distances from the sun; their approximate mean diameters; the inclinations of their axes and orbits to the ecliptic, or path in the heavens in which the sun and planets move; their periodic times, or times of a complete revolution round the sun, as far as they are known; and the axial time of rotation occupied by each planet. Further particulars respecting the planets and their satellites we must reserve for our Lessons on Astronomy, otherwise we shall lose sight of those on Geography. We may remind our readers that the actual existence of Vulcan has not been confirmed, that is to say, it has not been noticed by any astronomer since its alleged discovery by Lescarbault. For this reason a note of interrogation has been appended to its name, etc., in the subjoined table, in which we have arranged the planets in the order of their distances from the sun :TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM. In the preceding table it will be observed that the new planets are found in the space intermediate between Mars and Jupiter. These planets were discovered in this space because they were sought for; and the origin of their search is curious. Kepler had discovered that the distance between Mars and Jupiter was anomalous as compared with the distances between the other planets, that it was greater in proportion to their distances from the sun, and he strove by some analogies of Nature to find out the reason, but failed. Titius, a professor of Wittenberg, in Saxony, endeavoured to discover the law of progression in the distances of the planets, and to a great extent succeeded. This discovery was published by Bode, in 1772, in the Connaissance du Ciel Etoilé; and hence it is usually called Bode's law. It is the following:-Calling the earth's distance from the sun 10, it was found that the distances of the other planets with that of the earth were very near to one another in the proportion of the following numbers : An inspection of the foregoing series will show that between 16 and 52 there should be another number, 4 + 3 × 2 × 2 × 2, or 28, to make its progression regular and complete, and this encouraged the belief, originated by Kepler, that there was a planet revolving in an orbit between those of Mars and Jupiter that had not yet been discovered. That there were good grounds for entertaining this idea was further shown by the discovery of Uranus, when it was found that its distance from the sun represented by 191-93, supposing the earth's distance be 10, agreed closely with the distance at which it should be according to Bode's law, namely, 4+3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2, or 4 + 3 × 64 = 196. Astronomers in all parts of Europe anxiously searched the field of the heavens for the planet that was supposed to be whirling through illimitable space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and the supposition was shown at last to be true by the discovery of Ceres, the first of the long list of minor planets, by the forate Italian Piazzi. RECREATIVE of a NATURAL HISTORY. THE BUTTERFLY. "WILL he catch it? Does that thoughtless little imp know what a creature of beauty he is trying to crush? Well done, bright fairy of the spring! that last wave of thy sun-tinted wings has carried thee over that blooming hedge now far away from the baffled, puffing, red-cheeked schoolboy." Such were our reflec tions as we once watched" my noble English boy" in hot pursuit Swallow-tail" (Papilio* Machaon) butterfly. (See illustration, page 48.) Kill, kill," were the words written on young Hodge's face as with determination, worthy of a Briton, he chased the winged type of beauty. At first it seemed two to one in favour of the boy; nearer and nearer he came, up went his cap full at the "Swallow-tail." It was so well aimed, that the insulted butterfly indignantly swept into a neighbouring field, leaving the young hunter in a rage at the useless expenditure of so much toil. To make his defeat more ignominious, the cap had stuck in a thorn bush, from which the little biped did not recover it without sundry pricks and provoking scratches. We rejoiced in the escape of the insect, knowing well that its hunter did not wish to examine the wonders of that tiny "thing of life," but to gratify his bump of destructiveness. Now we are not going to write the history and adventures of that particular butterfly; we are not certain that we ever saw this particular insect again, but wish to make a few remarks on his relations and friends. In summer they are glancing hither and thither over meads and gardens, and we cannot let such beauties pass unnoticed. It seems almost an insult to call such a brightly-robed creature an insect, but we must not flatter the proudest butterfly, merely because he wears a fine coat. How vast seems the difference between the