Solar Activity and Earth's ClimateSpringer Science & Business Media, 2002 - 288 ページ The main purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the subject of solar activity and the connection with Earth's climate. It commences with a brief review of the historical progress on the understanding of the solar-terrestrial connection and moves on to an objective scrutiny of the various hypothesis. The text focuses on how knowledge about the solar cycle and Earth's climate is obtained. It includes discussion of observations, methods and the physics involved, with the necessary statistics and analysis also provided, including an examination of empirical relations between sunspots and the Earth's climate. The author reviews plausible physical mechanisms involved in any links between the solar cycle and the Earth's climate, emphasizing the use of established scientific methods for testing hypothesized relationships. |
目次
Preface | xi |
Acknowledgements | xiii |
home computer Xwindows environment the GNU | xiv |
Figures | xv |
Tables | xxi |
Colour plates between pages 136137 | xxiii |
1 | 1 |
2 | 7 |
Latitude E | 136 |
Latitude E | 136 |
04 | 136 |
Temperature reconstruction | 136 |
b Oslo precip PP Wavelet Power Spectrum | 136 |
6 | 145 |
7 | 155 |
Figure 71 A schematic diagram showing how the magnetic | 157 |
3 | 27 |
4 | 43 |
More spots | 70 |
5 | 85 |
Equator | 123 |
025 | 136 |
025 | 136 |
Comparison between sunspots solar cycle length and terrestrial | 136 |
Correlation estimate | 136 |
Latitude E | 136 |
Figure 71 A schematic diagram showing how the magnetic | 158 |
8 | 183 |
9 | 235 |
60 | 238 |
Sec 93 | 249 |
10 | 261 |
11 | 265 |
269 | |
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11-year cycle aa-index affect albedo analysis anomalies associated atmosphere aurora changes climate system convection correlation cosmic rays de-trended Earth's climate Earth's surface El Niño emission energy ENSO equation estimate faculae feedback Figure filter flux forcing ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/SOLAR_DATA geomagnetic field global mean temperature greenhouse heat Hoyt and Schatten hypothesis influence isotopes Kelvin waves latitude Little Ice Age long-term low-pass-filtered Maunder minimum measurements mechanism monthly mean Niño northern hemisphere northern lights observations oceans Oscillation ozone p-value particles penumbra period photosphere prediction proxy radiation radiative reconstruction regions regression relationship Rossby waves satellites sea-ice solar activity solar cycle solar cycle length solar irradiance solar magnetic solar rotation solar wind solar-terrestrial links spectral statistical stratospheric studies suggest Sun's sunspot activity sunspot groups sunspot maximum sunspot number sunspot record surface temperature time-series timescales total solar irradiance trend tropics troposphere variations warming wavelength wavelet