with cavalry charged their right: but they took post in the stone enclosure on the top of the height, from whence they could protect the howitzer which had been won, and they again drove back the enemy. Regnier had moved a column on their left to renew the attack, when part of General Picton's division came up; the head of General Dunlop's column forced the bridge at the same time, and ascended the heights on the right flank; the cavalry appear ed on the high ground in rear of their left, and Regnier then retreated across the hills towards Rendo, leaving the howitzer in the hands of those by whom it had been so gallantly won; about 200 dead on the field, and six officers and 300 prisoners Our loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, amounted to 161. What that of the French was in wounded is not known. They retired in the greatest disorder, caval ry, artillery, infantry, and baggage, all mixed. A fog favoured them, otherwise a good account would have been given of half their corps ;-so General Mackinnon says, in his journal, a man well capable of judging, and incapable of any exaggeration. Lord Wellington described this action, though the unavoidable accidents of weather had so materially interfered with the operations, and impeded their success, as one of the most glorious that British troops were ever engaged in.

Regnier joined the sixth corps at Rendo; for it had broken up from its position at Ruivina as soon as the firing began; they retreated to Alfayates, followed by our cavalry; that night they continued their retreat, and entered the Spanish frontier on the fourth. And on the eighth the last of Massena's army crossed the Agueda, not a Frenchman remaining in Portugal, except the garrison of Almeida, which Lord Wellington immediately prepared to blockade. The allies took up the position upon the Duas Casas,

which General Crawford had occupied with the advanced guard during the latter part of the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, having their advanced posts upon Gallegos and the Agueda. Thus terminated the invasion of Portugal, in which Massena, with 110,000 men, had boasted that he would drive the English into the sea. A general of the highest reputation, and of abilities no ways inferior to his celebrity, at the head of the largest force which France could send against that country, was thus in all his plans baffled by the equal skill of the British general, and in every engagement beaten by the superior courage of British troops. An enemy the most presumptuous and insolent that ever disgraced the profession of arms, the most cruel that ever outraged human nature, had been humbled and exposed in the face of Europe ;-it was in vain for the French government to call their retreat achange of position, however they might disguise and misrepresent the transactions in Portugal, however they might claim victories where they had sustained defeats, the map discovered their undeniable discomfiture; and the smallest kingdom in Europe, a kingdom too which long misgovernment had reduced to the most deplorable state of disorganization, had, by the help of England and the spirit of its inhabitants, defied and defeated that tyrant before whom the whole continent was humbled. Russia had been humbled so as to become the ally of France, to co-operate in her barbarous warfare against commerce, and to recognize her atrocious usurpations; Prussia had been beaten and reduced to vassalage. Austria was still more degraded by being compelled to give a daughter of its emperor in marriage to the murderous Corsican, whose crimes that emperor himself had proclaimed to the world. Poles and Italians, Dutch and Germans, from every part of divided and subjected Ger

many, filled up the armies of this barbarian; and the Portugueze, the poor, degraded, and despised Portugueze, the vilified, the injured, the insulted Portugueze, were the first people who drove this formidable enemy out of their country, and delivered themselves from the yoke.

While Massena was retreating, and before the intelligence arrived in England, a debate took place in both houses, upon a motion, that two millions should be granted for the Portugueze troops in British pay. The opposition did not let pass this opportunity of repeating their March 18. opinions and their prophecies,-in happy hour! Mr Ponsonby said, that our success consisted in having lost almost the whole of Portugal, and having our army hemmed in between Lisbon and Cartaxo; except that space we had abandon ed all Portugal. Mr Freemantle, after a panegyric upon Sir John Moore's retreat, for the discipline of his army among other things, said that the present campaign left Lord Wellington incapable of quitting his entrenchments, and only waiting the result of such movements as the enemy might be disposed to make. "It rests with the enemy," said he, "to chuse his day, to make his own dispositions, to wait for his reinforcements, to chuse whether he will continue to blockade you, or whether he will give you a fair opportunity of contending with him in the field. If we are to judge by the publications in France, he will decide upon the former, and in this he will judge wisely. The result of all your victories, of all your expenditure in men and money, of all your exertions, and of all your waste of the military resources of this country, is the position of your army at Lisbon, insulated and incapable of acting, but at the discretion of the enemy. Your allies in every other part of the penin

