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CREASE.

BOWLER.

All being now in readiness for the game, the bowler takes the ball, and, after calling "play" before starting, delivers the ball in the direction of the wicket farthest from him. His object is to strike it with the ball, and if he succeed in the attempt, the batsman stationed at that wicket is out. The object of the batsman obviously is to keep the ball off his wicket, and also, by striking it to a distance, to make one or more runs towards the game for his party. A run is scored when the batsman is able to pass from wicket to wicket without being put out before he comes fairly behind the popping crease, or places the end of his bat within it. If the batsman runs from one wicket to the other, and then returns to the wicket he started from, he counts two runs for his party, and so on.

BOWLING

CREASE

...

WICKET.

BATSMAN.

We come now to the preparation and allotment of the cricket ground preparatory to play, confining our remarks at present to the usual game of double wicket. If only an ordinary field be available for the game, the most level portion of it, as near the centre as possible, is selected for the purpose of pitching the wickets. These must be directly opposite each other, and at a distance of twenty-two yards apart. A line six feet eight inches in length is drawn with chalk upon the ground at each wicket, so that the stumps stand in its centre. This is called the bowling crease. At each end of it another but short line is drawn at right angles behind the wicket, and this is named the return crease. The object of these lines is to mark out the space within which the bowler must be standing when he delivers the ball. In front of the wicket, four feet from it, and parallel with the bowling crease, another line, called the popping crease, is drawn. No precise length is defined for the popping crease, save that it must be at least as long as the bowling crease behind it. Within the space marked by these two creases is the batsman's proper ground, passing out of which he risks being put out of the game, by a touch of the wicket with the ball by one of the opposite side. The nature of the creases, and the ground marked out by them, will be made clear by diagram No. 1.

POPPING

CREASE.

RETURN CREASE.

DIAGRAM NO. 1. THE BOWLING AND POPPING CREASES,

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When the ball is struck, the fielders, waiting in eager expectation, strive to catch it or otherwise stop it, and return it immediately to the wicket-keeper or bowler, that he may strike the wicket with it before the batsman reaches home. If this be done, or if the ball be caught in the first instance, the batsman is out, and another of his party succeeds him, until all the eleven have taken the bat in turn. The number of runs they have made between them is then counted up, and their opponents, now taking their innings, try to get a higher number if possible. Usually, in a game of double wicket, each side has two innings, and the party that can boast the highest total at the end of the play wins the game.

LONG-STOP.

7

LONG-SLIP.

6

SHORT-SLIP.

2

Before commencing the game, the two parties-divided, we will suppose, into the ordinary number of eleven on each side select two umpires, whose duty it is to see that the rules of the game are adhered to, and settle disputed points that may arise in the course of the play. The umpires pitch the wickets, and the captains or leading members of the two elevens toss for innings; that is, which side shall first take the bat in the play. The winner's party generally go first to the wickets. The order in which they shall take the bat is decided by their leader. Two of the party station themselves, bat in hand,

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WICKET-KEEPER,

... WICKET.

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This is a brief explanation of the mode and the object of the play; but it may be as well to remark here that, besides the runs gained by the batsmen in the manner before mentioned, the side which has the innings sometimes allowed to score runs through the negligence of their opponents. Thus, if the ball, instead of being fairly bowled, is thrown or jerked towards the wicket, it is called a "no ball," and the batsman's party score one for it. Again, if it pass over the striker's head, or so wide of the wicket as to be out of his reach, it is a "wide ball," and the in side score one. Or, if either the "no ball" or "wide ball" be not stopped by the fielders, the batsmen may run from wicket to wicket, as if the ball had been struck in their play, and count as many runs as they can make. There are also other ways of the batsman's being put out than those mentioned in the foregoing description; but these will be found fully detailed in the laws of the game, which will be given in another paper. In this we shall also give a little practical advice to the young player, with illustrations of the proper attitudes in batting, bowling, etc.

