The dissolved glue should be rapidly applied to the rim of the glass jar (which must be quite dry and free from grease,) with a brush, and the only brush that will stand, I make in this way. I take a piece of rattan cane as long as a cedar drawing pencil, and cut off the cortex carefully from one end of it to the length I desire the brush to be, being particular not to let the knife go into the substance of the cane any more than I can help. I macerate the prepared end of the cane for a short time in water, and then, while yet wet, I pound it with a hammer upon some hard substance (iron or stone) constantly turning it with my hand until all the fibres of the cane be liberated, and my brush is then complete. I still use a brush of this kind which I have employed for several years extensively, and none other will stand twice using, the hairs come out with the glue, and are in the way of a good joint. A disc of glass should be cut to fit the top of the jar, made clean, and the part that is to be in contact with the jar also thinly coated with the hot glue. The disc should previously have had a small hole drilled through the centre, (about oneeighth of an inch diameter) for a reason that will presently appear. The two surfaces of glass being apparently coated with marine glue, but really without contact, the latter must be insured by means of a hot iron which should be carefully passed over the surface of the glue several times till it and the glass become hot, care being taken to keep the iron constantly in motion, and always on the edge of the jar, or of the disc, as in that case the expansion will be equal, and no danger occur even if the iron be red hot; but, it will instantly break if the iron be allowed to linger in one place, or touch any but the outer portion of the disc, or the rim of the jar.

The jar should be thus prepared while empty, and dry; and when complete, the fluid may be poured in, to about one-half the height of the jar, together with the preparation to be suspended in it. The strings necessary for this purpose may be brought over the edge of the jar, and pressed into the glue on the surface, if soft enough to admit of it; the preparation may now be regulated to the required height in the jar, and the threads of suspension kept in their place by a wet string passed round them on the outside of the jar, several times. If any fluid chance to be on the surface of the marine glue on the rim of the jar, it should be removed; and when dry, the prepared surface of the disc should be placed on the jar and the two brought together in intimate contact by the hot iron, which, as in the former case, must be constantly passed round on the edge, and the disc simultaneously pressed down, until the process be completed. The extraneous glue on the outer edge may be made smooth and neat, by the hot iron. By means of a syringe, to which a small pipe is affixed, fill up the jar with the preserving fluid, not quite full, however, as the

great expansion of the fluid (the B especially) in sudden increase of temperature, may cause the breakage of the top glass; then cut a cork to fit the small hole tightly, insert it, pare it off level with the surface, place upon it a piece of solid marine glue made to adhere to the cork by means of the point of the hot iron, and cover it with another disc of glass of about the size of a ten cent piece, and the preparation is finished.

It is a good practice to prepare the portion of thread that is to come outside of the jar, the cork, and even the surfaces of glass to be coated, with a liquid solution of the marine glue, which may be made by dissolving a piece of glue in an excess of whitewood Naphtha.

Should a stopper become fixed in the neck of a bottle by the crystallization of the salt, it may be easily removed by dissolv ing the salt by water, and gently tapping the cross piece of the stopper at its extreme ends, (never across its shortest diameter) with a door key. If the cross piece come off, make it, and the remainder of the stopper that is in the neck of the bottle hot with the iron, apply marine glue, and cement them together,— when cold, renew your operations,-the stopper is stronger now than before, will easily come out, and last longer than one not broken. To keep the fluids in stoppered bottles and to prevent the possibility of the salt crystallizing on the outside of the stopper, the marine glue may be advantageously employed; or a cement, proposed by Prof. Olmsted, of Yale College, and made by melting resin and lard together by the application of heat, and intimately mixing them. The respective quantities of the materials will depend on whether the cement is required to become hard, or not. If the former, the resin must be in excess; if the latter, use more lard. For the purpose that I indicate above, it should be stiff, and ropy; remaining just soft enough in hot weather, to spread with a palette knife.

As a final remark I would say, that the preservation of animals, either in alcoholic, or my fluids, is greatly facilitated by employ ing, in the first stages of the process, a large volume of fluid.

Crowding animals together in a limited space, and with only a small quantity of fluid, is a fruitful source of injury and loss of the majority, if not of all the specimens; when, however, the preservation is completely effected, the specimens may be packed very closely together, in a small vessel, and as much fluid of required strength as will occupy the interstices is amply sufficient for transportation, or stores, and will last for years, especially if the fluid be kept in, by running some marine glue round the stopper and neck of the bottle with a hot iron, or by using the resinous

cement.