sula overwhelmed, and only manifesting partial and unavailable hostility; your own resources exhausted, and your hopes of ultimate success, to every mind which is not blinded by enthusiasm, completely annihilated. Such is the result of a system founded upon the principle of attempting to subdue Buonaparte by the force of your armies on the continent. Will any man say that this has been a wise system? Will any man, who is not determined, under any circumstances, to support the measures of a weak and misguided government, contend that it has been successful; that it has answered either the promises to your allies, or the hopes to your country; that it has either contributed to their security or to your own benefit?"

General Tarleton also delivered it as his opinion, that we had lost the whole of the peninsula, except the spot between Cartaxo and Lisbon; that the Portugueze troops had never been of any actual service; that we could not maintain ourselves in the country, for the fatal truth must at length be told; and that when our army was to get out of it, he was afraid it would be found a difficult matter. Lord Grenville, in the Upper House, spoke to the same purport, affirming that the British army in Portugal did not possess more of the country than the ground which it actually occupied, and that while we were vainly draining our own resources, and hazarding our best means, we did not essentially contribute to help or save Portugal. He added, that it was because he had the cause of Spain and Portugal sincerely and warmly at heart, that he felt anxious that we should pause in this wild and mad career of thoughtless prodigality, that we should look our own situation in the face, and learn the necessity of economising our resources, that we might be able at a period more favourable than the

with cavalry charged their right: but they took post in the stone enclosure on the top of the height, from whence they could protect the howitzer which had been won, and they again drove back the enemy. Regnier had moved a column on their left to renew the attack, when part of General Picton's division came up; the head of General Dunlop's column forced the bridge at the same time, and ascended the heights on the right flank; the cavalry appear ed on the high ground in rear of their left, and Regnier then retreated across the hills towards Rendo, leaving the howitzer in the hands of those by whom it had been so gallantly won; about 200 dead on the field, and six officers and 300 prisoners Our loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners, amounted to 161. What that of the French was in wounded is not known. They retired in the greatest disorder, caval ry, artillery, infantry, and baggage, all mixed. A fog favoured them, otherwise a good account would have been given of half their corps ;-so General Mackinnon says, in his journal, a man well capable of judging, and incapable of any exaggeration. Lord Wellington described this action, though the unavoidable accidents of weather had so materially interfered with the operations, and impeded their success, as one of the most glorious that British troops were ever engaged in.

Regnier joined the sixth corps at Rendo; for it had broken up from its position at Ruivina as soon as the firing began; they retreated to Alfayates, followed by our cavalry; that night they continued their retreat, and entered the Spanish frontier on the fourth. And on the eighth the last of Massena's army crossed the Agueda, not a Frenchman remaining in Portugal, except the garrison of Almeida, which Lord Wellington immediately prepared to blockade. The allies took up the position upon the Duas Casas,

