de Propaganda Fide at Rome, for the benefit of the Coptic Christians in Egypt. The Arabic version is placed by the side of the Coptic text.

4. Psalterium Coptice, ad codicum fidem recensuit; Lectionis varietatem et Psalmos Apocryphos Sahidicâ Dialecto conscriptos, ac primum à G. C. Woidio editos, adjecit J. L. IDELER. Berolini, 1838. 8vo.

5. Duodecim Prophetarum Libros, in Lingua Ægyptiaca, vulgo Coptica seu Memphitica, ex Manuscripto Parisiensi descriptos et cum Manuscripto Johannis Lee, J. C. D. collatos, Latine edidit Henricus TATTAM, A. M. Oxonii, 1836. 8vo.

6. Novum Testamentum Ægyptiacum, vulgo Copticum, ex MSS. Bodleianis descripsit, cum Vaticanis et Parisiensibus contulit, et in Latinum Sermonem convertit David WILKINS. Oxonii, 1716. 4to.

A fragment of the Lamentations of Jeremiah (ch. IV. 22. and ch. V.) and some fragments of the prophet's epistle to the Jewish captives at Babylon, forming the sixth chapter of the apocryphal book of Baruch, are printed in Coptic, with a literal Latin version, by M. Quatremère, in his Recherches sur la Langue et Littérature de l'Egypte, pp. 228 246. (Paris, 1804,) who has illustrated them with numerous learned notes.

Sahidic, or Dialect of Upper Egypt.

7. Appendix ad Editionem Novi Testamenti Græci e Codice Alexandrino descripti a G. C. Woide: in quâ continentur Fragmenta Novi Testamenti, juxta Interpretationem Dialecti Superioris Ægypti, quæ Thebaica vel Sahidica appellatur, e Codd. Oxoniens. maxima ex parte desumpta: cum Dissertatione de Versione Ægyptiaca, quibus subjicitur Codicis Vaticani Collatio. Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1799. folio.

This work, which contains the completest collection of fragments of the Sahidic Version, was prepared for the press by Dr. Woide, and published after his death by the Rev. Dr. Ford.

8. Friderici MÜNTER Commentatio de Indole Versionis Novi Testamenti Sahidicæ. Accedunt Fragmenta Epistolarum Paulli ad Timotheum, ex Membranis Sahidicis Musei Borgiani, Velitris. Hafniæ, 1789. 4to.

Bashmouric, or Dialect of Bashmour, a Province of the Delta.

9. Fragmentum Evangelii S. Joannis Græco-Coptico-Thebaicum, ex Museo Borgiano, Latine versum et Notis illustratum ab Augustino Antonio GEORGIO. Romæ, 1789. 4to.

There is an interesting account of this publication in the Analytical Review, vol. xvi. pp. 418-421.

10. Fragmenta Basmurico-Coptica Veteris et Novi Testamenti, quæ in Museo Borgiano Velitris asservantur, cum reliquis Versionibus Ægyptiis contulit, Latine vertit, nec non criticis et philologicis adnotationibus illustravit, W. F. ENGELBRETH. Hafniæ, 1816. 4to.

This publication contains fragments of the first and fifth chapters of the Prophecies of Isaiah, of the fourth chapter of St. John's Gospel, of St. Paul's first Epistle to the Corinthians, the Epistles to the Ephesians and to Philemon, the first Epistle to the Thessalonians, and of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in the Bashmouric, Thebaic, and Memphitic Dialects, with a literal Latin version. The corresponding Greek text is placed at the foot of the page. Notes are subjoined, pointing out the various readings, with critical remarks.

[v.] ETHIOPIC VERSION.

No entire Ethiopic Bible has been printed. Masch (Bibl. Sacr. part ii. vol. i. pp. 145—155.) has given an account of the various portions of the

Old and New Testament which have appeared. Of these the following are most worthy of notice:

:

1. Psalmi et Canticorum Æthiopice. Studio Johannis POTKEN. Romæ,

1513. 4to.

The first portion of the Ethiopic Scriptures ever printed. It is very rare: it was reprinted at Cologne in 1518, in folio.

