Practical Exercise in Composing. Write a composition from the following outlines: OUR THREE GREATEST AMERICAN INVENTIONS. 1. THE COTTON-GIN. (a.) Invented by Eli Whitney: state (if you can find out) when it was invented. (b.) Its utility for what it is used effect in increasing effect on the growth of the cultivation of cotton · slavery. 2. THE STEAMBOAT. (a.) Invented by Robert Fulton: do you know anything about him? Name of the first steamer made in this country, the Clermont; to what place did it run? When was the first trip made? (b.) What has grown out of this first experiment? Speak of the great number of large steamers now found on all the waters of the world. 3. THE TELEGRAPH. (a.) Invented by Professor Morse. Is he now alive? The first line was constructed between Baltimore and Washington. In what year was this? (b.) Progress of the telegraph-immense number of lines now constructed Atlantic cable. mention in what countries (c.) Utility of the telegraph: its effect on every-day life on business on our knowledge of what is going on all over the world. Exchange papers, and correct with reference to 1. Spelling, capitals, and grammar. 2. The arrangement of the phrases in all the sentences. 3. The arrangement of the clauses in the complex sentences. CHAPTER III. THE COMPOUND SENTENCE. 1.-Nature of Compound Sentences. 45. A Compound Sentence consists of two or more separate statements that are joined together in such a way as to be of equal importance. 46. The joining together of the separate statements of a compound sentence is effected by means of conjunctions; and the nature of the connection depends on the kind of conjunction used. 47. There are three kinds of conjunctions 1. Conjunctions of the And-type. 2. Conjunctions of the But-type. ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. "The rains descended and the floods came." (Two statements joined into a compound sentence by and.) 2. "The commander was unwilling to surrender; but the garrison compelled him to do so." (Two statements connected into a compound sentence by but.) 3. "Pittsburgh is in the centre of a rich coal region; hence it is a great manufacturing city." (Two statements joined into a compound sentence by hence.) 48. It often happens that the connective is omitted. ILLUSTRATIONS. "The queen of the spring, as she passed down the vale, Left her robe on the trees, (and) her breath on the gale." "The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones." (The connective but is understood between the two statements.) 49. In the following table will be found t cipal connectives arranged under the three cl 50. In a compound sentence, where the re the members is copulative (i. e. of the kind e by and), the conjunction is often merged in a pronoun or adverb; as, 1. "He gave it to P (= and he) immediately handed it to John. hope to meet you to-morrow, when (= and can arrange the matter." The relative ad used are principally when, where, while, wher * As the relative pronouns and adverbs generally subordinate propositions (clauses), a compound sentence ture must not be confounded with a complex sentence. 51. Sentences whose statements are joined nectives of the AND-type are called copul tences; those whose statements are joined b tives of the BUT-type are called antithetical s and those whose statements are joined by co of the HENCE-type are called illative sentenc EXERCISE 8. A. Add to each of the following statements and ment, so as to make a COPULATIVE COMPO TENCE: EXAMPLE. In spring the f In spring the farmer plows, and ...... and in autumn he reaps. 1. In spring the farmer plows, and In winter the days are short, and 3. Salt is procured from salt-mines; it is also 4. Washington was a great soldier, 5. In various countries, different animals are used for beasts of burden; we use the horse, and ........ B. Add to each of the following statements another statement, so as to make an ANTITHETICAL COMPOUND SEN 1. Many persons tried to discourage Columbus, but ......... 4. It must be so: Plato, thou reasonest well; else 5. Napoleon was the greatest conqueror that ever lived; nevertheless ......... 6. Although sugar is made chiefly from the sugar-cane, C. Add to each of the following statements another statement, so as to make an ILLATIVE COMPOUND SENTENCE: EXAMPLE. The shadow of the earth on the moon's disk is always round; hence this is a proof of the earth's rotundity. 1. The shadow of the earth on the moon's disk is always round; hence 2. The boy studied diligently, and therefore 3. The British Government unjustly taxed the American colonies, and consequently 4. He lived extravagantly; therefore 5. Arnold had never firmness to resist the slightest temptation; so that ......... 2. Contracted Compound Sentences. 52. The members of a compound sentence may have a common part in either the subject or the predicate; in which case the sentence is said to be contracted. EXAMPLE 1. Contraction in the Subject. a. The birds saw the little pool, and the birds ca drink. The birds saw the little pool, and came there t b. The reasonable expectations of himself, and the expectations of his friends, were disappointed The reasonable expectations of himself and of were disappointed. EXAMPLE 2. Contraction in the Predicate. a. Birds of the air find shelter in the shadow spreading branches, and beasts of the forest in the shadow, etc. Birds of the air and beasts of the forest find sh shadow of its wide-spreading branches. b. Cold produces ice, and heat dissolves ice. Cold produces and heat dissolves ice. [Object c. The authorities have spoken with discretion, thorities have acted with discretion. [Qualif contracted.] EXERCISE 9. Contract the following COMPOUND SENTE state the nature of the contraction: 1. The jackal happened to be at a short distan jackal was instantly dispatched on this important 2. The rice-plant grows in great abundance in rice-plant grows in great abundance in Japan; th grows in great abundance in India. 3. The east coast of Australia is rugged, and th of Australia is deeply indented. 4. Julius Cæsar wrote with great vigor; Julius C with the same vigor. 5. Light is a necessity of life, and air is a necessi 3. Punctuation of Compound Sente 53. The following are the principal rules tuating compound sentences: |