another Latin or Greek word; at the end of it, if derived from any other source. Further still, the primary or etymological meaning is always given, within inverted commas, in Roman type, and so much also of each word's history as is needful to bring down its chain of meanings to the especial force, or forces, attaching to it in the particular "Text." In the Vocabularies, however, to Eutropius and Æsop-which are essentially books for beginners the origin is given of those words alone. which are formed from other Latin or Greek words respectively. Moreover, as an acquaintance with the principles of GRAMMAR, as well as with ETYMOLOGY, is necessary to the understanding of a language, such points of construction as seem to require elucidation are concisely explained under the proper articles, or a reference is simply made to that rule in the Public Schools Latin Primer, or in Parry's Elementary Greek Grammar, which meets the particular difficulty. It occasionally happens, however, that more information is needed than can be gathered from the above-named works. When such is the case, whatever is requisite is supplied, in substance, from Jelf's Greek Grammar, Winer's Grammar of New Testament Greek, or the Latin Grammars of Zumpt and Madvig. LONDON: October, 1884. ARGUMENT. Turnus, perceiving that the Latins were weakened and dispirited by their recent defeats, and that the eyes of all were turned towards himself, is desirous of bringing matters to an issue by engaging Æneas in single combat. Latīnus and Amata are opposed to this course; but the sight of Lavinia determines him not to turn aside from his purpose. Idmon despatched as the bearer of a challenge to Æneas. Æneas joyfully accepts the challenge. Consoles Ascanius and his followers. Sends envoys to Latinus for the purpose of arranging preliminaries. Preparations for a solemn sacrifice. Juno urges the river nymph Juturna to rescue her brother Turnus from the perils encompassing him, even at the risk of exciting war. Latīnus and Æneas respectively approach the altar, and swear to the observance of the compact made between them. Pity kindled in the breasts of the Latins, when Turnus, pallid and careworn, advances to the altar. Juturna, hereupon, assumes the form of Camers, a noble warrior, and advancing into the midst of the Latins endeavours to arouse their anger. In furtherance of her purpose sends an omen: viz. an eagle chased through the sky by sea-birds. The augur Tolumnius, exclaiming that victory to his countrymen is thereby portended, hurls a spear against the enemy, and slays the Trojan Gylippus. A conflict of the Latins and Trojans ensuing, king Latīnus flees from the spot. Æneas, being ignorant of the cause of the conflict, attempts to check his followers. Is wounded by an arrow from an unknown hand. Turnus, seizing the opportunity, slaughters many of his foes. Æneas, supported by his friends, retires from the field. The leech Japis essays to extract the His endeavours prove ineffectual till Venus plucking a root of the dictamnus plant from Mount Ida plunges it in the vessel wh ch contains the water, with which he is fomenting the arrow. wound. The arrow forthwith is readily extracted; the blood stanched; and the wound healed. Æneas immediately assumes his arms; and, after embracing and consulting Ascanius, rushes with some trusty followers against the enemy. Dismay of Turnus and the Latins. The augur Tolumnius is slain. Juturna assuming the form of Metiscus, the charioteer of Turnus, dashes him from his seat, and drives her brother off the field of battle. Æneas pursues; but, through Juturna's skilful driving, fails in his attempts to overtake the fugitive. Inflicts great slaughter on the Latins. Advances to storm the city of Latīnūs. The city fired, and the people in great commotion. Turnus perceiving what had occurred, and receiving a message by Saces, rushes to the defence of his friends. Calls on the Latins and Trojans to cease fighting, and to leave the contest to him. Combat of Turnus and Æneas. The sword of Turnus shivered to pieces. The spear of Æneas, missing its aim, becomes firmly fixed in the root of a tree. Juturna, running forward, places a sword in her brother's hands. Venus plucking her son's spear from the root of the tree restores it to him. Jupiter forbids Juno to give further support to the Latins. Makes certain promises to her, on the faith of which she cheerfully submits to his commands. One of the Diræ, or Furies, sent by Jupiter, as an omen of evil, to Juturna. Assuming the form of a screech-owl, the Fury dashes against the shield and face of Turnus. Juturna, in mingled horror and grief, quits her brother, and plunges into her river. Æneas, with taunts, calls on Turnus to meet him in battle. Turnus replies that he fears not the words of his antagonist, but the gods. Seizes a huge stone and hurls it at Æneas. Failing to strike him, betakes himself again to flight. Baffled in every direction by the Fury. Wounded in the thigh by the spear of Æneas and sinks to the ground. Pleads for his life. Æneas, when about to yield to these entreaties, espies, on the shoulder of his prostrate foe, the belt that formerly belonged to Pallas. Fired with rage and indignation by the sight of it, he plunges his sword into the breast of his antagonist, and thus exacts satisfaction for the slaughter of his much-loved friend. P. VIRGILII MARONIS ENEIDOS LIBER XII. TURNUS ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos 5 Tum sic affatur regem, atque ita turbidus infit: 10 "Nulla mora in Turno; nihil est quòd dicta retract ent Ignavi Æneadæ ; nec, quæ pepigere, recusent. Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus : "O præstans animi juvenis, quantùm ipse feroci 16 B Virtute exsuperas, tantò me impensiùs æquum est Consulere, atque omnes metuentem expendere casus. 21 Sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta Multa manu; nec non aurumque animusque Latino est; Sunt aliæ innuptæ Latio et Laurentibus agris, Sublatis aperire dolis; simul hoc animo hauri. 25 35 Fas erat, idque omnes divique hominesque canebant. 40 |