The Steam Engine Familiarly Explained and Illustrated: With an Historical Sketch of Its Invention and Progressive Improvement,A. S. Barnes & Company, 1856 - 324 ページ |
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action admitted advantage air-pump apparatus applied ascend atmospheric engine atmospheric pressure axis axle beam boiler boiling bottom carriage centre chimney cistern closed coal cold water communication condenser connected consequently considerable constructed continued contrivance crank cubic foot cubic inch cylinder diminished elastic force equal exhausting valve expansion feet fire flue fly wheel foot fuel furnace grate greater heat horse-power horses inches of mercury increased invention lever liquid Liverpool load locomotive engines machine Manchester manner mercury method miles an hour motion moving power necessary opened paddle board paddle wheel passengers passes piston-rod placed position pounds pressed produced propelling proportion pump quantity of water railroad railway raised represented in fig resistance speed square inch steam engine stuffing box sufficient sun wheel supply of steam surface temperature thermometer tion tons transport tube turnpike roads upper steam valve vacuum vapour velocity vessel Watt weight
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45 ページ - An admirable and most forcible way to drive up water by fire, not by drawing or sucking it upwards, for that must be as the philosopher calleth it, infra spheeram activitatis, which is but at such a distance. But this way hath no bounder, if the vessels be strong enough...
152 ページ - The engines have been constantly varied in their weight and proportions, in their magnitude and form, as the experience of each successive month has indicated. As defects became manifest they were remedied; improvements suggested were adopted ; and each quarter produced engines of such increased power and efficiency, that their predecessors were abandoned, not because they were worn out, but because they had been outstripped in the rapid march of improvement...
124 ページ - Watt; his new colleague was a man of affluence and of great personal influence, "and to a most generous and ardent mind, he added an uncommon spirit for undertaking what was great and difficult. Mr. Watt was studious and reserved, keeping aloof from the world; while Mr. Bolton was a man of address, delighting in society, active, and mixing with people of all ranks with great freedom, and without ceremony.
146 ページ - The upper end of the pistonrod is fastened to the middle of a cross-bar, which is placed in a direction at right angles, to the length of the boiler, and guided in its ascending and descending...
184 ページ - Manchester, 30 miles in 2 hours and 40 minutes, exclusive of delays upon the road for watering, &c., being at the rate of nearly 12 miles an hour. The speed varied according to the inclinations of the road. Upon a level it was 12 miles an hour ; upon a descent of 6 feet in a mile, it was 16 miles an hour; upon a rise of 8 feet in a mile it was about 9 miles an hour. The weather was calm, the rails very wet, but the wheels did not slip, even in the slowest speed, except at starting, the rails being...
230 ページ - The risk from explosion of the boiler is the only new cause of danger, and that I consider not equivalent to the danger from horses.
154 ページ - ... has been said that in Great Britain there are above a million of horses engaged in various ways in the transport of passengers and goods, and that to support each horse requires as much land as would upon an average support eight men. If this quantity of animal power were displaced by steam-engines, and the means of transport drawn from the bowels of the earth, instead of being raised upon its surface...
10 ページ - It has increased the sum of human happiness, not only by calling new pleasure into existence, but by so cheapening former enjoyments as to render them attainable by those who before never could have hoped to share them. Nor are its effects confined to England alone ; they extend over the whole civilized world ; and the savage tribes of America, Asia, and Africa, must ere long feel the benefits, remote or immediate, of this all-powerful agent.
230 ページ - In steam power, on the contrary, ' there is no danger- of being run away with, and that of being overturned is greatly diminished. It is difficult to control four such horses as can draw a heavy carriage ten miles per hour, in case they are frightened, or choose to run away ; and for quick travelling they must be kept in that state of courage, that they are always inclined for running away, particularly down hills, and at sharp turns of the road.
163 ページ - Stephenson, having two cylinders with a cylindrical boiler, and working two pair of wheels, by cranks placed at right angles ; so that when the one was in full operation, the other was at its dead points. By these means the propelling power was always in action. The cranks were maintained in this position by an endless chain, which passed round two cogged wheels placed under the engine, and which were fixed on the same axles on which the wheels were placed.