What we have said of the Sabbath is equally applicable to the short poems that follow it, entitled Sabbath Walks. A body of notes is subjoined to the whole, chiefly relating to the persecutions formerly experienced by the Scotch presbyterians. As their fanaticks, however, suffered no more than they, or their ancestors under John Knox, had inflicted, whatever sympathy they may excite in Scotland, they cannot expect to inspire much interest here. The character of Bonaparte, drawn with no inconsiderable ability, though in a style, perhaps a little too turgid, will be much more gratifying to the American reader.

He

The character of Bonaparte will furnifh a fpecimen of more monflrous moral deformity, than was ever exhibited in the hiftorical museum. Poffeffing the power of conferring on mankind a greater portion of happiness than ever depended on the will of one man, he has been the author of miferies incalculable. He could have given liberty to France: he affumed abfolute power to himself. He could have given peace to Europe : he concluded an infidious truce. could have emancipated Switzerland: he rivetted the chains, which the Directory had forged. In St. Domingo, his conduct was a complication of the moft fottifh impolicy, the most savage cruelty, the moft knavith perfidy, that ever difgraced the annals of human nature. By this felf-created monarch, was Touffaint, the elected ruler of a free people, fwindled into a treaty, kidnapp ed during the peace that fucceeded, torn from his wife and children, transported in irons to France, immured in a dungeon, and, finally, affaffinated, (if uncontradicted accufation deferve any credit,) in a mode perfectly fuitable to the commencement and progrefs of the horrid

history, poifon under the difguife of

medicine. Yet this masked murderer

this druggist-affaffin prefumes to exclaim against the the uplifted arm of an Arena or a Georges. His effrontery can only be furpaffed by his hypocrify. Compared to him, Cromwell was a mere

novice in the art.-As to military talents, how infinitely inferiour is he to Moreau! Moreau faved, he facrificed his foldiers. Moreau, deftitute of refources, accomplished a retreat more fplendid than the Corfican fwindler's most celebrated victories. Moreau conducted his foldiers to their homes: the peftilential region.--His fuccefs in Italy Corfican deferted his in a diftant, hostile, (and there only he was successful) was a matter of arithmetical, rather than of military tacticks. In the cause of liberty each individual of the French army

was felf-devoted to death. The Corand were in reality, as fo much amfican's troops were in his eftimation, munition. Not a barrel of powder, not a caiffon, was more entirely at his difpofal, than were the lives of his men. only to calculate, whether he or his adverfary was most abundantly supplied with this human ammunition. It was a calculation of carnage. He was in truth the chief broker in the vendue-room of

He had.

victory, and he carried off the belt lots, by outbidding his competitors in the blood of the foldiery.-At laft, this puny mimick of Charlemagne, bedizened with the motley panegyricks of fawning fenators, obedient larv-makers, and affenting tribunes, has erected his throne on the yet trembling crater of the revolutionary volcano. From this hollow eminence, his felf-filled eye looked upward to his gorgeous canopy of ftate, but difcerned not the ftill more extended cano

of the world's derifion. Nor could his fancied exaltation be complete, withpy out the actual degradation of the humbled wearer of the Papal tiara, who, by his fufferance, is ftill permitted to retain the fhadow of a mighty name. This miferable chief of an expiring fuperfti the Capital of Continental Europe, and tion, dragged like another confcript to

drilled to the minutiae of the coronation manual, has been compelled to place an imperial diadem on that head fo much confummate the abfurd wickedness of the more worthy of a Damien's crown. To atchievement, the Sabbath, the day boly of the Lord, bonourable, has been prostituted to this facrilegious pantomime. Compared to fuch things as thefe, the

former atheism of the Corfican creed- · monger was fanctity itself.

THE Science of geography owes its progress to the assistance of maps, as in a less degree history is indebted to painting; for of the senses the eye is the most important, and the objects it embraces in the acquisition of knowledge are most extensive. The ideas received through this medium are generally clear and distinct; the impressions they make are strong and lasting, and seldom require an after operation of the mind to connect or arrange them. It comprehends at once all the proportions, numbers, and divisions of a painting, or piece of architecture; the beauties are equally stamped upon the mind, and time, although it may weaken, can never obliterate the images.

These reflections were suggest ed by inspecting the new map, lately presented to the American publick, by Mr. John Sullivan, jun. It comprehends, on a sheet of 4 by 4 feet, the whole of the United States, with part of Louisiana, the Floridas, and part of the British provinces of Canada, and furnishes a very distinct and valuable exposition of the political divisions and boundaries of the states.

To give an exact and comprehensive map of the United States was certainly a great and laudable undertaking, and such as the publick, if well executed, ought to encourage by something more than an affectation of patronage. The small maps in Morse's Gazetteer, the scarcity of Bradley's and the dearness of Arrowsmith's, and the

progress of civilization and improvement towards our Western frontiers, rendered the publication of the new map peculiarly interesting.