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facing each other; and they are then ready for the game. The opposite side select their bowler, and the captain of this eleven stations his men at the various points of the ground, according to his knowledge of their par ticular aptitude in fielding that is, in catching the ball, stopping it, etc. The positions in which the fielders as a body shall be placed are fixed by custom, which is founded on experience of where they are most likely to be effective. These positions are occasionally uit the character of the bowling, whether fast or rule the men are stationed for medium bowling -itions indicated by diagram No. 2.

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LONG-ON.

LESSONS IN ARCHITECTURE.-II.

BUILDINGS IN UNHEWN STONE.

We will now proceed to trace briefly but distinctly the progress
of architecture amongst the different nations of antiquity, for
the purpose of reaching our own times in chronological order.
Before entering into details, we may point out the particular
features which characterise the grand periods of the art, and
the different systems in which its resources were developed in
order to satisfy the numerous demands of the civilisation in
which it originated.
Architecture, like all the productions of the human mind,

The simplicity of the first erections for religious purposes may be seen in the construction of the altars of early times. The first sacrifices, which the Bible and ancient tradition trace up to the creation, were made upon consecrated heaps of stones, which were collected upon high places. These first altars, called BETH-EL (the House of God), were erected in Chaldea, in Judea, and in Egypt. They were built, according to the Scriptures, of stones without cement, if the places where they were raised afforded proper materials. In other places they were constructed of turf and earth, where the plain country presented no solid materials. Such erections or mounds are found in Asia Minor and in India; at Heliopolis, celebrated for the worship of the

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DRUIDICAL REMAINS ON THE PLAIN OF CARNAC, IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MORBIHAN, FRANCE. presents at first only simple rudiments, quite in accordance with | primitive manners. From the earliest ages we find three great divisions established amongst all nations: first, private buildings; secondly, religious edifices; and thirdly, military constructions of a defensive character.

The first care of a people, as we remarked before, would be to construct individual habitations; but being at first hunters and shepherds, they would be necessarily wanderers, and their dwellings would be tents constructed of the skins of animals, or cottages made of branches of trees. When they dwelt on the borders of rivers they would employ reeds; Asia and Egypt present us with examples of this kind. In some exceptional cases they dwelt in caverns, or in shallow excavations. The cottages were usually circular; piles of stones and earth, arranged in a circle, constituted their foundation. This form is found amongst all nations; that of the square, requiring more complicated combinations, was not adopted at first.

VOL. I.

sun, and the great sidereal divinity of the Syrians. Lucian describes a throne or altar to the sun composed of four great stones arranged in the form of a table. At Ortosia, in Syria, there is an edifice of this kind raised in an open enclosure, and built of stones in a square form. Strabo relates that, travelling in Egypt, he saw his road covered with temples devoted to the god Mercury, which were composed of two unhewn stones, which supported a third, resembling the cromlechs which are to be seen in some parts of England. Artemidorus, quoted by Strabo, mentions that in Africa, near Carthage, the god Melkart (Moloch), or the Phoenician Hercules, was worshipped in a similar manner,, three or four stones being placed one upon another in the form of a rude altar or table.

This simple manner of building applied to primitive altars, and to the sacred enclosures which surrounded them, after having been developed, as we have seen, in Asia and Africa, extended into Europe from the borders of the Black Sea and the Caucasus,

24

where M. Dubois, of Neufchatel, saw a great number, even to the Atlantic Ocean and to the northern seas. Pausanias describes some of these in Argolis, and recent travellers have seen others in Greece. It is well known that they exist in France, in England, in Norway, and in Sweden, where all these works of early civilisation are known under the name of Celtic and Druidical monuments. America presents numerous examples of similar constructions, which show how rising nations exhibit the same analogies, as their arts are in the process of formation. Simple as this system of building is, for it cannot yet be called architecture, we recognise the periods of its commence. ment, its progress, and its development. Thus the most ancient of these edifices, such as were erected by the most ignorant people, were built of enormous stones in the shape which nature gave them. Moreover, they selected those which presented the square form, if they did not give them this form by manual labour. Stonehenge, in England, exhibits a number of square pillars supporting enormous architraves, the whole appearing to have constituted a large and well-constructed edifice. These evidences of the first attempts of past civilisation are gradually and daily disappearing under the progress of those which are being developed around them. Thus Asia has lost most of her ancient monuments, owing to the early state of her progress in the arts. Africa, for the same reason, presents as few examples, although they are mentioned by ancient authors. Greece and Italy, and their neighbouring islands, only exhibit, examples of the same kind in places nearly deserted. The northern countries of Europe alone preserve some, because that civilisation was later there; and the history of their sudden and unexpected conquests extends only to a period of about two thousand years.

participle of these verbs undergoes. The feminine terminations of the past participle of the irregular verbs will be found in the alphabetical table, § 62.