2. Psalterium Æthiopice. Londini, 1657. folio.

In the third volume of Bp. Walton's Polyglott Bible: the text is taken from Potken's edition, with various readings, and notes by Dr. Edmund Castell.

3. Testamentum Novum; cum Epistola Pauli ad Hebræos...... Quæ omnia Fr. Petrus Ethiops, auxilio piorum, sedente Paulo III. Pont. Max. et Claudio illius regni imperatore, imprimi curavit anno salutis 1548. [Romæ]

4to.

This edition, which is of extreme rarity, is divided into two volumes and four separate parts, viz. 1. The Gospels, the translation of which is much superior to that of the Epistles, where the translator appears to have been unequal to the task. (The Epistle to the Hebrews is placed after the Gospels, because it was the only one of St. Paul's Epistles which they had received when they put to press the Gospels, Apocalypse, the Catholic Epistles, and the Acts);-2. The Acts of the Apostles;-3. The fourteen Epistles of Saint Paul;-4. The seven Catholic Epistles;-The Apocalypse is added as an Appendix. The MS. of the Acts being very imperfect, its chasms were supplied from the Vulgate. The Roman edition was reprinted in the London Polyglott; and a Latin translation of the Ethiopic version was published by Professor Bode at Brunswick, in 1752-1755, in 2 vols. 4to. (Michaelis, vol. ii. pp. 95-98. 610-614. Masch, part ii. vol. i. pp. 152, 153.)

4. Evangelia Sancta Ethiopica. Ad Codicum Manuscriptorum fidem edidit Thomas Pell PLATT, A.M. Londini, 1826. 4to.

[vi.] THE ARMENIAN VERSION.

Biblia, Armenice. Venetiis, 1805. 4to.

The first edition of the Armenian Bible was printed at Amsterdam in 1666, 4to., and was not very cordially received by the Armenian Christians, in consequence of its editor Uscan, Archbishop of Erivan, having altered it conformably to the Romish Vulgate Latin version. The second edition, which was printed at Constantinople in 1705, also in 4to., is much more valuable it was collated for Dr. Holmes's Edition of the Septuagint. Separate editions of the Armenian New Testament were printed at Amsterdam in 1668 and 1698, and another at Venice in 1789, which was superintended by Dr. Zohrab, a learned Armenian divine, who had collated a few manuscripts for it, and who accompanied it with some short notes. In this impression, which was reprinted verbatim in 1816, the editor marked 1 John v. 7. with an asterisk.

In 1805, the same learned editor published at Venice, at the expense of the college of the monks of St. Lazarus, his critical edition of the entire Armenian Bible, for which he made use of sixty-nine manuscripts, viz. eight of the entire Bible, fifteen of the Psalms, thirty-two of the Gospels, and fourteen of the Epistles and Acts of the Apostles. He took for the basis of this edition, that manuscript of the whole Bible, which appeared to be the most antient and accurate: such errors as were discovered he corrected by means of other copies; and in the margin he inserted the various readings, together with the number of manuscripts by which they were supported, and a few critical explanations, when necessary. In this edition, Dr. Zohrab has expunged 1 John v. 7., it being unsupported by any of the manuscripts which he had collated. (Masch, part ii. vol i. pp. 173-180. Cellérier, Introduction au Nouv. Test. pp. 185, 186.) In 1823, Dr. Z. published a neat edition of the New Testament in antient and modern Armenian, in one volume 8vo. The modern version is said to be very exact and literal.

§ 4. ANTIENT WESTERN VERSIONS.

[i.] THE LATIN VERSIONS.

Ante-Hieronymian Versions, or those made before the time of Jerome.

1. Vetvs Testamentvm secvndvm LXX Latine redditvm, et ex avtoritate

Sixti V. Pont. Max. editvm. Additvs est Index Dictionvm et Loquutionum Hebraicarum, Græcarum, Latinarum, quarum observatio visa est non inutilis futura. Romæ, in Ædibvs Popvli Romani, 1588. folio.

