EGNATIA GENS, a family of Samnite origin, some at least of whom settled at Teanum. At the end of the social war the greater part of these appear to have removed to Rome, where two of them were admitted into the senate (Cic. pro Cluent. 48), though a branch of the family seems still to have remained at Teanum. (Cic. ad Att. vi. 1, mentions one Egnatius Sidicinus.) We find the following surnames borne by members of this gens: CELER, MAXIMUS, RUFUS, and VERATIUS. [C. P. M.] EGNA'TIA MAXIMILLA, a descendant of that branch of the Egnatia gens which bore the surname of Maximus, is mentioned by Tacitus (Ann. xv. 71) as the wife of Glicius Gallus, who was banished by the emperor Nero. She accompanied her husband in his exile. [C. P. M.] EGNA'TIUS. 1. GELLIUS EGNATIUS, was leader of the Samnites in the third great Samnite war, which broke out B. c. 298. By the end of the second campaign, the Samnites appeared entirely subdued; but in the following year Gellius Egnatius marched into Etruria, notwithstanding the presence of the Romans in Samnium, and roused the Etruscans to a close co-operation against Rome. This had the effect of withdrawing the Roman troops for a time from Samnium; but the forces of the confederates were defeated by the combined armies of the consuls L. Volumnius and Appius Claudius. In the fourth campaign (B. c. 295) Egnatius induced the Gauls and Umbrians to join the confederacy; but in consequence of the withdrawal of the Etruscans and Umbrians, the Gauls and Samnites feli back beyond the Apennines, and were met by the Romans near the town of Sentinum. A decisive battle, signalized by the heroic devotion of P. Decius, ensued, in which the confederate army was defeated, and Egnatius slain. (Liv. x. 18–29.) . 2. MARIUS EGNATIUS, one of the principal leaders of the Italian allies in the social or Marsian war, which broke out B. c. 90. He was doubtless one of those twelve commanders, who were to be chosen year by year by the allies, to serve under two consuls. (Diod. Fragm. vol. x. p. 186, ed. Bip.) In Livy he is called the leader of the Samnites. The first of his exploits which we have mentioned is the capture of Venafrum, of which he made himself master through treachery, and where he destroyed two cohorts. Not long after, near Teanum, in a defile of Mons Massicus, he fell unexpectedly on the army of the consul L. Caesar, which he put to flight. The Romans fled to Teanum, but lost a great number of men in crossing the Savo, over which there was but a single bridge. In the following year Egnatius was killed in battle with the Romans under the praetors C. Cosconius and Lucceius. (Liv. Epit. lxxv.; Appian, B. C. i. 40, 41, 45.) It has been ingeniously conjectured (by Prosper Merimée, in his Essai sur la Guerre Sociale) that the M. Marius of Sidicinum mentioned by A. Gellius as being suae civitatis nobilissimus homo, and who was treated with such gross indignity by one of the consuls, probably of the year B. c. 123, was either the father or a near relative of Marius Egnatius. 3. CN. EGNATIUS, a man of somewhat disreputable character, was admitted into the Roman senate, but was subsequently expelled by the censors. (Cic. pro Cluent. 48.) 4. EGNATIUS, a son of the former, was, like his father, a member of the senate, and retained that dignity when his father's name was struck off the rolls. He was disinherited by his father. (Cic. pro Cluent. 48.) 5. EGNATIUS, probably a son of No. 4, accompanied Crassus on his expedition against the Parthians, and after the great defeat which Crassus sustained (B. c. 53), escaped from the scene of the disaster with 300 horsemen. (Plut. Crassus, 27.) Appian (B. C. iv. 21) mentions two Egnatii, father and son, who were included in the proscription of the year B. c. 43, and were slain by a single blow, while locked in each other's arms. They were perhaps the same with the two last. 6. EGNATIUS SIDICINUS, mentioned by Cicero as having had some money transactions with him. (Ad Att. vi. 1. § 23.) [EGNATIA GENS.] 7. EGNATIUS, a poet who wrote before Virgil. Macrobius (Sat. vi. 5) quotes some lines from his poem De Rerum Natura. [C. P. M.] EGNATULEIUS, the name of a plebeian gens at Rome. The names of two only belonging to it have come down to us. 1. C. EGNATULEIUS, C. F., whose name is found upon a coin figured below. The obverse represents the head of Apollo with C. EGNATVLEI. C. (F.), and the reverse Victory and a trophy, with Roм(A) beneath. The letter Q indicates that the coin was a Quinarius or half a Denarius. (Eckhel, | Doctr. Num. vol.v. p. 205.) 