Cassell's History of the United States

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Position of the English Army before Quebec-Surrender of the City-Danger of an Attack from the French-Action with De

Levi in Front of the Walls-Defeat of the English, and Investment of the City by the French-Raising of the Siege on

the Approach of an English_Squadron-Concentration of French Forces at Montreal-Amherst's Plans for the Conquest

of Canada-Capture of Isle Royale Junction of Three English Armies before Montreal-Capitulation of the City, and

entire Subversion of Canada-Decline of French Power-Outbreak of the Cherokees on the Borders of Virginia and the

Two Carolinas-Collision with the Savages-Siege of Fort Loudoun by the Cherokees-Reduction of the Rebellious

Indians to Submission-Governor Pownall and Governor Bernard, of Massachusetts-Ill-judged Message to the Assembly

-Death of George II., and Accession of George III.-Character of the latter Monarch-Early Events of the New Reign,

and Evil Prognostics for America

PAGE

CHAPTER II.

Designs of the Favourite, Lord Bute-Secret Opposition to Pitt-Bute made Secretary for the Northern Department-The

General Election of 1761-Intrigues for Peace-Negotiations opened with France-Reduction of Belle-Isle by the English-

Imperious Policy of Pitt-Progress of the Negotiations-The "Family Compact" between the French and Spanish

Bourbons-Pitt outvoted at the Council-His subsequent Resignation-Efforts of the Americans-Declaration of War

against Spain-Military Aid rendered by the Colonists-Conquest of the French West India Islands, and of Havannah-

Resignation of the Duke of Newcastle-Premiership of Lord Bute-Conclusion of a Treaty of Peace at Paris (1763)-Terms

of the Treaty-Various Opinions as to the Peace-The Floridas and their Previous Annals-Close of the First Epoch of

American History

CHAPTER III.

England left Mistress of America by the Peace of 1763-Designs to alter the Government of the American Colonies-Official

School of Politicians-Character of George Grenville-The Bute Ministry--Grenville, Egremont, Halifax, and Charles

Townshend-Lord North's Rise in the Crown Service-Erroneous Notions of Colonial Policy-Constitution and Powers of

the Board of Trade-Functions of the Secretary of State-Persistent Intrigues of the Board, from 1748, to subvert Colonial

Liberties-Description of the Colonial Governments-Public Opinion in the Colonies-Efforts and Sacrifices during the

French War-Existing Grievances in America-The Admiralty Courts and the Collection of Revenue-The_Prohibition of

Trade with Foreigners-Customs' Duties for the Regulation of Commerce-Difficulty of Enforcing these Laws-Writs of

Assistance-James Otis before the Superior Judicial Court at Boston-Governor Bernard and the Massachusetts Assembly

-Appointment of Judges during the King's Pleasure-The Indians of the Western Territory annexed in 1763-Weakness

of British Posts on the Ohio and the Lakes-Pontiac, Chief of the Ottawas-The Indian War-Siege of Detroit and of

Fort Pitt-Demarcation of Canada, reserving the Lakes and the Mississippi Valley

CHAPTER IV.

Financial Schemes of the Grenville Ministry-Military Establishment in America-Customs' Duties for Revenue-Lord Shelburne

evades giving his Opinion-Grenville and his Colleagues-His Resolutions for taxing America, proposed in March, 1764

-The Project of Stamp Duties-Difference between Internal and External Taxes-Advice of Colonists in London-Com-

pensating Boons to America-The King's Speech in closing the Session-State of Affairs in America-New Hampshire

Boundary Question-Public Opinion in the Colonial Provinces-Admiralty Courts Jurisdiction-Restriction of the

Colonial Paper Currency-Drain of Specie by Taxation, and Monetary Derangement by Stoppage of Contraband Trade

-Popular Barristers: James Otis, Morin Scott, and Patrick Henry-Reception of Grenville's Measures in America-

Boston Town Meeting-Samuel Adams-The Massachusetts Committee-Massachusetts House of Assembly-Excitement

in New York-The "Rights of the Colonists "-The Provincial Assemblies-Addresses to the Crown and to Parliament

-General Protest against Taxation by the British Parliament-Hutchinson's Remonstrance with the Ministry

CHAPTER V.

Further Projects of Taxation entertained by the Bedford-Grenville Ministry-Remonstrances of London Merchants, and of the

American Provincial Agents-Schemes of Bernard and Colden, at Boston and New York, to subvert Colonial Liberties-

Command of Military Forces in America-Billeting of Troops at the Charge of the Colonies-Grenville's Proposal of the

Stamp Act-Charles Townshend and Colonel Barré-Absence of Pitt-Exclusion of Petitions against the Stamp_Act-

Passing of the Act-Bribes and Bounties-Restraints on Trade and Industry in America-Slavery maintained as a British

Interest-Reception of the Stamp Act by the Colonists-Patrick Henry in Virginia-The Assembly of Massachusetts-

Provincial Corresponding Committees-South Carolina and New York-Invitation to a Congress of the Provinces-Ingersoll,

of Connecticut, at Boston-The Newly-appointed Stamp Distributors-Compulsory Resignations-Andrew Oliver, the

Boston Stamp-master-Riots at Boston-Riots in Rhode Island and in Maryland-Ingersoll waylaid in Connecticut-

Governor Bernard and the Massachusetts Assembly-The Congress at New York in October-Resolutions and Addresses

to Parliament-Governor Colden and the New Yorkers-Impossibility of executing the Stamp Act-Confirmation of Acts

of the Congress-Change of Government in England-The Rockingham Ministry

CHAPTER VI.