In another paper I propose to treat of the modes of making preparations.

ART. XL.-Mineralogical Notices. No. III.

(Concluded from page 222.)

Orangite. Dr. C. BERGEMANN of Bonn, (Pogg. Ann., lxxxii, 561,) thus describes the mineral Orangite which contains the metal, Donarium. Color yellowish-red, passing either to brown or yellow; powder or streak light orange. In thin splinters transparent, and in larger pieces translucent. Structure foliated in one direction; cross fracture flat conchoidal. Hardness between fluor spar and apatite, or 4.5; specific gravity 5.397, Bergemann, 534, Breithaupt. Small splinters heated in a platinum spoon become dull-brown, and on cooling again of an orange color, and the larger pieces lose their translucency. In a glass tube gives off moisture. Held with the platinum forceps in the flame of a spirit lamp, there is slight decrepitation. B.B. on charcoal infusible, the edges only being slightly glazed and perhaps only from a mixture with foreign matters. Mixed with soda the silica is dissolved, and the rest remains in the glass rendering it opaque. With borax a yellowish pearl, becoming colorless on cooling; with salt of phosphorus in the outer flame, a reddish glass, in the inner, yellowish, and in either case colorless on cooling. With acids easily decomposed yielding with muriatic acid a perfectly clear jelly, of a yellow color, and it is even attacked by dilute acid. Digested for twenty-four hours with a solution of an alkaline carbonate of ordinary concentration, it is strongly acted upon.

This mineral is from Langesund fiord near Brevig in Norway, where it occurs in zircon syenite, with wöhlerite, mosandrite, thorite, zircon, hornblende, black mica. Its composition is given on page 280 of this volume.

Loganite, a new mineral; Mr. T. S. HUNT, (Phil. Mag. [4], ii, 65, July, 1851.)-Loganite occurs at Calumet Island on the Ottawa in white crystalline limestone, mixed with green serpentine, phlogopite, pyrites and rarely crystals of apatite. The form appears to be a prism, with the acute and obtuse lateral edges replaced and also the acute solid angles. Crystals small; edges generally rounded, and faces faintly shining, with the lustre vitreous or vitreo-resinous. Cleavage parallel to the sides and base of the prism distinct, macrodiagonal perfect. Color clove brown to chocolate brown; streak and powder grayish-white. Subtranslucent. Brittle, fracture uneven. Heated in a tube yields water freely with an empyreumatic odor. B.B. loses color, becoming grayish-white, but infusible; with cobalt solution becomes blue. With acids partly dissolved. Composition,

In another trial, Si 33-17, and C&H 16.50. Supposing the lime combined with the carbonic acid, it will leave [1], 16·36, [2], 16.12 of water. This affords the Berzelian formula,

4Mg Si+(Al, Fe)2 Si+12Ĥ,

corresponding to silica 33-29, alumina 13.31, peroxyd of iron 1.92, magnesia 35.50, water 16.00=100-02. In the Gerhardtian notation, the formula according to Mr. Hunt is Si O3 (Al 3 Mg H), the oxygen ratio for the silica and bases being 17-515:34-990. It approaches chlorite closely in composition, although not at all foliaceous. The species is named in honor of Mr. Logan, who is at the head of the Geological Commission of Canada.

Matlockite, a new Oxychlorid of Lead; by R. P. GREG, Jr., (Phil. Mag., [4], ii, 120, August, 1851.)-Matlockite occurs at the old mine of Cromford near Matlock, with corneous lead (phosgenite, Haid.) Form dimetric; occurs in tables which are gen erally thin and superimposed on each other, occasionally slightly curved. Cleavage basal, but not perfect. A single crystal in the hands of Mr. W. G. Lettsom is an inch square, an eighth of an inch thick and transparent. The edges and angles are replaced; Pe 111° 50'; P: a=119° 34'; e: e=97° 58′ and 136° 19'; a: a=104° 6' and 120° 52'. Color yellowish, sometimes a little greenish. Lustre adamantine and occasionally pearly. G. =721. H. 2.5-3. Composition according to Dr. R. A. Smith:

Chlorid of lead 55.177, oxyd of lead 44-300, moisture 0072 99 549, giving the proportions of 1 of chlorid of lead to 1 of oxyd of lead-chlorid of lead 55-46, oxyd of lead 44-53-99-99. The corneous lead of the same locality afforded Dr. Smith, Chlorid of lead 51-784, carbonate of lead 48 215-99-999.