This edition was designed as a companion to the celebrated edition of the Septuagint, printed at Rome in 1586, and described in pp. 43, 44. of this Appendix. The editor, Flaminio Nobili, with the assistance of Antonio Agelli, collected with infinite labour all the fragments of the Ante-Hieronymian versions, which he found cited in the works of the antient Latin Fathers: the deficient passages he translated de novo into Latin; a circumstance which diminishes the value of his work. (Masch, part ii. vol. iii. pp. 6, 7.) This volume is extremely rare: a copy of it is in the Library of the British Museum.

2. Bibliorum Sacrorum Latinæ Versiones Antiquæ, seu Vetus Italica, et ceteræ quæcunque in Codicibus MSS.et Antiquorum Libris reperiri potuerunt: quæ cum Vulgata Latina et cum Textu Græco comparantur. Accedunt Præfationes, Observationes, ac Notæ, Indexque novus ad Vulgatam è regione editam, idemque locupletissimus. Opera et studio D. Petri SABATIER. Remis, 1743-49. 3 tomis, folio.

The first two volumes contain the Old Testament, and the apocryphal books. There are three versions of the Psalms, viz. the Old Italic Version, that of Jerome, and the modern Vulgate version. The New Testament forms the third volume. The Greek-Latin MSS. consulted by Sabatier having chasms, he has supplied them from the modern Latin Vulgate, and has sometimes added in the notes quotations from the Latin Fathers. For a full description of this magnificent work, see Masch, part ii. vol. iii. pp. 9, 10.

3. Evangeliarium Quadruplex Latinæ Versionis Antiquæ, seu Veteris Italicæ, editum ex Codicibus Manuscriptis, aureis, argenteis, purpureis, aliisque plusquam millenariæ antiquitatis: à Josepho BLANCHINO. Romæ, 1749. 2 tomis, folio.

A splendid edition of the four Gospels, taken from five manuscripts of the old Italic version, viz. the Codices Vercellensis, Veronensis, Corbeiensis, Brixianus, and Forojuliensis. But Michaelis has reduced these to four, as the last cited MS. contains only the corrected version of Jerome, and therefore ought not to have been printed with the others. (Introd. to New Test. vol. ii. p. 109.)

For bibliographical details of this edition, as well as of other portions of the Ante-Hieronymian versions, the reader is referred to Masch, part ii. vol. iii. pp. 16-19.

4. Codex Quatuor Evangeliorum Latinus Rehdigerianus, Matthæus et Marcus, cum Textu Græco et Editione Vulgata collatus à Joh. Ephr. SCHEIBEL. Vratislaviæ, 1763. 4to.

The manuscript, the text of which is here published, is preserved in the library belonging to the church of St. Elizabeth at Breslau.

5. Fragmenta Versionis Antiquæ Latina Ante-Hieronymianæ Prophetarum Jeremiæ, Ezechielis, Danielis, et Hoseæ, e Codice Rescripto Bibliothecæ Wirceburgensis. Edidit Dr. Fridericus MÜNTER. Hafniæ, 1821. 8vo. (In the Miscellanea Hafniensia Theologici et Philologici Argumenti, tom. ii. fascic. i. pp. 81-148.)

The Codex Rescriptus, whence these fragments of an Ante-Hieronymian version have been transcribed, was discovered by Dr. Feder, in the library of the university of Wurtzburg; who copied nearly all that is legible, comprising portions of the prophecies of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and Hosea. Dr. Feder having allowed Dr. Frederick Münter, Bishop of Seeland, to make use of his labours, that learned prelate has here printed the fragments in question. They differ materially from the fragments occurring in Sabatier's splendid publication above noticed. Bp. Münter refers the date of the original writing to the sixth or seventh century.

The Version of Jerome.

S. Eusebii Hieronymi Stridonensis Presbyteri Divina Bibliotheca ante hac inedita; complectens Translationes Latinas Veteris et Novi Testamenti, tum ex Hebræis tum Græcis fontibus derivatas, innumera quoque scholia marginalia antiquissimi Hebræi cujusdam scriptoris anonymi, Hebræas voces pressius exprimentis. Studio et Labore Monachorum ordinis S. Benedicti e congregatione S. Mauri. Parisiis, 1693. folio. (The first volume of the Benedictine edition of Jerome's works.)