3. The last letter of the feminine termination is always an e mute.

4. The plural of a past participle not ending with an s is formed by the addition of that letter to the singular, masculine or feminine.

5. The participle past, accompanied by the auxiliary verb avoir, never agrees with the nominative or subject [§ 134 (3)]. Les demoiselles ont chanté, Ces messieurs ont la toute la journée,

The young ladies sang.
Those gentlemen read the whole day.

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7. The participle, accompanied by the auxiliary verb avoir,
agrees in gender and number with its direct object or régime
direct (§ 2 (2), § 42 (4), when that object precedes it [§ 134
(4)).
The ladies whom we have seen.
The letters which we have read.

Les dames que nous avons vues,
Les lettres que nous avons lues,
8. When the régime direct or objective (accusative) follows
the participle, no agreement takes place [§ 134 (5)].
Avez-vous vu les dames?
Avons-nous lu les lettres?

Have you seen the ladies?
Have we read the letters?

In America the later civilisation of the Aztecs 9. A participle past never agrees with its régime indirect, or (1196) and the Mexicans caused the primitive monuments around indirect object (dative or ablative) [§ 2 (3), § 42 (5)]. them to disappear, by the development of their own. This pro- Les dames à qui nous avons parlé, The ladies to whom we have spoken. cess is perfectly analogous to that which took place first in Asia, 10. The participle past used adjectively, that is, without an then in Greece, Africa, and Italy, and which we now see taking auxiliary verb, follows the rule of the adjective [§ 66 (3), place in the western countries, where their materials are used § 134 (1)]. for roads and private buildings.

This simple and primitive style of architecture appears to have been originally universal, if it was not simultaneous with the progress of civilisation, which marched from east to west; and has left monuments and edifices so varied as to occasion them to be classified, and have names given to each class. These names are borrowed from the old Celtic tongue, or language of the Druids. Thus, erections of the first class, which consisted of long stones, erect and isolated (standing singly) like obelisks, were called Peulvans, or Menhirs. Buildings of the second class, consisting of a huge unhewn stone, supported on two or more rough stones set on end on the earth, are called Cromlechs by British archæologists and Dolmens by French antiquarians. The third class consists of Uncovered Alleys, of upright stones, placed in rows like trees, and occupying a very considerable area, like those of the plain of Carnac, in the department of Morbihan, part of the old province of Brittany, in France. While in the fourth class these long rows of stones assume a circular or elliptical form, and support stones placed on them horizontally so as to form a lintel or architrave. The military constructions of early times appear to have been mounds or artificial hills, at the summit of which there was a shallow excavation, of which the edges formed a rampart. It is certain that in countries where hills naturally occurred they were fortified in the same way as those which were raised by art. These natural fortifications are still to be seen in the neighbourhood, of Athens and the Piræus, and they were of immense service in the last war of independence. Mankind in a savage or wandering state having no instruments for raising the earth or digging ditches, made fortified enclosures with heaped stones, having a double slope. The entrances to these fortresses were defended by artificial hills, placed inside near the gates.

SONS IN FRENCH.-XXIV.

XLI. THE PAST PARTICIPLE [§ 134].
rticiple, which in French forms a part of every
-e [§ 45 (8)], is susceptible of changes in its

lent will find, in the table of the terminations of
[§ 60], the different changes which the past

Des livres bien imprimés,

Well-printed books.

11. The participle, preceded by the relative pronoun en, remains invariable, although the en should relate to a feminine or plural noun [§ 135 (7)]. Avez-vous apporté des plumes? J'en ai apporté,

Have you brought pens?
I have brought some.