abhorred cockroach and the splendid peacock butterfly! yet the latter cannot deny his distant relationship to that creeping thing, hated by all housemaids: both are insects. A long Greek name separates the princes of the insect world from the less honoured orders. Lepidoptera (a term meaning scalewinged) is the title of nobility applied by the great Swedish historian of the animal kingdom, Linnæus, to the butterflies and moths. We must pass over the latter for the present, and confine our attention to their less numerous but more admired relations. which has a taste far too refined for butter. The name was, it The term "butterfly" seems to be unsuitable for an insect is thought, given to the insect by our Saxon ancestors, because it appeared in the butter-making season. Be it so; many a finer name has had a lower origin. Has the butterfly a memory? If which it has passed? Perhaps not; but we must not forget the so, does the insect recollect the two previous states through former condition of our brilliant white admiral, or swallow-tail. First a caterpillar; then cramped in bands and folds, which we call a chrysalis; and, lastly, a winged fairy of the air. Catch that large White Cabbage," lady butterfly (Pontia Brassior), and ask her a few questions about "auld lang syne," just to illustrate what are called metamorphoses. On the 1st of May last year-we like to be particular in dates her grandmother was a bandaged chrysalis, and about the end of the month became a butterfly. Her elegantly-shaped eggs were carefully laid on the under side of nicely-selected cabbage leaves, without permission of the gardener. Mighty was his rage when, in a few days, his choicest cabbages were sawn into the most intricate patterns by a thriving family of ravenous caterpillars. To kill them all was out of the ques tion. Napoleon's artillery might have failed to accomplish that. Many did perish; the sparrows especially delighted in such delicious morsels. One, however, escaped, in consequence of her exceeding cleverness in feeding on leaves concealed from the birds' eyes. Having formed a chrysalis, she secured the cradlelike bit of work to a sunny wall by a strong but elegant silken band. From this came a butterfly about August, the mother of the one which is supposed to have been just caught by the reader. From her eggs sprang another succession of caterpillars, which changed Now mark what followed to chrysalides in September last. *The term Papilio is applied to a large butterfly family; Macheon is the name of a famous physician present at the siege of Troy, and desig nates this particular species. No butterflies came from these chrysalis forms as usual. They must have died of starvation, as winter yields but little indeed of the delicate food required by them. This second series of chrysalides were therefore commissioned to keep the undeveloped insects safely wrapped within their folds through the cold and storms of the winter. In the May of this year, each little cradle gives up its brilliant child to sport with the perfumed zephyrs. Thus, in the course of a twelvemonth, the large white butterfly goes through a twofold round of most wonderful changes. A question here will naturally arise. How does the cabbage butterfly know that she must deposit her eggs on the cabbage? She does not feed on it, and can have no notion of the food which her brood of caterpillars will require. Here is another of the unanswerable questions which we are accustomed to hush by the reply, "Oh, it is all instinct." Are we one whit the wiser for such an answer? Well, what is to be said? Nothing; or a plain confession, "We don't know why the butterfly always selects the very plant which the caterpillars will need." Each butterfly may be said to have four epochs in its life-the egg state, the caterpillar, the chrysalis, and the fly. We have used the term chrysalis, what does it mean? Of course all readers know that it is the case or cradle in which the caterpillar takes the butterfly form. The word is derived from a Greek term, signifying golden, and was originally applied to the most richly-tinted envelopes of this insect. Sometimes the name aurelia (auriam, gold) is used to denote these bright forms. Chrysalis is properly applied to the butterflies only, the word pupa (a little thing) being the more correct designation for the third state of other insects. Linnæus saw some resemblance between the creature thus tightly packed up in its foldings, and babies bandaged up in close mummy-like wrappers. He therefore employed the term pupa to represent this stage of insect life. Let the reader by all means look for some chrysalides, and carefully examine them. He will sometimes see through the fine covering, the body, legs, and wings of the insect, most marvellously packed up in its case. The antennæ, or