Pyroxene and Hornblende.-RAMMELSBERG observes in his 4th supplement, p. 106, that certain augites, as a black augite of Taburg, analyzed by H. Rose, a brown from Pargas, by Nordenskiöld, a black from the basaltic tufa of the Azores, by Hochstetter, have the composition of hornblende; while some hornblendes, as a tremolite from Pennsylvania has the composition of pyr oxene. The species have been long known to belong to the same system of crystallization, and to be mutually derivable, and in uralite, as shown by G. Rose, there is an example of a substance with the external form of augite and the cleavage structure of hornblende.

In volume lxxxiii of Poggendorff's Annalen, p. 458, (July, 1851,) Rammelsberg gives the results of analyses of an augite and a hornblende from the basaltic tufa of Härtlingen in Westerwald. He obtained

Si Al Fe Mn Ca Mg 1. Augite, 47-52 8-13 13:02 040 18-25 Oxygen, 24-69 3-79 2-89 0-09

2. Hornblende, 42-52 11-00 16.59 Oxygen, 22.09 5.14 3.68

12-76-100 08 5.19 5-10

12:25 13:45 Na 1-71 K 1-92 T101-100-45 3:48 5.38 0.43 0.32

The second is the mean of three analyses.

The augite gives for the oxygen of the silica, alumina and protoxyds, 24.69: 379 13 27; and for the oxygen of the silica and alumina together 28-48. 28.48: 13.27-1:2 15. The ratio does not become 1: 2 except we suppose 21 to replace 1ŝi.

The hornblende affords in like manner 22.09 : 5·14 : 13-29, and for the oxygen of the silica and alumina 27-23. 27-23:13.29 =1:2.05.

The augite has nearly the ratio usually given for hornblende, 4:9; while the hornblende has the augite ratio 1:2. So the Taberg black augite affords the hornblende ratio 1:2:39=4:9.5. Rammelsberg hence shows that hornblende does not consist uniformly of 1RSi with 1R3 Si, the usual formula; but that both it and augite may be a pure bisilicate, R3 Sis, or may correspond to the general formula, m R Si+n R3 Si2, in which m and n may be each a unit, or 3 and 2, or other numbers, the addition of m atoms of the trisilicate to n atoms of the bisilicate, producing no change of form. The ratio 4 933 which is common in hornblende, would give for m, n, the values 3, 2, and afford the formula 3R Si+2R Si, equivalent to R9 Si7. This formula corresponds to the analyses of a tremolite from Fahlun, an actinolite from Taberg, a hornblende from Helsingfors, each containing no alumina; and of the aluminous varieties from Kongsberg, Kimito, La Prese, Lindbo, Vogelsberg, Bohemia, the Uralite, &c.

M. F. SANDBERGER (on p. 453 of the lxxxiii volume of Poggendorff,) precedes the paper by Rammelsberg by mentioning many cases of the close intermixture of hornblende and augite crystals, and describes cases of twins in which one part of the crystal is augite and the other hornblende. He also describes crystals of augite containing throughout particles of chrysolite, the latter mineral being in parallel combination with the former. In other specimens he finds hornblende and chabasite intimately mingled. This combination of hornblende and augite in a single twin would seem to show that the difference between them is not due to temperature. M. Sandberger urges that the hornblende and augite in the cases adduced cannot be either one or the other a result of pseudomorphism, and that both are properly the same mineral species.

Rutile of Waterbury, Vermont.-Dr. A. A. HAYES in remarking on a specimen of quartz containing acicular rutile from Waterbury, Vermont, before the Boston Society of Natural History, (Proceedings, 1851, 23,) stated that the acicular crystals must have existed occupying a cavity before the quartz was formed. The rutile needles often pass through the regular terminations of the quartz crystals, and roughen the surfaces by their broken. ends. The flaws or rents in the mass of the crystal are most frequent about the rutile, indicating that this mineral by its SECOND SERIES, Vol. XII, No. 36.-Nov., 1851.

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