12. The presence of en does not, however, prevent the agree ment of the participle, when it is preceded by a régime direct [§ 135 (7)]. Les plumes que j'en ai apportées,

Thepens which I have brought from it.

RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES.

Vos sœurs ont-elles écrit ?
Elles n'ont pas encore écrit.
Les lettres que nous avons écrites.
Avez-vous écrit vcs lettres ?
Je les ai lues, je les ai écrites.
Les avez-vous apportées ?
Avez-vous appelé ces dames?
Je ne les ai pas apportées.
Je ne les ai pas appelées.
Qui avez-vous vu ce matin?
Nous avons vu ces demoiselles.
Nous les avons vues.

Nous ne leur avons pas parlé.
Avez-vous des livres reliés ?
J'ai des livres brochés.

Avez-vous acheté des pommes ?
J'en ai acheté.

Nous en avons acheté.

Nous les en avons persuadés.

Have your sisters written?
They have not yet written.
The letters which we have written.
Have you written your letters?
I have read them, I have written them.
Have you brought them?

I have not brought them.
Have you called those ladies!
I have not called them.
Whom have you seen this morning?
We have seen those young ladies.
We have seen them.

We have not spoken to them.
Have you bound books?

I have unbound (stitched in paper
covers) books.

Have you bought apples!

I have bought some.

We have bought some.

We have persuaded them of it. VOCABULARY.

Achet-er, 1, to buy [§ Dit, from dire, 4, ír., | Laiss-er, 1, to leave.

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Nouvelle, f, nowa.

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vues;

EXERCISE 77.

1. Nous avez-vous apporté nos habits? 2. Nous ne les avons pas encore apportés. 3. Les avez-vous oubliés ? 4. Nous ne les avons pas oubliés, mais nous n'avons pas eu le temps de les apporter. 5. Pourquoi n'avez-vous pas appelé les marchands? 6. Je les ai appelés, mais ils ne m'ont pas entendu. 7. Avezvous entendu cette musique? 8. Je l'ai entendue. 9. N'avezvous pas vu les jolies fleurs qui j'ai apportées ? 10. Je les ai à qui les avez-vous données ? 11. Je ne les ai données à personne, je les ai gardées pour vous. 12. Avez-vous bien examiné ces gravures? 13. Je les ai bien examinées. 14. Les avez-vous achetées? 15. Je ne les ai point achetées. 16. N'avezvous point reçu vos revenus? 17. Je ne les ai point encore reçus. 18. La domestique a-t-elle cassé ces tasses ? 19. Elle les a cassées. 20. A-t-elle cassé des tasses exprès ? 21. Elle n'en a pas cassé exprès. 22. Avez-vous acheté des livres reliés ou brochés. 23. J'ai acheté des livres reliés. 24. Nous avezvous dit ces paroles ? 25. Nous vous les avons dites, mais vous les avez oubliées. 26. Je n'ai pas oublié votre commission.

EXERCISE 78.

7. Has

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Où ce Monsieur est-il né?

Il est né à Paris ou à Lyon.
Votre nièce a-t-elle été voir son
frère ?

Elle a été le voir hier.

Where was that gentleman born?
He was born in Paris or Lyons.
Did your niece go to visit her brother?

She went to see him yesterday (and is back).

She went to see him yesterday (and is not back).

VOCABULARY.
m.,

Bijouterie, f., jewellery. | Magasin,
Chapelier, m., hatter.
Espagne, f., Spain.
Eté, from être, 4, ir.,

been.
Horloger, m., watch-
maker.

Maçon, m., mason.