Parliamentary Session of 1766-Pitt's Denunciation of the Stamp Act-Concession by Ministers-Committee of Inquiry-

Ministerial proposals for Repeal of the Stamp Act-Declaratory Resolution asserting the Supreme Power of Parliament-

Debates on these Measures-Lord Camden and Lord Mansfield-Sullen Displeasure of the King-Changes in the Ministry

-Extraordinary Behaviour of Charles Townshend-Dissolution of the Rockingham Cabinet-The New Coalition-Townshend

as Chancellor of the Exchequer-Continued Disputes between the Crown and the Colonies-The Billeting Act-Compen

sation for Damage by the Stamp Act Riots-Suspension of the New York Legislature-Ex-Governor Pownall's Warning

-Harsh Feeling in England against the Colonists-Townshend's Measures of 1767-An American Board of Customs-New

Import Duties-Passive Resistance, and Non-importation of English Merchandise-Government of Lord North-

Hillsborough, Secretary of State for the Colonies-Proceedings of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1768-Circular inviting

the Co-operation of other Provincial Legislatures-The Customs' Officers and the Sloop Liberty at Boston-Troops ordered

from Halifax-Refusal of the Assembly to rescind its former Acts-Dissolution of the Assembly.

CHAPTER VII.

Excitement in Boston at the Report that Royal Troops were to be sent there-Republican Sentiments of Samuel Adams-

Meetings for the Redress of Grievances-Assembling of a Convention from Massachusetts Towns and Districts-Petitions

to the Governor and the King-Refusal to receive them-Alarm of Governor Bernard-Refusal of the Council to Billet the

Troops-Arrival of Two Regiments in Boston-Difficulties as to Quartering the Soldiers-Desertions from their Ranks-

Opinion in England-Determination to crush the Colonies-Views and Designs of France and Spain-The Colonial Agents

in London, and Lord Hillsborough-Proceedings in Parliament-Events on the Mississippi-Dissolution of the New York

Assembly, and New Elections-Representations of American Officials-Information against Samuel Adams-Debates in the

English House of Commons-Attitude of France and Spain

CHAPTER VIII.

Public Opinion in America-Progress of Republican Principles-French Influence-Fate of New Orleans when ceded to Spain-

The British Government in 1769-Lord North and King George-Policy of repeating Townshend's Revenue Acts of 1767

-State of Parties-The Opposition Cliques-The Independent Liberals-The Duke of Grafton and Lord Camden in the

Cabinet Growth of a Common Sentiment between the Colonies-Alternate Support of each other-Delaware and

Pennsylvania-New York Non-importation Agreement-Re-assembling of the Massachusetts Legislature-More Disputes

with Governor Bernard-The Troops at Boston-The Adjournment to Cambridge-Departure of Sir Francis Bernard-

Lieutenant-Governor Hutchinson-His Sons in the Tea Trade Quarrels with the Revenue Officers and Soldiers-

Fall of the Ministry in England, 1770-New Government of Lord North-Continued Troubles in Boston-The Hutchinsons'

Tea Store-Soldiers, Workmen, and Street Boys-Affray with the Military-The 5th of March-Firing on the People-

A Night of Alarm-Hutchinson in Council-Town Meeting-Demand for Removal of the Troops-Captain Preston

sent for Trial-Parliamentary Debates-Tea-duty the Symbol of Contention-Reopening of Trade with England-Royal

Orders in Council for the Coercion of Boston-Military and Naval Occupation of Boston-The Provincial Fortress, Castle

William, delivered up to Colonel Dalrymple-Constitution of the Provincial Council altered-Franklin sent to London

for Massachusetts -The Western Territories, Kentucky and Tennessee-Oppression in North Carolina The Regulators

-Herman Husbands-Riots at Hillsborough-Governor Tryon's Vengeance, 1771-His Expedition to Orange County-

A local Reign of Terror

PAGE

CHAPTER IX.