feelers, as they are wrongly called, are placed in a line with the legs. The long tongue, too, strange as it may sound, is placed straight between the legs; and the wings make a very small but very distinct package. The various parts of the butterfly may often be seen even in the interior of the caterpillar itself, which is thus but the living covering of the yet undeveloped purple emperor or peacock. touch. But what are these so-called feathers? They are really scales, laid upon the wings much in the manner of slates or tiles upon a roof. Get a microscope, and examine those of the "Peacock" or "Red Admiral." No unaided eye can discern the minute wonders. The brilliant, numerous, and diversified tints of the scales are beyond all verbal description and all artistic imitation. Few will talk of human skill in the combination of colours when those fairy-like tintings have once astonished the eye. Then consider the almost countless number of tinted scales on one wing. A mosaic picture has been exhibited, containing 870 distinct pieces in one inch of work. The delicacy of such mechanism might well excite admiration. What shall we say when we find more than 100,000 living pictures and richly-dyed scales on a square inch of a butterfly's wing? Let us now turn to the head of our butterfly. What do we see there? The two "feelers," or antenna, at once claim a notice. By the form of these the butterflies are readily distinguished from moths. Is the tip of the antennæ knobbed? then the insect is most likely a butterfly; if not, it is a moth. What is the use of these organs ? Here we ask a favour from our readers: will they oblige us by putting that question to the most eminent philosopher of their acquaintance? Should he be able to answer decisively, will readers further oblige by communicating the replies with the proofs? We regret to say that these antennæ are the teasers of naturalists. We know not what to make of them. Whether the provoking insect feels, sees, hears, or smells with them, no one knows. A pretty confession is this for men to make, who have weighed the earth, and tested the minerals in the sun. "How like a god is man,' says Shakespeare. It may be so; but we cannot forget that all our science is puzzled by the "feelers" of a butterfly. Some think the antennæ contain a sixth sense unknown to human beings; but this is only an attempt to escape from a puzzle by a guess. The experiment which suggested this notion was, perhaps, the following:-A female of one of the day moths, called the "Kentish Glory," which had been bred from the crysalis in a house, was enclosed in a box, and taken into a wood frequented by her species. The box being laid on the ground, in a short time a number of the male moths settled on it. Yet a person might have frequented that locality for days without seeing one of the insects. This experiment has been often made with success. By what sense did these moths discover the presence of the lady? Not by sight-she was hidden; not by hearing-she Has the reader ever seen a butterfly "coming out" into the uttered no cry. It is no marvel if some ascribe this strange world? Let him take the first opportunity, then, of witnessing power to a mysterious sense lodged in the antennæ. the operation. How is it effected? The cradle cracks, the one ask why the term antenna was applied to these organs? The wrappers are torn, and the fly extricates itself, standing like a word denoted among the ancients the yard or mast of a ship, thing most forlorn. No mother is near to "introduce" the and was subsequently given to these "feelers" from a fancied stranger; not a single friend to give help-the young butterfly resemblance to the projecting spars of a vessel. We have not is indeed coldly received by the world. Her very wings are done with the head of the butterfly yet. Look next at the eyes. pany things, and her limbs look as if rheumatic. But she has Of course every one, in the year 1868, knows that the eyes a cheerful heart, soon gets over her first amazement, and one of of all insects are compound; in other words, that what seems her earliest operations is to attend to her beauty. Suppose one eye only consists of many thousands. The reader would be the wings should not open "nicely;" what if there should be a puzzled to count these butterfly eyes, even by the aid of a powercrease in that important part of her wardrobe! her life would ful microscope. But the calculation has been made by men who be wretched then; the gentlemen would not look at her, and have devoted years to the study of insect structure. The eye of no female of her race would condescend to sip from the same a butterfly contains, in reality, about 17,000 eyelets, giving to flower. In about an hour, however, all is generally right; the our gaudy insect 34,000 in all. Each little eye is a