1. Have you seen my cups? 2. I have not yet seen them. 3. Have you brought me my books? 4. I have not forgotten them, I have left them at my brother's. 5. Has your mother Elle est allée le voir hier. called your sisters ? 6. She has not yet called them. the servant told you this news? 8. She has told me this news. 9. She has told it me. 10. Have you forgotten my errand? 11. We have not forgotten it, we have forgotten your money. 12. Where have you left your purse? 13. We left it at the merchant's. 14. Have you bought the beautiful engravings which I saw at your bookseller's ? 15. I have not seen them. 16. Has your mother bought them ? 17. She has bought books, but she has bought no engravings. 18. Has that little girl broken my cups? 19. She has broken them on purpose. 20. Does that lady receive her income every month? 21. She receives it every six months. 22. Is the house which you have bought large? 23. I have bought no house. 24. Did you receive a letter from your father yesterday? 25. I received a letter from him four days ago. 26. Have you spoken to those ladies? 27. I have spoken to them. 28. Have you given them flowers? 29. I have given them some (en). 30. Are the books which you have bought bound? 31. No, Sir, they are in paper covers. 32. Have you examined that house? 33. I have not examined it. 34. Your brother (en) has examined several (plusieurs).

SECTION XLII.-USE OF THE AUXILIARIES [§ 46]. 1. The active verb [§ 43 (2) (3)], that is, the verb which has or may have a direct regimen or object, always takes avoir as its auxiliary [§ 46 (1)].

Nous avons écrit à notre banquier, We have written to our banker.

2. Almost all neuter verbs, i.e., verbs which cannot have a direct object, take the auxiliary avoir, when they express action. Nous avons couru, marché, parlé, We have run, walked, spoken.

3. The compound tenses of a few neuter verbs, expressing action, are, however, conjugated with être :-Aller, to go; arriver, to arrive; choir, tomber, to fall; décéder, mourir, to die; naître, to be born; venir, to come; parvenir, to succeed; devenir, to become; revenir, to return. À quelle heure êtes-vous venu? Je suis né en France,

At what hour did you come?

I was born in France.

Look carefully at the last example, and mark that, when the person spoken of is living, the French use the present and not the past of the auxiliary with the past participle of naître, to be born:-Cette dame est née en Angleterre, that lady (is) was born in England. Mon frère est né en France, my brother (is) was born in France.

4. A few neuter verbs [§ 46 (3)] take avoir, when they express action, and être, when they express situation.

Votre frère a-t-il sorti aujourd'hui? Has your brother gone out this
morning?
Votre frère est-il sorti?

Is your brother gone out?

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ware

house.
Malade, sick.
Marchandise, f., mer-

chandise.
Montre, f., watch.
Né, from naitre, 4, ir.,
to be born.

EXERCISE 79.

Orfèvre, m., goldsmith.
Part-ir, 2, ir., to set out.
Retourn-er, 1, to re-
turn.

Sort-ir, 2, ir., to go out.
Suisse, Switzerland.
Venu, from venir, 2,
ir., come.

1. A quelle heure votre sœur est-elle venue? 2. Elle est venue à huit heures moins un quart. 3. Ces demoiselles sontelles nées à Rouen ou à Caen ? 4. Elles ne sont nées ni à Rouen ni à Caen, elles sont nées à Strasbourg. 5. L'horloger est-il chez lui? 6. Non, Monsieur, il est allé à son magasin. 7. A-t-il été à Paris cette année? 8. Oui, Madame, il y a été. 9. Y a-t-il acheté des marchandises ? 10. Il y a acheté de la bijouterie. 11. Avez-vous été trouver mon père ? 12. J'ai été le trouver. 13. Votre chapelier a-t-il sorti aujourd'hui ? 14. Il n'a pas sorti, il est malade. 15. Le maçon est-il à la maison ? 16. Non, Madame, il est sorti. 17. Quand est-il sorti? 18. Il est sorti il y a une heure. 19. Votre chapelier est-il arrivé aujourd'hui ou hier? 20. Il est arrivé hier à quatre heures du matin. 21. Notre tailleur a-t-il été voir son père aujourd'hui ? 22. Il est parti pour Lyon. 23. L'orfèvre de mon cousin n'estil pas parti pour l'Espagne ? 24. Non, Monsieur, il est retourné en Allemagne. 25. Ma soeur a été à l'église ce matin, et elle est allée à l'école il y a une demi-heure.

out?

