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Madame Defarge's hands were at her bosom. Miss Pross looked up, saw what it was, struck at it, struck out a flash and a crash, and stood alone blinded with smoke.

All this was in a second. As the smoke cleared, leaving an awful stillness, it passed out on the air, like the soul of Madame Defarge whose body lay lifeless on the ground.

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Try to visualize, i.e. to see with your imagination, Madame Defarge. To what trait of her character does the writer call attention? Compare your first impression of Miss Pross with that of Madame Defarge. What effect is produced upon you by the words "And still Madame Defarge came nearer and nearer"? How do we know that Miss Pross is very much agitated? What does Miss Pross imply when she says, "I am an Englishwoman"? Does she express the same idea at any other point? Does she act as your first impression led you to expect? As Madame Defarge expected? What made her victorious? story thrilling? Why?

SUGGESTIONS FOR ORAL AND WRITTEN ENGLISH

THEME SUBJECTS

Is this

The author begins with telling what kind of person Madame Defarge is, then he proves it by an illustration. What method does he use in the case of Miss Pross?

Dramatize the selection as in Suggestions, p. 106. Assign the parts to members of the class and act the scene as the story indicates it should be acted.

Make an outline (i.e. a scenario) of the chief points of this story for a moving picture. Act the scene silently.

Arrange the dialogue of this story as explained on page 106. Select what you think can be used as stage directions, and insert in parentheses where you think best. Write a story on this same theme, "Love

is Stronger than Hate," in which two schoolboys are the characters. Try to develop your idea principally by the use of dialogue.

Tell the story of Miss Pross's encounter, in the character of Miss Pross herself.

Dramatize The Pine-Tree Shillings, p. 171, supplying the necessary dialogue. Can you introduce some Indian character to make it more picturesque ?

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David Copperfield. Charles Dickens.
Lazarre. Mary H. Catherwood.

Monsieur Beaucaire. Booth Tarkington.

A Gentleman of France. Stanley Weyman.
The Adventures of François. S. Weir Mitchell.
The Three Musketeers. Alexander Dumas.

The Boyhood and Youth of Napoleon. Oscar Browning.

A DAY IN JUNE 1

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL

James Russell Lowell (1819–1891), born in the suburbs of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was descended from a cultured New England family. He was sent to Harvard and later had a private tutor at Concord, where he knew Emerson. (See The Humblebee, p. 246.) Like Washington Irving, he was minister to Spain. Later he was ambassador to England, in which position he won great popularity. In spite of his duties as editor of two well-known magazines, and as lecturer, succeeding Longfellow at Harvard, he published many poems and much prose. A Day in June is taken from The Vision of Sir Launfal, one of his most widely known poems. He lies buried in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts, not far from Longfellow's resting place. See also:

Halleck's History of American Literature, pp. 245-257, 284.
Scudder's James Russell Lowell: A Biography.

AND what is so rare as a day in June?
Then, if ever, come perfect days;
Then Heaven tries earth if it be in tune,

And over it softly her warm ear lays:
Whether we look, or whether we listen,
We hear life murmur, or see it glisten;
Every clod feels a stir of might,

An instinct within it that reaches and towers,

And, groping blindly above it for light,

Climbs to a soul in grass and flowers;

5

ΙΟ

1 Used by permission of, and by arrangement with, Houghton Mifflin Company authorized publishers of Lowell's works.

The flush of life may well be seen

Thrilling back over hills and valleys;
The cowslip startles in meadows green,

The buttercup catches the sun in its chalice,
And there's never a leaf nor a blade too mean
To be some happy creature's palace;
The little bird sits at his door in the sun,
Atilt like a blossom among the leaves,
And lets his illumined being o'errun

With the deluge of summer it receives;
His mate feels the eggs beneath her wings,

And the heart in her dumb breast flutters and

sings;

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He sings to the wide world, and she to her nest,
In the nice 2 ear of Nature which song is the best?
We are happy now because God wills it;
No matter how barren the past may have been,
'Tis enough for us now that the leaves are green;

15

20

25

We sit in the warm shade and feel right well
How the sap creeps up and the blossoms swell;

We may shut our eyes, but we cannot help knowing

30

That skies are clear and grass is growing;

The breeze comes whispering in our ear,

That dandelions are blossoming near,

That maize has sprouted, that streams are flowing,

That the river is bluer than the sky,

35

That the robin is plastering his house hard by;

And if the breeze kept the good news back,

For other couriers we should not lack;

We could guess it all by yon heifer's lowing, — And hark! how clear bold chanticleer,

40

Warmed with the new wine of the year,

Tells all in his lusty crowing!

1 Humble.

2 Thoughtful, discriminating.

STUDY HINTS

Can you answer the poet's question on line 24? How many things contribute to make a perfect June day? Can you add anything to the poet's list? What is your favorite month? What would constitute a perfect day in that month? Does any part of this resemble Wordsworth's descriptions of nature?

SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READINGS

The Fountain. James Russell Lowell.

Aladdin. James Russell Lowell.

The Shepherd of King Admetus. James Russell Lowell.

Sunthin' in the Pastoral Line (from The Biglow Papers, Second Series, No. VI). James Russell Lowell.

Knee-deep in June. James Whitcomb Riley.

Chanticleer. Celia Thaxter.

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