2. L. EGNATULEIUS, was quaestor in the year B. C. 44, and commanded the fourth legion, which deserted from Antony to Octavianus. As a reward for his conduct on this occasion, Cicero proposed in the senate that he should be allowed to hold public offices three years before the legal time. (Cic. Phil. iii. 3, 15, iv. 2, v. 19.) [C. P. M.] EIDO'MENE (Eidoμévn), a daughter of Pheres and wife of Amythaon in Pylos, by whom she became the mother of Bias and Melampus. (Apollod. i. 9. § 11.) In another passage (ii. 2. § 2) Apollodorus calls her a daughter of Abas. [L. S.] EIDO'THEA (Eidoléa), a daughter of the aged Proteus, who instructed Menelaus, in the island of Pharos at the mouth of the river Aegyptus, in what manner he might secure her father and compel him to say in what way he should return home. (Hom. Od. iv. 365, &c.) There are three other mythical personages of this name. (Hygin. Fab. 182; Schol. ad Soph. Antig. 972; Anton. Lib. 30.) [L. S.] EILEITHYIA (Eixeílvia), also called Eleithyia, Eilethyia, or Eleutho. The ancients derive her name from the verb èxed0ew, according to which it would signify the coming or helping goddess. She was the goddess of birth, who came to the assistance of women in labour; and when she was kindly disposed, she furthered the birth, but when she was angry, she protracted the labour and delayed the birth. These two functions were originally assigned to different Eleivíai. (Hom. Il. xi. 270, xvi. 187, xix. 103; comp. Paus. i. 44. § 3; Hesych. s. v. Eiλeiovíaι.) Subsequently, however, both functions were attributed to one divi : occurs only on coins, and she is there represented as a youthful female, holding in her left arm a cornucopia and in her right hand an olive branch or the staff of Hermes. Sometimes also she appears in the act of burning a pile of arms, or carrying corn-ears in her hand or upon her head. (Hirt. Mythol. Bilderb. ii. p. 104.) 2. A daughter of Poseidon and Melanthea, from whom the island of Calauria was, in early times, called Eirene. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 19.) [L. S.] ELAEU'SIUS ('Eλaiovσios), if the name be correct, must have lived in or before the first century after Christ, as he is quoted by Soranus (de Arte Obstetr. p. 210), who calls him one of the followers of Asclepiades, and says he was one of those physicians who considered that there were certain diseases peculiar to the female sex, in opposition to some other medical writers who held the contrary opinion. He wrote a work on chronic diseases (Xpóvia), of which the thirteenth book is referred to by Soranus, but of which nothing now remains. [W. A. G.] nity, and even in the later Homeric poems the Cretan Eileithyia alone is mentioned. (Hom. Hymn. in Apoll. Del. 98, &c., Od. xix. 188.). According to the Iliad the Eileithyiae were daughters of Hera, the goddess of marriage, whom they obeyed. (Hom. Il. xix. 119; comp. Pind. Nem. vii. init.; Ov. Met. ix. 285, &c.; Anton. Lib. 29.) Accord | ing to Hesiod (Theog. 922) Zeus was the father of Eileithyia, and she was the sister of Hebe and Ares. (Apollod. i. 3. § 1.) Artemis and Eileithyia were originally very different divinities, but there were still some features in their characters which afterwards made them nearly identical. Artemis was believed to avert evil, and to protect what was young and tender, and sometimes she even assisted women in labour. Artemis, moreover, was, like Eileithyia, a maiden divinity; and although the latter was the daughter of the goddess of marriage and the divine midwife, neither husband, nor lover, nor children of her are mentioned. She punished want of chastity by increasing the pains at the birth of a child, and was therefore feared by maidens. (Theocrit. xxvii. 