which General Crawford had occupied with the advanced guard during the latter part of the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, having their advanced posts upon Gallegos and the Agueda. Thus terminated the invasion of Portugal, in which Massena, with 110,000 men, had boasted that he would drive the English into the sea. A general of the highest reputation, and of abilities no ways inferior to his celebrity, at the head of the largest force which France could send against that country, was thus in all his plans baffled by the equal skill of the British general, and in every engagement beaten by the su perior courage of British troops. An enemy the most presumptuous and insolent that ever disgraced the profession of arms, the most cruel that ever outraged human nature, had been humbled and exposed in the face of Eu rope ;-it was in vain for the French government to call their retreat a change of position, however they might disguise and misrepresent the transactions in Portugal, however they might claim victories where they had sustained defeats, the map discovered their undenia ble discomfiture; and the smallest kingdom in Europe, a kingdom too which long misgovernment had reduced to the most deplorable state of disorga nization, had, by the help of England and the spirit of its inhabitants, defied and defeated that tyrant before whom the whole continent was humbled. Russia had been humbled so as to become the ally of France, to co-operate in her barbarous warfare against commerce, and to recognize her atrocious usurpations; Prussia had been beaten and reduced to vassalage. was still more degraded by being compelled to give a daughter of its emperor in marriage to the murderous Corsican, whose crimes that emperor himself had proclaimed to the world. Poles and Italians, Dutch and Germans, from every part of divided and subjected Ger

many, filled up the armies of this barbarian; and the Portugueze, the poor, degraded, and despised Portugueze, the vilified, the injured, the insulted Portugueze, were the first people who drove this formidable enemy out of their country, and delivered themselves from the yoke.

While Massena was retreating, and before the intelligence arrived in England, a debate took place in both houses, upon a motion, that two millions should be granted for the Portugueze troops in British pay. The opposition did not let pass this opportunity of repeating their March 18. opinions and their prophecies,-in happy hour! Mr Ponsonby said, that our success consisted in having lost almost the whole of Portugal, and having our army hemmed in between Lisbon and Cartaxo; except that space we had abandon ed all Portugal. Mr Freemantle, after a panegyric upon Sir John Moore's retreat, for the discipline of his army among other things, said that the present campaign left Lord Wellington incapable of quitting his entrenchments, and only waiting the result of such movements as the enemy might be disposed to make. "It rests with the enemy," said he, "to chuse his day, to make his own dispositions, to wait for his reinforcements, to chuse whether he will continue to blockade you, or whether he will give you a fair opportunity of contending with him in the field. If we are to judge by the publications in France, he will decide upon the former, and in this he will judge wisely. The result of all your victories, of all your expenditure in men and money, of all your exertions, and of all your waste of the military resources of this country, is the position of your army at Lisbon, insulated and incapable of acting, but at the discretion of the enemy. Your allies in every other part of the penin

sula overwhelmed, and only manifesting partial and unavailable hostility; your own resources exhausted, and your hopes of ultimate success, to every mind which is not blinded by enthusiasm, completely annihilated. Such is the result of a system founded upon the principle of attempting to subdue Buonaparte by the force of your armies on the continent. Will any man say that this has been a wise system? Will any man, who is not determined, under any circumstances, to support the measures of a weak and misguided government, contend that it has been successful; that it has answered either the promises to your allies, or the hopes to your country; that it has either contributed to their security or to your own benefit?"

General Tarleton also delivered it as his opinion, that we had lost the whole of the peninsula, except the spot between Cartaxo and Lisbon; that the Portugueze troops had never been of any actual service; that we could not maintain ourselves in the country, for the fatal truth must at length be told; and that when our army was to get out of it, he was afraid it would be found a difficult matter. Lord Grenville, in the Upper House, spoke to the same purport, affirming that the British army in Portugal did not possess more of the country than the ground which it actually occupied, and that while we were vainly draining our own resources, and hazarding our best means, we did not essentially contribute to help or save Portugal. He added, that it was because he had the cause of Spain and Portugal sincerely and warmly at heart, that he felt anxious that we should pause in this wild and mad career of thoughtless prodigality, that we should look our own situation in the face, and learn the necessity of economising our resources, that we might be able at a period more favourable than the

present, to lend to the cause of the nations of the peninsula, or to that of any other country similarly situated, that support and those exertions which, when made under all the circumstances of our present situation, must be found

not only wholly unavailing to our allies, but highly injurious to ourselves.

Two days after these opinions were delivered, the telegraph announced the news of Massena's retreat,