EXERCISE 80.

he is out.
1. Is the physician at home? 2. No, Sir, he is not at home;
have not been out; I am sick. 5. Is your sister's little girl
3. Have you been out this morning? 4. No, Sir, I
6. Yes, Sir, she is out; she is at my brother's. 7. At
what hour did the hatter arrive? 8. He arrived last evening
at nine. 9. Did the jeweller go to Paris or Lyons this year?
10. He went to Paris six months ago, but he is back (de retour).
11. Did you go to my brother or to my sister? 12. I have not
had time to go to them. 13. Where was that gentleman born?
14. He was born in England-in Exeter or in Portsmouth.
15. Was not your sister born in Paris? 16. No, Sir, she was
born in Madrid, in Spain. 17. Did you tell me that your
brother has bought a good house? 18. He has bought a very
good house in London. 19. Do you know at what time the
watchmaker arrived? 20. He arrived this morning at a quarter
before five. 21. Has he brought much jewellery? 22. He has
not brought much jewellery, but he has brought many watches.
23. Has he been in France or in Germany? 24. He has been
in France, in Germany, and in Switzerland. 25. Is your sister
in (à la maison), Sir? 26. No, Sir, she is out; she is gone to
church. 27. Did she go to school yesterday? 28. She went
to school and to church. 29. Is she there now? 30. No, Sir,
she is back. 31. Is the hatter arrived? 32. Yes, Sir, he is

arrived. 33. When did he arrive? 34. He arrived yesterday, at nine o'clock in the morning.

SECTION XLIII.-IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS.

20. J'ai l'intention de l'emmener. 21. Qu'avez-vous apporté de France? 22. Nous avons apporté de magnifiques soieries, des draps fins et des chapeaux de Lyon. 23. Avez-vous amené votre fille à pied ou à cheval? 24. Je l'ai amenée en voiture.

1. Combien de temps corresponds with the English expression 25. Vos frères nous ont apporté des livres. how long.

Combien de temps avez-vous de- How long did you live in Italy? meuré en Italie ?

2. Combien de fois answers to the English how often, how many times.

Combien de fois y avez-vous été ?

How many times have you been
there?

3. Jusqu'où is used for how far, what distance, etc.
Jusqu'où avez-vous été ?
How far have you been?

4. Jusqu'à quelle heure, till what hour, means also how late. Jusqu'à quelle heure avez-vous How late did you wait?

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6. Mener [§ 49], porter, to take, to carry; amener, apporter, to bring, to take with one; emmener, emporter, to take, to carry away. We use mener, amener, emmener, for to take, to bring, to take away, in the sense of conducting, leading, guiding, on foot or in a vehicle. Porter, apporter, emporter, mean to carry, to bring, to carry away, etc. Menez votre sœur à l'école, Portez ce livre à votre sœur,

Take your sister to school.
Take this book to your sister.

RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES.

Jusqu'où votre frère est-il allé ?
Il est allé jusqu'à Paris.
Combien de temps va-t-il y rester?
Il va y rester jusqu'au printemps.
Combien de temps avez-vous de-
meuré à Londres ?

Nous y avons demeuré six ans.
Jusqu'où avez-vous été ?

Nous avons été jusqu'aux Champs
Elysées.

Jusqu'à quelle heure avez-vous
écrit ?

J'ai écrit jusqu'à minuit.
D'où viennent ces Allemandes ?
Elles viennent d'Aix-la-Chapelle.
Par où sont-elles venues?
Elles sont venues par Bruxelles.
Menez-vous cette petite fille à
l'école ?

Je ne l'y mène pas, je l'y porte; elle
est trop petite pour marcher.
Amenez-vous vos enfants ?
Portez-vous une lettre à la poste?
J'emmène mon cheval, j'emporte

ma moutre.

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How far is your brother gone?
He is gone as far as Paris.
How long is he going to stay there?
He is going to stay there until spring.
How long did you live in London ?

We lived there six years.
How far did you go?

EXERCISE 82.