perfect gorgeous wings become fully expanded by the sun's heat, and organ in itself, six-sided, or hexagonal, in shape, so that the the beauty sails exulting in the full luxury of life. whole collection resembles the cells in a honey-comb-17,000 eyes Have our friends ever seen a butterfly in the winter? The all arranged in that small space! Yes, it is so. Some speculative very question may seem absurd. How can the symbol of flowery readers may inquire why this creature has been endowed with summer live amid the snows of December? The surprise is eyelets in thousands. We must beg to be excused from answernatural; but some butterflies do live through the season of frosting so profound a question. Of course no one will suppose that and tempest; in other words, they hybernate; sleep comes on them in some sheltered nook as winter approaches, and lasts, with a few breaks, till the return of spring. Sometimes a mild day, even in January, will rouse the sleepers, and they come out for a short airing, to the astonishment of the schoolboy or the young lady out for a walk. One of these hybernators is the brimstone butterfly, common in parts of Devonshire, Suffolk, and Essex. The small tortoiseshell butterfly is another species, sometimes seen on warm days in winter sailing merrily along under the shelter of some friendly hedge. Now let us pause a minute to examine the wings of our butterTouch them not; the friction of the softest finger will act like a rough file on the richly-tinted mosaic work of those wings. We all know how "the feathers" are rubbed off by the slightest Does any when a butterfly looks on a female of his species he sees 34,000 fluttering beauties before him. As the two human eyes do not double objects, so the numerous lenses of the "Purple Emperor" may combine to form but one image. But some of these insects have also two simple eyes on the top of the head, so that we must confess ourselves to be altogether inferior in the matter of eyes to the "Swallow-tail" or the "Peacock." We must now take a look, with his permission, at the butterfly's mouth. The insect luxuriates in such refined food that teeth are needless, and strong jaws not wanted. What does the observer see in the month? He finds a long tube, like a trunk, and also notes that the organ can be folded up, like a watchspring, out of harm's way, when the animal is not making its breakfast on the delicious nectar of a summer flower. A cl its own sur goon in so dangerous a crisis P "Doth God care for oxen?" is a question put in an ancient book. It is also clear that the wants of a butterfly have been wonderfully cared for by the Creator. A whole paper might be filled with the description of the sucker or trunk of the butterfly. We can only state here that it seems to be formed of a countles8 number of fine elastic rings, moved by a multitude of muscles. Some naturalists have supposed the muscles in this small and delicate organ to exceed in number those in the elephant's trunk: these are es tamated at 70,000. Space does not admit of our say ing more about the marvels to 1 be seen on the head of a butterfly. we allude rather to the whole nervous mass than to one organ, like that found in the larger animals. The brains of insects may in truth be called many. If we insist upon finding one brain, the first knot, or ganglion as it is called, in the spinal marrow, may be so regarded. The same remark must be made respecting the heart, which is not one organ, but consists of numerous circulating vessels. A butterfly may be as truly said to have many hearts as one. The nine air-holes on each side, eighteen in all, may be regarded as so many nostrils by which the air enters. Naturalists call them spiracles. How many species of these insects are found in Britain? SWALLOW TALL BUTTERFLY (PAPILIO MACHAON). 2 FIDONIA PLUMISTARIA & MARBLED WHITE BUTTERFLY (PAPILIO GALATEEA). 4. EGGS OF BUTTERFLIES. 5. CATERPILLAR & CHRYSALIS. 7. SCALES OF BUTTERFLIES' WINGS, We have but a few lines to remark that the nerves and digestive system of the butterfly have been closely examined by naturalists, and would require a volume to describe them fully "As giddy as a butterfly" is a remark applied to some pretty bipeds; but the insect's so-called giddiness is really its work, by which it gets its living, speeding from flower to flower for food. A Purple Emperor's brain may be as much taxed by these labours as that of the said biped's, by reading three sets of nereis in one week. The nervous system of the butterfly is year the stomach, so that "weak nerves must tell upon the d.gestion of a Blue Argas or "White Admiral" It will easy be imagined that the nerves connected with the complex ere and wonderful trank of a butterfy must form an elaborate microscopical system. When speaking of a battery's brain. About 70; but some are