Gazetteers are serviceable to

soil, institutions, population, clishow with facility the qualities of mates, productions, arts, manners, and customs of different countries; but we must look to maps for their relative situations, and the connexion, that one district or territory has with another, the extent, situation,and direction of rivers, mountains, &c.

In the compilation of a map, made up of different surveys and descriptions of small sections of the country, difficulties and embarrassments occur, which are not obvious to a cursory observer. By diminishing large, and protracting small maps of the several states and territories, and comparing the variable surveys and correcting the anomalies, which are found in them, the publisher is liable to commit many errours, and becomes, in a great measure, answerable for the inaccuracies of his predecessors, whose works he is obliged to join and associate to form an aggregate of the whole. Nor are the materials easily obtained. If he trusts to the nume rous small maps in circulation, most of which are extremely defective, his imprudence is inexcusable; and if he looks for assist、 ance to original surveys, he will generally find them incomplete. Nor can an accurate map of the United States be expected, without efficient aid from government. Maps of some of the states have been published by authority; but instead of surveyors being em. ployed to fix the exact position of prominent objects, the bearings of which would correct other surveys, the compiler has been obliged to

collect plans of towns and small districts, and to make a patch-work whole of these discordant materials. Sometimes it would be necesary to bend or straighten a river, to protract or shorten its course; but this was not considered of much importance, and, to give the whole a pretty appearance, a range of mountains might be easily added for a boundary line. Nor can we blame the compiler for not going to an expense, that our economical governments will not incur. A society in this town was offered the privilege of making and publishing the maps of Massachusetts and Maine, and they would have had the volunteer assistance of many scientifick gentlemen; but government, by striving to drive too hard a bargain, lost the opportunity of obtaining accurate maps.

But we must not expect the encouragement of government to maps, when every seaman complains, that there is not a chart of the extensive shores of New-England, upon which he can rest the safety of his ship.

To give a plain delineation of the several states, as a kind of chart, by which we may study the political ties and interests that unite, or ought to unite us, under a general government, must be the greatest advantage resulting from this map. Accuracy in this respect is required, and not a particular location of small and inconsiderable towns. This, as it is not expected, only endangers the credit of the work; and here Mr. Sullivan has hazarded much. In Virginia, for instance, and in Massachusetts and other New-England states, the map appears crowded, and the centres of towns are not noted definitively by small circles, as is usually done in good maps. Had he, therefore, paid less atten

tion to this part, and more explicitly marked the post-roads and towns, which are certainly of great consequence, and perhaps coloured them, he would have turned some of his industry to better account.

The meridians and parallels might have been more accurately and truly drawn, and the graver guided by a more skilful hand, The execution should have been under the superintendance of an experienced engraver, rather than, as would seem from its aspect, have been put into the stiff and unpractised hands of an apprentice. It is a pity the valuable labour of two years, spent by the compiler in collecting and arrang. ing so much useful information, should be dressed out with so little taste and skill. The work would have found a more welcome reception, if, in addition to the science of the proprietor, the map had presented a better specimen of the ingenuity and proficiency of American engravers.

The colouring is neat and judicious, and affords at one glance a better knowledge of the boundaries of the several states, than could be gained by months devoted to study. In some parts omissions and inaccuracies occur, which are not, however, unpardonable. Mountains are laid down in different places, with precision and a good relief; but Monadnock, in New-Hampshire, and Wachusett, in Massachusetts, two great landmarks in New-England, are quite forgotten; they are not noticed on the map. As longitude is sometimes reckoned from London or Greenwich, and sometimes from Paris, notice ought always to be given, from what meridian we are to count; but, as the degrees are marked on this map without a reference to the first meridian, we

hope a new edition will be supplied, at top or bottom, with "Longitude West from London."

When many sheets are to be joined to form a large map, much large map, much care and practice are requisite to make the various lines meet,& unite them correctly. The "New Map of the United States" furnishes evidence, either of the difficulty of this part of the work, or the carelessness of the workmen.

We have examined the longitude and latitude of many places, and, from the inquiries we have made, the map is as accurate as can be expected. It would be ungrateful to demand a minute attention to towns and small districts, when the whole Union on so small a sheet is pendent on the walls of our countingrooms and studies. The postroads are laid out with exactness, though indistinctly, and the great rivers of North-America pursue their sinuous courses and empty their mighty waters, where nature has commanded. The Mississippi, Mobile, Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio, all have their proper range, and, with Mr. Sullivan's efforts,

proclaim the value and richness of countries yet untrodden beyond the Appalachian mountains, countries unequalled for agricultural and inland commercial advantages. That section, comprizing Louisiana, is almost a blank; and such for many years will probably be every accurate representation of that country.