28.) Frequent births, too, were ELAGA'BALUS. The Roman emperor comdispleasing to her. In an ancient hymn attributed monly known by this name, was the son of Julia to Olen, which was sung in Delos, Eileithyia was Soemias and Sextus Varius Marcellus, and first called the mother of Eros. (Paus. i. 18. § 5. ix. 27. cousin once removed to Caracalla. [See genealogical § 2.) Her worship appears to have been first table prefixed to the article CARACALLA.] established among the Dorians in Crete, where was born at Emesa about A. D. 205, and was she was believed to have been born in a cave in originally called VARIUS AVITUS BASSIANUS, a series the territory of Cnossus. From thence her wor- of appellations derived from his father (Varius), ship spread over Delos and Attica, According to maternal grandfather (Avitus), and maternal greata Delian tradition, Eileithyia was not born in grandfather (Bassianus). While yet almost a Crete, but had come to Delos from the Hyperbo-child he became, along with his first cousin Alexreans, for the purpose of assisting Leto. (Herod. ander Severus, priest of Elagabalus, the Syroiv. 35.) She had a sanctuary at Athens, contain- Phoenician Sun-god, to whose worship a gorgeous ing three carved images of the goddess, which were temple was dedicated in his native city. The covered all over down to the toes. Two were be- history of his elevation to the purple, to which in lieved to have been presented by Phaedra, and the earlier portion of his life he was not supposed the third to have been brought by Erysichthon to possess any claim, was effected in a very singufrom Delos. (Paus. i. 8. § 15.) Her statues, how-lar manner by his grandmother, Julia Maesa. She ever, were not thus covered everywhere, as Pausanias asserts, for at Aegion there was one in which the head, hands, and feet were uncovered. (Paus. vii. 23. § 5.) She had sanctuaries in various places, such as Sparta (Paus. iii. 17. § 1, 14. §6), Cleitor (viii. 21. § 2), Messene (iv. 31. § 7), Tegea (viii. 48. § 5), Megara (i. 44. § 3), Hermione (ii. 35. § 8), and other places. The Elionia, who was worshipped at Argos as the goddess of birth (Plut. Quaest. Rom. 49), was probably the same as Eileithyia. (Böttiger, Ilithyia oder die Hexe, Weimar, 1799; Müller, Dor. ii. 2. § 14.) [L. S.] EIO'NEUS ('HLoveús), a son of Magnes, and one of the suitors of Hippodameia, was slain by Denomaus. (Paus. vi. 21. § 7; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1748.) There are three other mythical personages of this name. (Hom. Il. vii. 11, x. 435; DIA.) [L. S.] EIRE'NE (Eipńvn). 1. The goddess of peace. After the victory of Timotheus over the Lacedaemonians, altars were erected to her at Athens at the public expense. (Corn. Nep. Timoth. 2; Plut. Cim. 13.) Her statue at Athens stood by the side of that of Amphiaraus, carrying in its arms Plutus, the god of wealth (Paus. i. 8. § 3), and another stood near that of Hestia in the Prytaneion. (i. 18, § 3.) At Rome too, where peace (Pax) was worshipped, she had a magnificent temple, which was built by the emperor Vespasian. (Suet. Vespas. 9; Paus. vi. 9. § 1.) The figure of Eirene or Pax S . He had long enjoyed the splendours and dignities of the imperial court in the society of her sister, Julia Domna, the wife of Septimius Severus and the mother of Geta and Caracalla. But after the murder of the latter by Macrinus, Maesa was compelled to return to Syria, there to dwell in unhonoured retirement. While still smarting under a reverse peculiarly galling to her haughty temper, she received intelligence that the army was already disgusted by the parsimony and rigid discipline of their new ruler, and was sighing for the luxury enjoyed under his predecessor. Maesa, skilled in court intrigues and familiar with revolutions, quickly perceived that this feeling might be turned to her own advantage. A report was circulated with industrious rapidity that Elagabalus was not the son of his reputed father, but the offspring of a secret commerce between Soemias and Caracalla. The troops stationed in the vicinity to guard the Phoenician border had already testified their admiration of the youth, whom they had seen upon their visits to Emesa gracefully performing the imposing duties of his priesthood, and, having been further propitiated by a liberal distribution of the wealth hoarded by Maesa, were easily persuaded to receive Elagabalus with his whole family into the camp, and to salute him as their sovereign by the title of M. Aurelius Antoninus, as if he had really been the undoubted progeny and lawful heir of their late monarch. These proceedings took place on the 16th of May, A. D. 218. Macrinus having re | ceived information of what had happened, de- | parrots, with assembling companies of guests who spatched Julianus with a body of troops to quell were all fat, or all lean, or all tall, or all short, or the insurrection. But these, instead of obeying all bald, or all gouty, and