"Henry the Lion is my name :

Through all the earth I spread my fame,

For, from the Elbe, unto the Rhine,

From Hartz, unto the sea,-ALL'S MINE.

"In other words, his possessions filled a considerable portion of the territory between the Rhine, the Baltic, the Elbe, and the Tyber.

Unfortunately for him, in the quarrels between the Pope and the Emperor Barbarossa, he sided with the former. The emperor confis cated his possessions, but returned him his allodial estates in Brunswick, Hanover, and Lunenburgh; he died in 1195. By his first wife he had no issue male his second wife was Maud, the daughter of Henry the Second, king of England. By her he had several sons, all of whom died except William, called of Winchester from his being born in that city. William of Winchester had issue Otho, called Puer, or the boy.

"At the decease of Otho Puer, the partition of this illustrious house commences. The subject of these sheets leads only to the Lunenburgh branches of the Guelphic shoot of the Estesine line.

"On the death of Otho the boy, Brunswick and Lunenburgh, the only remains of the splendid possessions of his grandfather, William the Proud, were divided between his two sons, John and Albert: Lunenburgh was assigned to the former, Brunswick to the latter. Thus the former became the patriarch of, what is called, the Old House of Lunenburgh. Otho his son received Hanover as a fief from William Sigefred, the Bishop of Hildesheim. Otho had four sons; Otho his first son succeeded him, and dying without issue was succeeded by his brother William with the large feet. He died in 1369, without issue male: the two other sons of Otho the father also died without male issue.

"Thus there was a general failure of issue male of John, the patriarch of the old house of Lunenburgh. By the influence of the Emperor Charles the Fourth, Otho, elector of Saxony, who had married Elizabeth, the daughter of William, succeeded to the duchy. He died without issue, and left it, by his will, to his uncle Winceslaus, elector of Saxony. It was contested with him by Torquatus Magnus, duke of Saxony; the contest ended in a compromise; under which Bernard, the eldest son of Torquatus Magnus, obtained it, and became the patriarch of the Middle House of Lunenburgh; he died in 1434. After several descents,

F F 2

descents, it vested in Ernest of Zell, who introduced the Lutheran religion into his states.

"After his decease, his sons Henry and William for some time reigned conjointly; but William persuaded his brother to content himself with the country of Danneburgh; while he himself reigned over all the rest, and thus became the patriarch of the new House of Brunswick-Lunenburgh.

"He left seven sons; they agreed to cast lots which should marry, and to reign according to their seniority. The lot fell to George, the sixth of the sons. Frederick was the survivor of them.

"On his decease, the duchy descended to Ernest Augustus, the son of George, with whom the Electoral House of Lunenburgh commences. His reign is remarkable for two circumstances: his advancement to the electoral dignity, and his wife Sophia's being assigned, by an act of the British parliament, to be the royal stem of the Protestant succession to the throne of Great Britain and Ireland.

"On the demise of Queen Ann, George his son, in virtue of this act of parliament, succeeded to the British monarchy.

"The house of Brunswick-Lunenburgh is now divided into branches, the German and the English. The former, under the title of BrunswickLunenburgh and Wolfenbuttel, possesses the duchies of Brunswick and Wolfenbuttel, and the countries of Blackenburgh and Reinskin, and reckons 160,000 subjects. The English, under the title of BrunswickLunenburgh and Hanover, possesses, with the electoral dignity, the electorate of Hanover, the duchies of Lunenburgh, Zell, Calemberg, Grubenhagen, Deepholt, Bentheim, Lawenburgh, Bremen, and Verdun, and counts 740,000 subjects."

DIGRES

FULK-from whom the Dukes of MODENA descended.

[To face p. 220, vol. iii. 4to.

THE memory of Cæsar, celebrated as it is, has not been transmitted down to posterity with such uniform and increasing applause as that of his PATRIOT ASSASSIN. Marc Antony acknowledged the rectitude of his intentions. Augustus refused to violate his statues.* All the great writers of the succeeding age enlarged on his praises,† and more than two hundred years after the establishment of the imperial government, the character of Brutus was studied as the perfect idea of Roman virtue.‡ In England as in France, in modern Italy as in ancient Rome, his name has always been mentioned with respect by the adherents of monarchy,§ and pronounced with enthusiasm by the friends of freedom. It may seem rash and invidious to appeal from the sentence of ages; yet surely I may be permitted to inquire in what consisted the DIVINE VIRTUE OF BRUTUS?

The few patriots who, by a bold and well-concerted enterprize, have delivered their country from foreign or domestic slavery, Timoleon and the elder Brutus, Andrew Doria and Gustavus Vasa, the three peasants of Switzerland,|| and the four princes of Orange, excite the warmest sensations of esteem and gratitude in those breasts which feel for the interests of mankind. But the design of the younger Brutus was vast and perhaps impracticable, the execution feeble and unfortunate. Neither

* Plutarch. in Antonio, p. 925, in Brut.'p. 1011. Among these were the statues, which the Athenians had erected to Brutus and Cassius, by the side of their own deliverers, Harmodius and Aristogiton.

↑ Under the jealous tyranny of Tiberius, Cremutius Cordus was arraigned before the senate for the encomiums which he bestowed in his history on Brutus and Cassius. He justified himself by the toleration of Augustus and the example of Asinius Pollio, Messala and Livy: nor was it within the tyrant's power to suppress his writings, or the general sense of mankind. Tacit. Annal. iv. 34, 35.

M. Antonin. de Rebus suis, 1. i.

Velleius Paterculus, an elegant writer, but servilely devoted to the imperial family, and most probably one of the judges who condemned Cremutius, can only say of Brutus, Corrupto animo ejus in diem quæ illi omnes virtutes unius facti temeritate abstulit. ii. 72.

Who in the year 1308 delivered their country from the Austrian yoke. See Simlerus de Republica Helvetica; Guillimannus de Rebus Helveticis, and the great Chronicle of Tschudi.

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