The True Object of the Ministerial Policy-The Struggle in America similar to that in England under Charles I.-Claim of the

Civil Servants in America to Exemption from Provincial Taxes-Refusal of the Governor to sanction the Massachusetts

Tax Bill-The Assembly threatened with the King's Displeasure-Arrival of the Fleet at Boston-Personal Intrigues of

Hutchinson-Samuel Adams, the Hampden of Massachusetts-Payment of Official Salaries by Order from the British

Government-Lieutenant Duddington and the Gaspé-Capture and Destruction of that Vessel-Special Commission at

Newport-Proposal to Deprive the Province of its Charter-Chief Justice Hopkins-Affairs in the South-The Slave

Trade forced on America by England-American Prohibitory Laws disallowed by George III.-Treatment of Virginia in this

Matter-Lord Dartmouth Secretary of State-Franklin Agent for Massachusetts in London-His Discovery of Hutchin-

son's and Oliver's Letters-Rejection of Complaint against Bernard-Commencement of a Revolutionary Movement in

Massachusetts-Samuel Adams, and his Project of Complete Independence-Organisation of Popular Forces-Boston

Town Meetings-Committee to redress the Wrongs of America-Governor Hutchinson's Political Pedantry-Massachusetts

supported by Virginia-Corresponding Provincial Committees-Address to the King for the Removal of Hutchinson-

Franklin before the Privy Council-Imposition of a Threepenny Tea-duty, and Repeal of other Revenue Acts-Resistance

of the Bostonians to the Tax on Tea-A Winter Evening's Work at the Wharf-Action of other Colonies in Opposition

to the English Policy

CHAPTER X.

News of the "Boston Tea Party" received in England-Storm of Indignation-Interview of General Gage with the King-

Exaggerated Popular Rumours-Tarring and Feathering-Measures of the Ministry-The Boston Port Bill-Refusal

to hear the Agent for Massachusetts, or to receive Petitions against the Bill-The Massachusetts Government Regulation

Bill-Abolition of the old Chartered Constitution-Third Government Measure, to remove the Trial of Soldiers and

others charged with Murders in America-Colonel Barre's Speech against it-Renewed Debates on the Massachusetts

Government Bill-Advice of Ex-Governors Pownall and Johnson-Rose Fuller's Motion, April 19th, to Repeal the Tea.

duty-Burke's great Speech on the Policy of the past Ten Years-Expectant Attitude of Boston-Return of Gage, as the

new Governor, and Departure of Hutchinson-Reception of the Boston Port Act-Temper of the Town-Encouragement

from Rhode Island, from New York and Philadelphia, from Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia, and the Carolinas-The

Conservatives of the Middle Provinces-The Virginians appoint a Day of Public Prayer-Germ of the American Union-

Blockade of Boston Harbour, June 1st-Distress of the Working-class Population-News of the Massachusetts Govern

ment Bill-Indecision of General Gage-Delay in executing the Government Measures-Committee of Correspondence at

Faneuil Hall-Solemn League and Covenant-Non-importation Agreement-Arrangements for a Continental Congress-

Town Meetings, June 17th-Troops and Artillery on Boston Common-The Castle Batteries and the Fleet-Mistakes of

Gage-Salem and Marblehead-Relief Committees for the distressed Boston Poor-George Washington in Virginia-Gifts

of Money and Food-The House of Representatives at Salem-Appointment of the September General Congress .

CHAPTER XI.

An ominous Lull in American History-State of the Colonies shortly before the Outbreak of the War of Independence-Burke

on American Population-Condition of Virginia, and Divisions in Virginian Society-Patrick Henry-Condition of

Massachusetts-Opposition to the taking of a Census--New England Austerity of Manners-Decay of the Indian Race-

Resistance of the Americans to English Taxation-Colonisation of Wyoming-Religion in New England-Progress of

Maryland-Frederick, Lord Baltimore-The Carolinas-The Middle States-Georgia-General Development and Tendencies

of America-The Coming Change.

CHAPTER XII.

The Resolution to call a General Congress-Jefferson on the Slave Trade-Determination of the Virginia Convention not to

Import Slaves-The Act for the Better Regulation of the Province of Massachusetts-Franklin's "Rules for Reducing

a Great Empire to a Small one"-Imaginary Edict of the King of Prussia, by the same Writer-Objections to some of

Franklin's Arguments-Measures of Resistance to the Regulating Act taken by the People of Massachusetts-Preparations

for Fighting-Putnam, of Connecticut, and Hawley, of Northampton-Resolutions of the Boston Committee-Coercion

and Resignation of Officials-Refusal of Bostonians to serve as Jurors-Threatening Proceedings of Armed Bands-Seizure

of Powder and Cannon belonging to the Colonists-Gage writes Home for Reinforcements, and suggests the Employment

of Indian Auxiliaries-Military Arrangements of the Colonists-The Suffolk Convention

CHAPTER XIII.

Meeting of the Congress at Philadelphia-Organisation of that Body-Speech of Patrick Henry-Voting Power of each Colony

--Discussion on the Rights of the Colonists, and Statement of Grievances Compromise by John Adams on the Power of

the Parent State-Various Resolutions and Proposals of the Congress-Declaration of Rights-Memorials and Addresses

to the King, to the People of England, to the Anglo-Americans, to the Canadians, and to the Inhabitants of various Settle

ments-Dissolution of the Congress-What it did for American Independence-Lord Chatham's Opinion of American Political

Genius Opposition of Quakers to the Congress Proceedings in Massachusetts, and Perplexity of Gage-Destruction of Tea

at Annapolis, Maryland-Meeting of the Massachusetts Representatives, and Formation of a Provincial Congress-Measures

taken by that Body-Gage and the Patriots-A Period of General Agitation and Aların

105

112

« 前へ次へ »

ブックス

Cassell's History of the United States, 第 2 巻、第 172 巻