only met with in limited districts, and few persons have seen them all in their native haunts. The total number of known species is about 3,000. Readers who wish to make a collection should endea vour to obtain the caterpillar, chrysalis, and butterfly of each species; they will then possess a specimen of each form of life through which the insect passes. No one will, of course, run a pin through a butterfly to secure it, be fore either Poets, philosophers, and theologians have used the butterfly to illustrate their sentiments. The ancients regarded the bright ethereal creature as a symbol of the human soul, searching after a higher home and a more perfect life. A noble being. called Psyche (the soil was described as falling in love with visible beauty, then losing through her folly the bright posses sion, and after a sorrowful search, finding again the long-lost and glorious prize. This Psyche was represented under the form of a battery, and such marbles may be seen in the Townley Collection in the British Museum We a? know that Christians have long deemed the uprising of so bright a form, from the chrysalis-like grave, as a type of the resurrection. Thus, even a battery, sculptured on a tomb, may suggest a volume of rich and ennobing thinghite LESSONS IN GEOMETRY.-XV. PROBLEM XXXV.-To find the centre of any given circle, or of any given arc of a circle. Let A B C (Fig. 53) be the given circle of which it is required to find the centre. First, draw any straight line, A B, dividing the circle into two unequal segments. Bisect A B in D, and through the point D draw the straight line E c at right angles to AB. Bisect E C in F. The point F is the centre of the circle ABC. M E There are other methods by which the centre of the circle ABC may be found, although the one that has just been described is perhaps the most simple. For instance, we might have drawn the straight lines G H, KL as tangents to the circle A B C, through the points A and B, and at R/H the points of contact, A and B, drawn the straight lines AN, BO, at right angles to the straight lines G H, KL, and intersecting each other in the point F; from which we learn that if any two points be taken in the circumference of a circle, which are not the opposite extremities of a diameter of that circle, and tangents to the circle be drawn through K these points, the straight lines drawn at right angles to the tangents through the points of contact shall intersect each other, if produced far enough, in the centre of the circle. D Fig. 53. IN B This method is useful when we wish to find the centre from which an arc or part of the circumference of a circle of very great extent has been described. The following is a third method of finding the centre of a given circle or the given arc of any circle. Let us suppose, as before, that A B C in Fig. 53 represents the given circle. Set off along any part of the circumference three equal arcs, B E, EA, and AP. Then from the points P and E as centres, with any radius greater than the radius of the given circle, describe two arcs intersecting each other in the point N; and from the points A and B as centres, with any radius greater than the radius of the given circle, describe two arcs intersecting each other in the point Q. Join AN, EQ. The point F in which these lines intersect each other is the centre of the circle ABC. D Ө Draw intersect CD in F. The point F is the centre from which the arc A CB has been described. Now let A E B in Fig. 53 be the arc of which it is required to find the centre. Join AB as before; bisect A B in D. D E perpendicular to A B, and join A E. Produce E D indefinitely towards c, and at the point A in the straight line E A, make the angle EA F equal to the angle A E F, producing the leg A F of the angle E AF, if necessary, far enough to intersect ED produced in the point F. This point, as before, is the centre from which the arc A E B has been described. In the first of these two cases it will be noticed that the arc of which the centre is required is greater than half the circumference of the circle of which it is an arc, but in the second it is less than half the circumference. If the arc were half the circumference, it is plain that to find its centre all we have to do is to join its extremities, and bisect the chord that joins them. On further inspection of Fig. 53 it will be noticed that the straight lines GH, KL, which were drawn as tangents to the circle A B C through the points A and B, have their points of intersection м in the straight line CR obtained by producing CE in an upward direction; and the angle A M C is equal to the angle B M C. This leads to another mode of finding the centre of the circle A B C, which is as follows: Through any two points, A and B, in the circumference of the given circle A B C, draw the tangents & H, K L, intersecting each other in the point M. Bisect the angle A M B by the straight line M E, and produce it to cut the circumference of the circle in c. Bisect C E in F. The point F, as before, is the centre of the circle A B C. PROBLEM XXXVI.