For an account of Jerome's biblical labours, see Vol. II. pp. 235, 236. This edition is printed from six manuscripts. Editions of other portions of Jerome's translation are described by Masch, part ii. vol. iii. pp. 21-23.

The Latin Vulgate Version.

The printed editions of the Latin Vulgate are so very numerous, that a few of the most important, or most accessible, can only be here noticed. A particular description of all the editions is given by Masch, part ii. vol. iii. pp. 58-372.; and of the principal editions, by Brunet, Manuel du Libraire, tom. i. art. Biblia. Two hundred and seventeen Latin Bibles, principally of the Vulgate Version (many of which are of extreme rarity), are described in the Bibl. Sussex. vol i. part ii. pp. 288-510.

1. Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ Editionis, tribus tomis distincta. Romæ, ex Typographia Apostolica Vaticana, folio.

After the preceding title, we read the following, on an engraved title-page :

"Biblia Sacræ Vulgatæ Editionis ad Concilii Tridentini præscriptum emendata et a Sixto V. P. M. recognita et approbata. Romæ, ex Typographia Apostolica Vaticana, M.D. XC."

Notwithstanding the great pains bestowed upon this edition, which by a bull was authoritatively declared to be the standard of all future impressions, its extreme incorrectness excited general discontent. At first, it was attempted to remedy the evil by printing the requisite corrections on small slips of paper, which were to be pasted over the incorrect passages: but Gregory XIV., who succeeded Sixtus V. in the pontificate, found it more convenient to suppress the remaining copies of this edition, which has therefore become of extreme rarity. (Renouard, Annales de l'Imprimerie des Aldes, tom. ii. pp. 164-166.)

2. Biblia Sacræ Vulgatæ Editionis Sixti V. Pontificis Max. jussu recognita et edita. Romæ, ex Typographia Apostolica Vaticana. 1592. folio.

This edition was printed under the auspices of Clement VIII., the successor of Gregory XIV., whose constitution declares it to be the only authentic edition: it is the basis of all subsequent editions, printed for the members of the Romish Church. For an account of the fatal variances between these two revisions, see Vol. II. pp. 237, 238. A third edition was printed in 1593, in 4to. They are both very rare. Copies of them, as well as of the Sixtine edition, are in the British Museum.

3. Bibliorum Sacrorum Vulgatæ Versionis Editio. Jussu Christianissimi Regis ad Institutionem Serenissimi Delphini. Parisiis, excudebat Fr. Amb. Didot, 1785. 2 tomis, 4to.

A chef-d'œuvre of typography: only two hundred and fifty copies were printed with the words "ad Institutionem Serenissimi Delphini" in the title-page. These bear a higher price than the other quarto copies, which were dedicated to the clergy of France. Peignot states, that two copies of this edition were printed on vellum. There are copies of the same edition in eight volumes 8vo., with a dedication to the Gallican clergy, by the printer, F. A. Didot.

4. Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ Editionis Sixti Quinti Pont. Max. jussu recognita atque edita Romæ ex Typographia Apostolica Vaticana MDXCIII. Editio nova, auctoritate summi pontificis Leonis XII. excusa. Francofurti a. M. [ad Moœnum] 1826. Royal 8vo.

A beautiful and correct edition, which contains all the prefatory and other preliminary matter of the Roman edition; and, besides the ordinary divisions of chapters and verses, it also has the old subdivisions of A. B. C., &c., introduced by Cardinal Hugo, of which an account is given in Vol. II. p. 70.

5. Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ Editionis, Sixti V. Pont. Max. jussu recognita, et Clementis VIII. auctoritate edita. Paris, 1828. 8vo.

A neat edition from the press of F. Didot.

The Latin Vulgate is found in all the Polyglott editions of the Bible; and various other editions may be met with, the price of which varies from twelve shillings to three or four guineas and upwards, according to their rarity and condition.

[ii.] GOTHIC VERSION.