regaling them with mock the orders of their general, were prevailed upon to repasts; had he been content to occupy his leisure join the mutineers. Whereupon Macrinus ad- hours in solemnizing the nuptials of his favourite vanced in person to meet his rival, was signally deity with the Trojan Pallas or the African Urania, defeated in a battle fought on the borders of Syria | and in making matches between the gods and godand Phoenicia, and having escaped in disguise was desses all over Italy, men might have laughed soon afterwards discovered, brought back, and put goodnaturedly, anticipating an increase of wisdom to death. [MACRINUS.] The conqueror hastened with increasing years. But unhappily even these to Antioch, from whence he forwarded a letter to trivial amusements were not unfrequently accomthe senate, in which he at once assumed, without panied with cruelty and bloodshed. His earnest waiting for the form of their consent, all the desig- devotion to that god whose minister he had been, nations of Caesar, Imperator, son of Antoninus, and to whose favour he probably ascribed his elevagrandson of Severus, Pius, Felix, Augustus, and tion, might have been regarded as excusable or Proconsul, together with the tribunitian authority. even justifiable had it not been attended with At the same time he inveighed against the persecution and tyranny. The Roman populace treachery of Macrinus towards his master, his low would with easy toleration have admitted and worbirth, and his presumption in daring to adopt the shipped a new divinity, but they beheld with distitle of emperor, concluding with a promise to con- gust their emperor appearing in public, arrayed in sult the best interests of all classes of the com- the attire of a Syrian priest, dancing wild measures munity, and declaring that he intended to set up and chanting barbaric hymns; they listened with Augustus, whose age when he first grasped the horror to the tales of magic rites, and of human reins of power he compared with his own, as a victims secretly slaughtered; they could scarcely model for imitation. No resistance to these claims submit without indignation to the ordinance that was testified on the part of the senate or people, an outlandish idol should take precedence of their for we find from a curious inscription, discovered fathers' gods and of Jupiter himself, and still less some years ago at Rome, that the Fratres Arvales could they consent to obey the decree subsequently assembled in the Capitol on the 14th of July, that promulgated, that it should not be lawful to offer is scarcely more than five weeks after the decisive homage at Rome to any other celestial power. But victory over Macrinus, in order to offer up their by far the blackest of his offences were his sins annual vows for the health and safety of their young against the decencies of both public and private prince, who is distinguished by all the appellations life, the details of which are too horrible and too enumerated above. disgusting to admit of description. (Dion Cass. lxxvii. 30-41, lxxix.; Herodian, v. 4—23; Lamprid. Elagab.; Capitolin. Macrin.; Eutrop. viii. 13; Aurel. Vict. de Caes. xxiii., Epit. xxiii.) A coin of Elagabalus is given under PAULA, the wife of Elagabalus. [W. R.] Elagabalus entered upon his second consulship in A. D. 219, at Nicomedeia, and from thence proceeded to Rome, where he celebrated his accession by magnificent games, by prodigal largesses, and by laying the foundation of a sumptuous shrine for his tutelary deity. Two years afterwards, when he had rendered himself alike odious and contemptible by all manner of follies and abominations, he was persuaded by the politic Maesa to adopt his first cousin, Alexander Severus, to proclaim him Caesar, and nominate him consul-elect. Soon after, having repented of these steps, he endeavoured to procure the death of his kinsman, but was frustrated, partly by the watchfulness of his grandmother and partly by the zeal of the soldiers, with whom Alexander was a great favourite. A repetition of a similar attempt the year following (A. D. 222) proved his own destruction; for a mutiny having arisen among the praetorians in consequence, he was slain along with Soemias in the camp while endeavouring to appease their fury. The two bodies were dragged through the streets and cast into the Tiber, and hence the epithet or nickname of Tiberinus, one of the many