1804. There are also copies in two or three vols. crown 8vo. Dr. Wells's Geography of the New Testament was translated into German by M. Panzer, with numerous additions and corrections, in two vols. 8vo. Nuremberg, 1764.

7. Sacred Geography: or, a Gazetteer of the Bible, containing, in alphabetical order, a Geographical Description of all the Countries, Kingdoms, Nations, and Tribes of Men, with all the Villages, Towns, Cities, Provinces, Hills, Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, Seas, and Islands, mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures or Apocrypha. By Elijah PARISH, D.D. Boston [Massachussetts], 1813. 8vo.

This geographical dictionary of the Scriptures is chiefly compiled from the Onomasticon of Eusebius and Jerome, the Historical Geography of Wells, the great dictionary of Father Calmet, and the publications of various modern travellers. The book is very neatly printed, and has furnished many articles to our Geographical and Historical Index, in the third volume of the Introduction.

8. A Scripture Gazetteer and Geographical and Historical Dictionary. By J. S. MANSFORD. London, 1829. 8vo.

9. A Geography of the Bible, compiled by J. W. and J. A. ALExander. Philadelphia, 1830. 12mo.

10. Sacred Geography: or, a Historical and Descriptive Dictionary of every Place mentioned in the Scriptures. By William SIME. Edinburgh,

1834. 12mo.

11. Abstract of Biblical Geography. By M. L. R. PERRINE, D.D. Auburn [New York], 1835. 8vo.

12. Description de la Terre Sainte par Andreas BRÆM, publiée à Bâle en 1834. Traduction Française, revue et augmentée par F. de Rougemont. Neuchatel, 1837. 12mo.

A carefully-written manual of sacred geography, from which the present edition has derived many corrections and some additions.

13. The Biblical Geography of Central Asia; with a general Introduction to the Study of Sacred Geography, including the antediluvian period. By E. F. C. ROSENMÜLLER, D.D. Translated from the German, with notes, by the Rev. N. MORREN, A.M. Edinburgh, 1836-37. 2 vols. 12mo. Also forming Vols. XI. and XVII. of the Edinburgh Biblical Cabinet.

14. The Scripture Gazetteer: a Geographical, Historical and Statistical Account of the Empires, Kingdoms, Countries, Provinces, Cities, Towns, Villages, &c. &c. mentioned in the Old and New Testaments, their antient History, native productions, and Present State. By William FLEMING, D.D. Edinburgh, 1838. 2 vols. royal 8vo.

15. Jo. Matth. HASII Regni Davidici et Salomonæi Descriptio Geographica et Historica; unà cum Descriptione Syriæ et Ægypti. Norimbergæ, 1739. folio.

16. Car. Christ. Sigism. BERNHARDI Commentatio de Caussis, quibus effectum sit, ut Regnum Judæ diutius persisteret, quam Regnum Israel. Cum Tabulâ Geographicâ. Lovanii, 1825. 4to.

This was a prize dissertation, composed (as the author states in his proemium) under considerable disadvantages, and with no other literary aid than the Scriptures and Havercamp's edition of Josephus. It is a very interesting publication, to which the first chapter of our third volume is indebted for some valuable observations.

17. Observationes Philologicæ et Geographicæ: sive Geographiæ Sacræ Specimen primum. Quo Urbes ac Regiones, quarum in Sacris Litteris fit mentio, breviter describuntur, iisdemque verus situs, justaque nomina redduntur. Amstelodami, 1747. 8vo.

The deficiencies of Calmet and some other writers on gcography, are supplied in this little work, which treats on the city of Jerusalem, the country of Elijah, the city of Hebron, the region of Ophir, the country of Abraham, the city of Eglain, and a few other places.

18. The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem, as connected with the

Scripture Prophecies. By the Rev. George WILKINS, A.M. Second Edition. Nottingham, 1816. 8vo.

19. Hadriani RELANDI de Spoliis Templi Hierosolymitani Liber singularis. Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1716. 8vo. Edit. secunda, 1775. With preliminary Disquisition and Notes by Prof. Schulze.

20. Ferdinandi SтOSCH Syntagma Dissertationum Septem de Nominibus totidem Urbium Asiæ; ad quas D. Joannes in Apocalypsi Filii Dei Epistolas direxit. Guelpherbyti, 1757. 8vo.

[ii.] Biblical Atlasses and Maps.

1. An HISTORICAL MAP of Palestine or the Holy Land, exhibiting the peculiar features of the country, and of all places therein, connected with Scripture History; interspersed with ninety-eight vignettes illustrative of the most important circumstances recorded in the Old and New Testaments. New Edition, London, 1838.

The size of this beautifully-executed map is 40 inches by 274: it has been drawn by Mr. Assheton and engraved by Mr. Sidney Hall. The vignettes will be found very amusing to young persons, while they serve to impress on the mind the leading points of sacred history and geography. The map is accompanied by a folio sheet of letter-press, containing explanatory references to the vignettes. The design of the latter is to embody and connect with the names of places marked upon the map, the principal incidents in Jewish history by placing the texts of Scripture in which such incidents are mentioned close to the name of the place where the transaction occurred. The sheet of letter-press also comprises a brief outline of the history of Palestine from the earliest period the stations of the tribes- - and Buhle's œconomical calendar of the country, exhibiting the state of the weather in the Holy Land throughout the different months of the year, and containing useful remarks on the various productions of the soil.

2. A new Map of Palestine and the Adjacent Countries; constructed from Original Authorities, shewing their Ancient and Modern Geography, with the Routes of various Travellers. By Richard PALMER. London, 1828 on a large sheet, 24 inches by 28.

3. A Map, illustrating the Ministerial Journeys of our Lord and Saviour. Jesus Christ, constructed from the design of the Rev. J. C. CROSTHWAITE, A.M., by A. Arrowsmith. London, 1830.

4. A Map, illustrating the Travels of St. Paul, constructed from the design of the Rev. J. C. CROSTHWAITE, A.M., by A. Arrowsmith. London,

1830.

"These two maps..... form a useful supplement to the Atlasses to the Bible, hitherto published; for although almost all of them have Maps of Judæa adapted to the evangelical history, yet in no one of these do we recollect to have seen the several routes of our Saviour and of the great apostle of the Gentiles so clearly laid down as in Mr. Crosthwaite's maps. The addition of references to the various passages of the Gospels in which the ministerial journeys of Christ are narrated, and to those parts of the Acts and Epistles, in which the routes of St. Paul are either mentioned or described, greatly enhances the value of these maps." (Christian Remembrancer, February, 1830, vol. xii. p. 100.)

5. A Map of Palestine in the time of our Saviour, illustrative of the Books of the Evangelists. Designed and engraved by Thomas STARLING. London, 1832. Twenty-seven inches in length by twenty in width.

6. An Historical Map of Palestine, or the Holy Land delineated. By John HUNT. [Twenty-eight inches in length by twenty-two in width.] With a Companion to the same, consisting of Historical and Geographical Notices of the Principal Towns, &c. of that Country. London, 1832.

7. A Pictorial, Geographical, Chronological, and Historical Chart, being a Delineation of the Rise and Progress of the Evangelical or Christian Dis