-To describe a circle through any three given points which are not in the same straight line. K H Let A, B, C (Fig.55), be the three given points through which it is required to describe a circle, or rather the circumference of a circle. Join a B, A C, and bisect these straight lines respectively in the points D and E. Through D draw the straight line D F of indefinite length, perpendicular to A B, and through E draw the straight line B E G, also of an indefinite length, perpendicular to A C. The point of intersection, H, of the straight lines D F, E G, is the centre from which a circle may be described with a radius, HA, that shall pass through the other two given points, A, B, and c. The same result would be obtained by joining the straight lines A B, B C, or A C, C B, bisecting them, and drawing perpendiculars through the points of bisection as shown in the figure. G Fig. 55. PROBLEM XXXVII.-To draw a tangent to a given cirele through any given point either in the circumference of the circle or without it. Our figures, as we have said before, sometimes appear complicated from the necessity that there is of saving as much space as we can by making one diagram serve as an illustration either to many methods of doing the 8 same thing, or to sequences that may arise out of the consideration of the problem in question. Our readers are therefore in all cases when it is necessary recommended to study our problems with a piece of paper, a pair of compasses, and a parallel ruler at hand, that they may construct for themselves just so much of our diagram as is necessary for an illustration of the process in course of description, disentangling it as it were from the figure that we have given as a means of explaining our directions. As an example of this, we give in Fig. 54, on a reduced S scale, just so much as is absolutely necessary of Fig. 53 to enable a reader to understand the first method that we have given of finding the centre of any given circle. Fig. 54. Some of the methods that have been described for finding the centre of a given circle apply equally well, as it may have been seen, to finding the centre from which any given arc of a circle has been described; but there is another method of finding the centre of any given arc that we will now proceed to bring under the reader's notice. First, let a C B in Fig. 53 be the arc of which it is required to find the centre. Join A B; bisect A B in D; draw DC at right angles to A B, and join A c. Then at the point A in the straight line CA make the angle CAF equal to the angle AC F, and produce the leg A F of the angle c A F, if necessary, far enough to VOL. II. 0 The case in which the given point is in the circumference of the circle needs no illustration and very little R explanation, for it is manifest that nothing more is required than to D draw a straight line joining the centre of the circle and the given point, and then through the given point to draw a straight line at right angles to the radius of the circle thus obtained. The straight line drawn through the given point at right angles to the radius will be a tangent to the given circle. K Fig. 56. In the case in which the given point lies without the circumference of the circle, let A B C (Fig. 56) represent the given circle, and D the given point without it. Find E, the centre of tho circle A B C, and join D E. Bisect DE in F, and from the point F as centre, at the distance FE or FD as radius, describe the circle DGH, cutting the circumference of the circle A B C in the points G, H. Join D, DH, and produce them indefinitely towards K and L respectively. The straight lines D K, DL are 30 mysteries of dev tion; let me forget the world, and by the world be forgotten, till the moment arrives in which the veil of eternity shall fall, and I shall be found at the bar of the Almighty. Belgion will grow up with you in youth, and grow old with you in age; it will attend you, with peculiar pleasure, to the hovels of the por, or the chamber of the sick; it will retire with you to your ci set, and watch by your bed, or walk with you, in gladsome union, to the house of Gd; it will follow you beyond the confines of the wind, and dwell with you for ever in heaven, as its native residence. 