applied in scorn to the tyrant after his death. The reign of this prince, who perished at the age of eighteen, after having occupied the throne for three years, nine months, and four days, dating from the battle of Antioch, was characterised throughout by an accumulation of the most fantastic folly, and the most frantic superstition, together with impurity so bestial that the particulars almost transcend the limits of credibility. Had he confined himself to the absurd practical jokes of which so many have been recorded; had he been satisfied with supping on the tongues of peacocks and nightingales, with feeding lions on pheasants and EʼLAPHUS ("Eλapos), the fifteenth in descent from Aesculapius, the son of Chrysus and the father of Hippolochus II., who lived probably in the island of Cos in the sixth and fifth centuries B. c. (Suid. s. v. 'Iπñoкρáτns; Thessali Oratio, ap. Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 840.) [W. A. G.] EʼLÄRA ('Eλápa), a daughter of Orchomenus or Minyas, who became by Zeus the mother of the giant Tityus; and Zeus, from fear of Hera, concealed her under the earth. (Apollod. i. 4. § 1; Apollon. Rhod. i. 762; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1583; Müller, Orchom. p. 185, 2d. edit.) [L. S.] મ E'LASUS ("Exαoos). There are two Trojans of this name, one of whom was slain by Patroclus and the other by Neoptolemus. (Hom. Il. xvi. 696; Paus. x. 26. § 1.) [L. S.] FʼLATUS ("Eλatos). 1. A son of Arcas by Leaneira, Metaneira, or by the nymph Chrysopeleia. He was a brother of Azan and Apheidas, and king of Arcadia. By his wife Laodice he had four sons, Stymphalus, Aepytus, Cyllen, and Pereus. (Apollod. iii. 9. § 1, 10. § 3; Paus. viii. 4. § 2.) He is also called the father of Ischys (Pind. Pyth. iii. 31) and of Dotis. (Steph. Byz. s. v. AwTov.) He is said to have resided on mount Cyllene, and to have gone from thence to Phocis, where he protected the Phocians and the Delphic sanctuary against the Phlegyans, and founded the town of Elateia. (Paus. l. c., x. 34. § 3.) A statue of his stood in the market-place of Elateia, and another at Tegea. (Paus. x. 34. § 3, viii. 48. § 6.) 2. A prince of the, Lapithae at Larissa in Thes saly, was married to Hippeia, by whom he became | himself known to Electra. All being thus cleared the father of Caeneus and Polyphemus, both of whom took part in the expedition of the Argonauts. (Hygin. Fab. 11; Ov. Met. xii. 497.) He is sometimes confounded with the Arcadian Elatus. (Müller, Orchom. pp. 186, 191, 2d. edit.) There are four more mythical personages of this name. (Hom. Il. vi. 33, Od. xxii. 268; Apollod. ii. 5. § 4; Apollon. Rhod. i. 101.) [L. S.] ELECTRA ('HλÉктрα), i. e. the bright or brilliant one. 1. À daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and the wife of Thaumas, by whom she became the mother of Iris and the Harpies, Aëllo and Ocypete. (Hom. Hymn. in Cer. 419; Hes. Theog. 266; Apollod. i. 2. §§ 2, 6; Paus. iv. 33. § 6; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 212.).. . 1 up, they travelled together to Mycenae, where Orestes killed the usurper Aletes, and Electra married Pylades. The Attic tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, have used the story of Electra very freely: the most perfect, however, is that in the "Electra" of Sophocles. When Aegisthus and Clytaemnestra, after the murder of Agamemnon, intended to kill young Orestes also, Electra saved him by sending him under the protection of a slave to king Strophius at Phanote in Phocis, who had the boy educated together with his own son Pylades. Electra, in the meantime, was ever thinking on taking revenge upon the murderers of her father, and when Orestes had grown up to manhood, she sent secret messages to 2. A daughter of Atlas and Pleione, was one of him to remind him of his duty to avenge his fathe seven Pleiades, and became by Zeus the mother ther. At length, Orestes came with Pylades to of Jasion and Dardanus. (Apollod. iii. 10. § 1, Argos. A lock of hair which he had placed on 12. §§ 1, 3.) According to a tradition preserved the grave of his father, was a sign to Electra that in Servius (ad Aen. i. 32, ii. 325, iii. 104, vii. 207) her brother was near. Orestes soon after made she was the wife of the Italian king Corythus, by himself known to her, and informed her that he whom she had a son Jasion; whereas by Zeus she was commanded by Apollo to avenge the death of