1. How long did your son live in London? 2. He lived there ten years. 3. How far is the physician gone? 4. The physician is gone as far as Cologne. 5. Has he taken his son with him? 6. He has not taken him. 7. How have you brought your two little girls? 8. I brought one in a carriage, and my wife carried the other. 9. Is she too little to walk? 10. She is not too small to walk, but she is ill. 11. Have you brought your horse? 12. We have brought two horses. 13. Have you brought the books which you have promised me? 14. I have forgotten to bring them. 15. Has that lady brought her eldest son? 16. She has brought all her children. 17. How did they come? 18. They came in a carriage. 19. Which way did your brother come from Germany? 20. He came by Aix-la-Chapelle and Brussels. 21. Do you intend to take your son to school this afternoon? 22. I do not intend to take him there, it is too cold. 23. Is that child too ill to walk? 24. He is too ill to walk, and I intend to carry him. 25. Why do you not take him in a carriage? 26. My brother has taken my horse away. 27. Have you brought the physician? 28. I have not brought him, no 30. I have another, I do not want it. 31. Have you taken my one is ill at our house. 29. Will you take this book to church? letter to the post-office? 32. I have forgotten it. 33. How late did you write? 34. I wrote until after midnight. 35. Whence do your sisters come? 36. They come from Paris.

HISTORIC SKETCHES.-XII.

THE PROTECTOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH.

AT the Royal Palace of Whitehall, on the 3rd of September, 1658, a man lay dying. Eight days before he felt so confident of life that he told his wife not to think he should die, as he felt sure

We went as far as the Champs Ely of the contrary. Now he was speechless, sinking; and the last

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1. Le jeune homme est-il allé loin? 2. Il n'est pas allé bien loin, il n'est allé que jusqu'à Paris. 3. Vos enfants font trop de bruit, pourquoi ne les emmenez-vous pas ? 4. Ils sont malades, ils ne pouvent marcher. 5. Comment les avez-vous amenés ici ? 6. Je les ai amenés en voiture. 7. À quelle heure amenez-vous le médecin ? 8. Je l'amène tous les jours à midi. 9. Combien de fois par jour menez-vous vos élèves à l'église ? 10. Je les mène à l'église deux fois par jour. 11. Combien de fois y avez-vous été ? 12. J'y ai été plusieurs fois. 13. Par où ces voyageurs sont-ils venus? 14. Ils sont venus par Amiens et par Rouen. 15. D'où apportez-vous cette nouvelle ? 16. Je l'anorte de Cologne. 17. D'où avez-vous amené ces superbes 18. Je les ai amenés d'Angleterre. 19. Si vous rance, avez-vous l'intention d'emmener votre fils?

thing about which he had seriously troubled himself was a curious metaphysical one. "Tell me," he said to Sterry, a minister who stood by him, "is it possible to fall from grace?" "It is not possible," said the minister. "Then," exclaimed the dying man, "I am safe; for I know that I was once in grace." And then he prayed, "Lord, though a miserable and wretched creature, I am in covenant with thee through thy grace, and may and will come to thee for thy people. Thou hast made me a mean instrument to do them some good, and thee service. Many of them set too high a value upon me, though others would be glad of my death. Lord, however thou disposest of me, continue and go on to do good for them. Teach those who look too much upon thy instruments, to depend more upon thyself, and pardon such as desire to trample upon the dust of a poor worm, for they are thy people too."

The attention of all England was riveted on the sick room at Whitehall, with keen and sincere interest. From the lips of many went forth earnest prayers that God would be pleased to spare the invalid's life; in the hearts of many there were fears and misgivings as to what would come in the event of that prayer being rejected; in other hearts there were joy and exultation over the death of a sinner; while in others, that should have been kindly disposed, there was a certain sort of assurance that there is something in the misfortunes of our greatest friends which is not displeasing to us. A frightful wind-storm raged, rooting up trees in the park, and tearing off the roofs of houses in London. The friends of the dying argued that God was giving warning of his intention to take to himself the great soul of the sufferer; his enemies argued that "the princes of the powers of the air" were holding fearful revels amid the storin driven clouds in honour of the prospect of seizing on a great offender's soul.

The dying man was Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England and Ireland, the man who for ten years had governed the kingdom in a right kingly way, and made it stronger and more respected by all foreign powers than it had been since the days of Henry V. and Agincourt; the man who had subverted the subverters of the monarchy, and had yet annihilated monarchy

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