2. Emphatic series." Assemble in your parishes, villages, and hamlets. Resolve, petitin, address. This monument will speak of patriotism and courage; of civil and religious Liberty; of free government; of the moral improvement and elevation of mankind; and of the immortal memory of those who, with heroic devotion, have sacrificed their lives for their country. We also leam from this problem how, with a given radina, to draw a circle tonehing two given straight lines. In Fig. 56, let LY, KN represent the two given straight line, and x the given radins of the circle that is required to be drawn, touching t given straight lines L M. KN. If necessary, produce the straight lines LM, KN in the direction of M azi N, and let tm meet in D. Bisect the angle L D K by the straight line ani at any point, P, in the straight line D K draw PQ Irpendicular to DK. an equal to the given ralis x. Then through the point o draw the straight Es of indefinite lehrer, wives and mothers nowhere trùer, maidens nowhere lovelier, parallel to DK, and intersecting the straight line DO in the point E. From the point E as centre, with a radins equal to the given radius x, describe the circle AHG. This circle touches the given straight lines L M, K N, in the points H and G. READING AND ELOCUTION.—XV. ANALYSIS OF THE VOICE continue?). [NOTE.-Those examples, in this and a former lesson, in which the accents are purposely omitted, are intended as exercises for, the student.] EXERCISES ON INFLECTIONS. Simple Concluding Series. It is a subject interesting alike to the ld and to the young. Nature, by the very disposition of her elements, has commanded, as it were, and imposed upon men, at moderate interva's, a general intermission of their toils, their occupations, an 1 their pursuits. The influence of true religion is mild, and soft, and noiseless, and cnstant, as the descent of the evening dew on the ten ler herbage, Lourishing and refreshing all the athiable and social virtues; but enthusiasm is violent, sudden, rattling as a summer shower, rooting up the fairest fwers, and washing away the richest mould, in the pleasant garden of society. Then it would be seen that they had gained by their scepticism no new pleasures, no tranquillity of min 1, no peace of conscience during Life, and no consolation in the hour of death. Well-doing is the cause of a just sense of elevation of character; it clears an 1 strengthens the spirits; it gives higher riches of thought; it will as our ben volence, and makes the current of our peculiar affections swift and deep. A distant sail, gliding along the edge of the ocean, was sometimes a theme of speculation. How interesting this fragment of a world, Listening to rejoin the great mass of existence! What a glorious monument of human invention, that has thus triumphed over wind and wive; has brought the ends of the earth in communion; has cat-led an interchange of blessings, pouring into the sterile regions of the Lirth all the luxuries of the south; diffused the light of know11, and the charities of cultivated life; and his thus boun 1 together thes scattered portions of the human race, between which nature sects to have thrown an insurmountable barrier! I have roamed through the world, to find hearts nowhere warmer than those of New England, soldiers nowhere braver, patriots nowhere green valleys and bright rivers nowhere greener or brighter; and I will not be silent, when I hear her patriotism or her truth questioned with so much as a whisper of detraction. What is the most odious species of tyranny? That a handful of mn, free them.selves, should execute the most base and abominable despotism over millions of their fellow-creatures; that innocence shall be the victim of oppression; that industry should toil for rapine; that the harmless labourer should sweat, not for his own benent, but for the luxury and rapacity of tyrannic depredation ;-in a wird, that thirty millions of men, gifted by Providence with the ordinary endowments of humanity, should groan under a system of des; otism, unmatched in all the histories of the world. 3. "Poetic series." He looks in boundless majesty abroad, And sheds the shining day, that burnished plays Round thy beaming car, I am charged with pride and ambition. The charge is true, and I the East. Let But why pause here? Is so much ambition praiseworthy, and more criminal? Is it fixed in nature that the limits of this empire should be Egypt on the one hand, the Hellespont and the Euxine on the other? Were not Suez and Armenia more natural limits? Or hath empire no natural limit, but is broad as the genius that can devise, and the power that can win? Rome has the West. Palmyra possess the East. Not that nature subscribes this and no The gods prospering, and I swear not that the Mediterranean shall hem me in upon the west, or Persia on the east. Longinus is right: I would that the world were mine. I feel, within, the will and the power to bless it, were it so. more. Are not my people happy ? I look upon the past and the present up on my nearer and remoter subjects, and ask nor fear the answer. Whom have I wronged ?-what province have I oppressed ?-what city |