was the mother of Dardanus. (Comp. Serv. ad Aen. his father. Both lamented their misfortunes, and i. 384, iii. 167; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 29.) Diodorus | Electra urged him to carry his design into effect. (v. 48) calls Harmonia her daughter by Zeus. Orestes then agreed with her that he and Pylades She is connected also with the legend about the should go into the house of Clytaemnestra, as Palladium. When Electra, it is said, had come as strangers from Phocis, and tell her that Orestes a suppliant to the Palladium, which Athena had was dead. This was done accordingly, and Aeestablished, Zeus or Athena herself threw it into gisthus and Clytaemnestra fell by the hand of the territory of Ilium, because it had been sullied Orestes, who gave Electra in marriage to his friend by the hands of a woman who was no longer a Pylades. (Comp. Aeschyl. Eumenides, and Euripure maiden, and king Ilus then built a temple to pides, Orestes.) She became by him the mother of Zeus. (Apollod. iii. 12. § 3.) According to others Medon and Strophius. Her tomb was shewn in it was Electra herself that brought the Palladium later times at Mycenae. (Paus. ii. 16. § 5.) to Ilium, and gave it to her son Dardanus. (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1136.) When she saw the city of her son perishing in flames, she tore out her hair for grief, and was thus placed among the stars as a comet. (Serv. ad Aen. x. 272.) According to others, Electra and her six sisters were placed among the stars as the seven Pleiades, and lost their brilliancy on seeing the destruction of Ilium. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 138; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1155.) The fabulous island of Electris was believed to have received its name from her. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 916.) . 3. A sister of Cadmus, from whom the Electrian gate at Thebes was said to have received its name. (Paus. ix. 8. § 3; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 916.) 4. A daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, is also called Laodice. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. | 742.) She was the sister of Iphigeneia, Chrysothemis, and Orestes. The conduct of her mother and Aegisthus threw her into grief and great suffering, and in consequence of it she became the accomplice of Orestes in the murder of his mother. Her story, according to Hyginus (Fab. 122), runs thus: On receiving the false report that Orestes and Pylades had been sacrificed to Artemis in Tauris, Aletes, the son of Aegisthus, assumed the government of Mycenae; but Electra, for the purpose of learning the particulars of her brother's death, went to Delphi. On the day she reached the place, Orestes and Iphigeneia likewise arrived there, but the same messenger who had before informed her of the death of Ŏrestes, now added, that he had been sacrificed by Iphigeneia. Electra, enraged at this, snatched a firebrand from the altar, with the intention of putting her sister's eyes out with it. But Orestes suddenly came to the spot, and made 5. A servant of Helen, was painted by Polyg notus in the Lesche at Delphi, in the act of kneeling before her mistress and fastening her sandals. (Paus. x. 25. § 2.) A sixth Electra occurs among the daughters of Danaus. (Apollod. ii. 1. § 5.) [L. S.] ELECTRYON ('HλEKтρówv), a son of Perseus and Andromeda, was king of Mycenae or Mideia in Argolis. (Paus. ii. 25. § 8.). He was married to Anaxo, the daughter of Alcaeus, by whom he had several children. (Apollod. ii. 4. § 5, &c.) The tradition about him is given under AMPHITRYON. Another Electryon is mentioned by Diodorus (iv. 67). [L. S.] ELECTRYONE (Ηλεκτρυώνη), a daughter of Helios and Rhodos. (Diod. v. 56; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. vii. 24.). The name is also used as a patronymic from Electryon, and given to his daughter, Alcmene. (Hes. Scut. Herc. 16.) [L. S.] ELECTUS. [ECLECTUS.] ELEIUS ('Hλeos). 1. A son of Poseidon and Eurydice, the daughter of Endymion, was king of the Epeians and father of Augeas. (Paus. v. 1. § 6, &c.) 2. A son of Amphimachus and king of Elis. In his reign the sons of Aristomachus invaded Peloponnesus. (Paus. v. 3. § 4.) 