1. Sacrorum Evangeliorum Versio Gothica ex Codice Argenteo emendata atque suppleta, cum Interpretatione Latina et Annotationibus Erici Benzelii non ita pridem Archiepiscopi Upsaliensis. Edidit, Observationes suas adjecit, et Grammaticam Gothicam præmisit Edwardus LYE. Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano. 1750. 4to.

The best edition of the Gothic version of the four Gospels. The first appeared at Dordrecht, under the superintendence of Francis Junius, in 16651, 4to. which has the AngloSaxon version annexed. For the second edition we are indebted to George Stiernhelm, at Stockholm, in 1671, who has added the Swedish, Icelandic, and Latin Vulgate versions to the translation of Ulphilas. This third edition was prepared for the press by the learned Eric Benzel, archbishop of Upsal (who made a new copy from the original manuscript); and was published after his decease by Mr. Lye, at Oxford, in 1760, in small folio. It is executed in Gothic letters; the errors of the preceding editions are corrected; and many of the various lections, with which the Gothic version furnishes the Greek Testament, are remarked in the notes.

2. Ulphila Versio Gothica nonnullorum Capitum Epistolæ Pauli ad Romanos, e Cod. Biblioth. Guelpherbytanæ, cum Commentariis Francisci Antonii KNITTEL. [1762.] 4to.

The fragment of the Gothic version, printed in this publication, has been reprinted, in the following article, and also in the Appendix to the second volume of Mr. Lye's Saxon and Gothic Latin Dictionary.

3. Fragmenta Versionis Ulphilanæ, continentia Particulas aliquot Epistolæ Pauli ad Romanos, ex Codice Rescripto Bibliothecæ Guelpherbytanæ eruta, et a Francisco Antonio Knittel edita, cum aliquot annotationibus typis reddita a Johanne IHRE Accedunt duæ Dissertationes ad Philologiam MosoGothicam spectantes. Upsaliæ, 1763. 4to.

4. Johannis ab IHRE Scripta Versionem Ulphilanam et Linguam MosoGothicam illustrantia, ab ipso doctissimo auctore emendata, novisque accessionibus aucta, jam vero ob præstantiam ac raritatem collecta, et unà cum aliis scriptis similis argumenti edita, ab Antonio Friderico Busching. Berolini, 1773. 4to.

This volume, which is not of very frequent occurrence, contains Ihre's learned Disquisition, intitled Ulphilas Illustratus; various fragments of Ulphilas's version; five dissertations illustrative of them; a specimen of a Glossarium Ulphilanum, with prefaces prefixed to it. In an Appendix, the editor has subjoined dissertations on Ulphilas, by Heupelius (with remarks on Heupelius by Oelrichs), Esberg, and Sodermann; specimens of critical observations on the old Gothic translation of the Gospels, by John Gordon, a learned Scottish advocate; and a dissertation by Wachter, on the language of the Codex Argenteus.

5. Ulfilas Gothische Bibel-übersetzung, die alteste Germanische Urkunde, nach Ihre'ns Text: mit einer grammatisch-wörtlichen Lateinischen Uebersetzung, und einem Glossar, ausgearbeitet von Friedrich Karl FULDA; das Glossar umgearbeitet von W. F. H. REINWALD; und den Text nach Ihre'ns genauer abschrift der silbernen Handschrift in Upsal, sorgfaltig berichtigt, samt einer historisch-kritischen Einleitung, versehen und herausgegeben von Johann Christian ZAHN. Weissenfels, 1805. 4to.

A learned preface by J. C. Zahn, in the German language, contains a history of the Gothic version, and of the various preceding editions of its fragments. To this succeeds the fragments themselves, in the Roman character. The text of them is given from a very beautiful and exact copy, which the celebrated scholar Ihre had procured to be made under his own inspection, and with the design of printing it. The editor has placed Ihre's Latin translation by the side of the text; and has also added an interlineary Latin version, critical notes placed at the foot of each page, and an historical introduction. These are followed by a Grammar of the Gothic language by F. K. Fulda, and by a Gothic Glossary compiled by W. F. H. Reinwald. "The text is carefully given; the granimatical and critical

1 There are copies dated in 1684; but they are said by Masch to be the same edition with a new title-page. Part ii. vol. iii. p. 706.