Two very valuable tables are placed upon the map. The first shews the number and names of ports of entry in the United States those being particularly designated, which are such for vessels from and beyond the Cape of Good Hope. The second contains the length and breadth of all the States, with their chief towns, their distance from the city of Washington, and an estimate of the population of the Union.

Notwithstanding its imperfections, the new map claims the attention of the publick. It furnishes all the knowledge, which a work of the kind is intended to convey, and perhaps is as accurate as any map of the United States yet published, and may be procured at comparatively small expense.

A TOTAL eclipfe of the fun is a rare and interefting occurrence. In May, 1706, there was one obferved in Switzerland and in the fouthern parts of France. On the 22d of April, 1715, the fun was totally eclipfed at London. Accounts of both those eclipfes were publifhed in the tranfactions of the Royal Society. The laft was observed by Dr. Halley, who remarks, that there had not before been seen a total eclipfe of the fun at London, fince the 20th March, 1140. "Having found," fays Dr. Halley, " by comparing what had been formerly obferved of folar eclipfes, that the whole fhadow would fall upon England, I thought it a very proper opportunity to

1806.

get the dimenfions of the fhade afcertained by obfervation, and accordingly I caufed a small map of England, defcribing the track and bounds thereof, to be difperfed all over the kingdom, with a request to the curious to obferve what they could about it, but more efpecially to note the time of continuance of total darkness." It is to be regretted,

that fome fuch method had not been a dopted in this country, previous to the remarkable eclipfe which we have recently witneffed. We hope we shall be pardoned, when we remark, that our Savans appear to have been fomewhat remifs in omitting to invite and direct the publick attention on this interefting oc

cafion. At the fame time we must exprefs our acknowledgments to the ingenious author of a pamphlet, which, to the extent of its circulation, in a great degree accomplished the defired purpose. It was written, we understand, by Mr. ANDREW NEWELL, a young printer of Boston, whose predilection for astronomical studies has prompted him to affiduous application to that fublime branch of fcience, and whofe advances therein are faid to be refpectable.

A number of gentlemen in Boston, who had furnished themselves with proper inftruments, agreed to meet on the morning of the 16th at the house of Mr. Benjamin Buffey, in Summer Street, for the purpose of obferving the eclipfe. Their obfervations, as communicated by their committee of arrangements, are as follow.

"Our obfervations were made in Mr.Buffey's garden with three achromatick telefcopes, which we thall diftinguith by the numbers 1, 2, 3. No. 1 magnified about 45 times; No. 2 was furnished with a double object glafs, and magnified about 70times; the magnifying power of No. 3 was finall, but it gave a clear and diftinct vision. The time was determined by an excellent watch with a fecond hand. Obfervations of corresponding altitudes for adjufting our time were omitted. Suitable inftruments on which we could rely were not readily to be obtained,and it wasnot found convenient to pay the requisite attention, without which such observations would have been nugatory or delufive. We therefore determined to confider Prefident Webber's clock, at Cambridge, as our standard, and to compare our watch with it immediately after our obfervations fhould be finished.

The gentlemen at telescopes No. 1 and 2 were placed near to each other. Their obfervations correfponded, excepting as refpects the end of the eclipfe. By telescope No. 1 and 2:— Beginning, Beginning of total ob

fcuration of the fun,

End of the fame,

10h. S' 21"

11. 22′ 31′′, 11. 27' 09

Mean duration, by the three obfervations, 2h. 44′ 41′′.

The watch was found to be 14" flower than Prefident Webber's clock, with which it was compared in the afternoon Adding 14" to each of our observations, they may be confidered as having been made by the clock used by the Prefident; allowance fhould be made however for the fmall difference of longitude between Bofton andCambridge,and for the poffible variation in the rate of going of the watch, between the time of our observations and the comparison made with the clock at Cambridge. The Prefident has not yet finished his obfervations for the correction of his clock. When they fhall be completed, and, together with his observations on the eclipfe, thall be communi❤ cated, the use and value of our obferv ations will be better determined.

In this vicinity, and probably throughout New-England, this interefting phe

nomenon

was obferved under very favourable circumstances. The day was remarkably fine. Not a cloud obfcured any portion of the hemifphere. The air was dry and clear, and the heavens, before the obfcurations, were in a robe of brightest azure. The wind was northweft in the morning, but shifted to northeaft after the eclipfe commenced,and continued easterly until its completion. The thermometer, expofed to the open air, in the fhade, on a north wall, fell eleven degrees. No dew fell. This was afcertained by placing on a board a piece of foft paper, twelve inches fquare, which was accurately weighed before the com mencement of the eclipfe and immedi ately after the emerfion of the fun. No difference in the weight was perceived. There was a fenfible chillinefs, however, in the air, and fome of the company found an outfide garment very comforta ble. The mercury in the barometer flood at 30,2 from 8 o'clock, until 3 in P. M.

Venus appeared in the fouth-weft, about 15 minutes before the total ob fcuration, and was visible more than 20