3. A son of Tantalus, from whom the country of Elis was believed to have received its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. "Hλis.) [L. S.] E'LEOS ("Eλeos), the personification of pity or mercy, had an altar in the agora at Athens. "The Athenians," says Pausanias (i. 17. § 1), “are the only ones among the Hellenes that worship this divine being, and among all the gods this is the most useful to human life in all its vicissitudes." . . p. Those who implored the assistance of the Athe- ELEUTHEREUS ('Eλevlepeús), a surname of ELIAS (Hxías). This name, which is of Hebrew origin, belongs to several Greek writers, chiefly ecclesiastics, of the Byzantine empire. There were several prelates of the name in the Oriental patriarchates and bishoprics, and several writers, chiefly ecclesiastics, in the Oriental tongues, for whom see Assemanni, Bibliotheca Orientalis, and Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 257, xi. p. 614. We give only those belonging to Greek biography. In ÉLEÛSIS ('Eλevois), a son of Hermes and Daeira, the daughter of Oceanus. The town of Eleusis in Attica was believed to have derived its name from him. (Paus. i. 38. §7; Apollod. i. 5. § 2; Hygin. Fab. 147.) He was married to Cothonea or Cyntinia. (Hygin. 7. c.; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 19.) [L. S.] ÉLEUSIS ('EXevois), is quoted by Diogenes Laërtius (i. 29) as the author of a work on Achilles (περὶ ̓Αχιλλέως). [L. S.] ELEUTHER ('Eλev¤ýp), a son of Apollo and Aethusa, the daughter of Poseidon, was regarded as the founder of Eleutherae in Boeotia. (Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Eλevdepal.) He was the grandfather of Jasius and Poemander, the founder of Tanagra. (Paus. ix, 20. § 2.) He is said to have been the first that erected a statue of Dionysus, and spread the worship of the god. (Hygin. Fub. 225.) There are two other mythical personages of the same name. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 39; Steph. Byz. s. v. Ελευθεραί.) [L. S.] 1. 2. 3. ELIAS. There were three patriarchs of Jerusalem of this name. Elias I. was patriarch from A. D. 494 or 495 till his deposition by a council held at Sidon, whose decree was enforced, A.D. 513, by the emperor Anastasius I. He died in exile A. D. 518. Elias II. held the patriarchate from A. D. 760, or earlier, to 797, with the exception of an interval, when he was expelled by an intrusive patriarch Theodorus. He was represented at the second general council of Nicaea, A. D. 787, by Joannes, a presbyter, and Thomas, principal of the convent of St. Arsenius near Babylon in Egypt: these ecclesiastics were also representatives of the patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch. Elias III. was patriarch at least as early as 881, when he sent a letter to Charles le Gros and the prelates, princes, and nobles of Gaul. A Latin version of the letter of Elias to Charlemagne (for it is scarcely probable that the original was in that language) was published in the Spicilegium of D'Achéry. Elias died about A. D. 907. (Papebroche, Tractatus preliminaris de Episcopis et Patriarchis Sanctae Hierosolymitanae Ecclesiae in the Acta Sanctorum : Maii, vol. iii. with the Appendix in vol. vii. p. 696, &c.; Labbe, Concilia, vol. vii.; D'Achéry, Spicileg. vol. iii. p. 363, ed. Paris, 1723.) Vil 4. ELIAS of CHARAX. A Manuscript in the library of St. Mark at Venice contains a citation, printed by Villoison, from a Greek treatise on versification by "Helias, a monk of Charax.” loison states that the passage cited by him is, in several MSS. of the King's Library at Paris, improperly ascribed to Plutarch. Harless incorrectly represents Villoison as speaking of two works of Helias on versification, and without, or rather against authority, connects the name of Elias of Crete with them. Part of this work is printed by Hermann in an Appendix to his edition of Dracon of Stratoniceia. [DRACON.] (Villoison, Anecd. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 85, 86; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 338.) 5. ELIAS of CRETE. There are several works extant ascribed to Elias Cretensis, whom Rader, Cave, Fabricius, and others, suppose to have been Elias, bishop (or rather metropolitan) of Crete, who took part in the second general council of Nicaea, A. D. 787. (Labbe, Concilia, vol. vii. ) Leunclavius considers that the author was a different person from the prelate, and places the former in the sixth century or thereabout. (Prooemium in Sti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera.) Oudin, who |