have effect on the first day of November | be comprehended in the explanation of ensuing. These being the only known the requisites to be a compliance with it. edicts of France, within the description of The British Government was accordingly the act, and the revocation of them being apprised by our Minister near it, that such that they ceased, at that date, to such was the light in which the subject violate our neutral commerce; the fact, as was to be regarded.-In this new posture prescribed by law, was announced by a of our relations with these powers, the conproclamation bearing date the 2d day of sideration of Congress will be properly November. It would have well accorded turned to a removal of doubts which may with the conciliatory views, indicated by occur in the exposition, and difficulties this proceeding on the part of France, to in the execution of the act above cited.have extended them to all the grounds of The commerce of the United States, with just complaint, which now remain unad- the north of Europe, heretofore much justed with the United States. It was vexed by licentious cruisers, particularly particularly anticipated that, as a further under the Danish flag, has latterly been evidence of just dispositions towards them, visited with fresh and extensive depredarestoration would have been immediately tions. The measures pursued in behalf of made of the property of our citizens our injured citizens, not having obtained seized under a misapplication of the prin- justice for them, a further and more formal ciple of reprisals, combined with a mis- interposition with the Danish Government construction of a law of the United States. is contemplated. The principles which This expectation has not been fulfilled. have been maintained by tha: Government From the British Government no commu-in relation to neutral commerce, and the nication on the subject of the act has been friendly professions of his Danish Majesty received. To a communication from our towards the United States, are valuable Minister at London of the revocation, by pledges in favour of a successful issue. the French Government, of its Berlin and Among the events growing out of the Milan Decrees, it was answered that the state of the Spanish Monarchy, our attenBritish system would be relinquished as tion was imperiously attracted to the soon as the repeal of the French Decrees change, developing itself in that portion have actually taken effect, and the com- of West Florida, which though of right merce of neutral nations have been re-appertaining to the United States, had re.stored to the condition in which it stood previously to the promulgation of those Decrees. This pledge, although it does not necessarily import, does not exclude the intention of relinquishing, along with the Orders in Council, the practice of these novel blockades which have a like effect of interrupting our neutral com-juncture, I did not delay the interposition merce. And this further justice to the required for the occupancy of the territory United States is the rather to be looked west of the river Perdido, to which the for, inasmuch as the blockades in question title of the United States extends, and to being not more contrary to the established which the laws provided for the territory law of nations, than inconsistent with the of Orleans, are applicable. With this rules of blockade formerly recognised by view the proclamation, of which a copy Great Britain herself, could have no al- is laid before you, was confided to the ledged basis other than the plea of re- governor of that territory, to be carried taliation alledged as the basis of the Or-into effect. The legality and necessity ders in Council. Under the modification of the original Orders in Nov. 1807 into the Orders of April 1809, there is indeed scarcely a nominal distinction between the Orders and the blockades. One of these illegitimate blockades, bearing date in May 1506, having been expressly avowed to be still unrescinded, and to he in effect comprehended in the Orders in Council, was too distinctly brought within the purview of the act of Congress, not to

mained in the possession of Spain, awaiting the result of negociation for its actual delivery to them. The Spanish authority was subverted: and a situation produced, exposing the country to ulterior events, which might essentially affect the rights and welfare of the union. In such a con

of the course pursued, assure me of the favourable light in which it will present itself to the legislature; and of the promp titude with which they will supply whatever provisions may be due to the essential rights and equitable interests of the people thus brought into the bosom of the American family. Our amity with the powers of Barbary, with the exception of a recent occurrence at Tunis, of which an explanation is just received, appears to

have been uninterrupted, and to have be- | out of the vacant grounds which have ac come more firmly established. With the crued to the nation within those limits Indian tribes, also, the peace and friend- Such an institution, though local in its leship of the United States are found to be so gal character, would be universal in its eligible, that the disposition to preserve beneficial effects. By enlightening the both continues to gain strength.-I feel opinions; by expanding the patriotism; particular satisfaction in remarking that and by assimilating the principles, the senan interior view of our country presents ments and manners of those who might us with grateful proofs of its substantial resors to this temple of science, to be reand increasing prosperity. To a thriv-distributed, in due time, through every ing agricolture, and the improve-part of the community, sources of jealousy ments relating to it, is added a highly in- and prejudice would be diminished, the teresting extension of useful manufactures, features of national character would be the combined product of professional oc- multiplied, and greater extent given to socupations, and of household industry. cial harmony.-Eut above all, a well conSuch, indeed, is the experience of econo- stituted seminary in the centre of the namy, as well as of policy, in these sub- tion is recommended by the consideration, stitutes for supplies heretofore obtained by that the additional instruction emanating foreign commerce, that, in a national from it, would contribute not less to view, the change is justly regarded as of strengthen the foundations, than to adorn itself more than a recompence for those the structure of our free and happy system privations and losses resulting from fo- of government.-Among the commercial reign injustice, which furnished the abuses still committed under the American general impulse required for its accom-flag, and leaving in force my former replishment. How far it may be expe- ferences to that subject, it appears that dient to guard the infancy of this im- American citizens are instrumental in carprovement in the distribution of la-rying on a traffic in enslaved Africans, bour, by regulations of the commercial equally in violation of the laws of humanity, tariff, is a subject which cannot fail to sug- and in defiance of those of their own coungest itself to your patriotic reflections. try. The same just and benevolent moIt will rest with the consideration of Con- tives which produced the interdiction in gress also, whether a provident, as well as force against this criminal conduct, will fair encouragement, would not be given to doubtless be felt by Congress, in devising our navigation, by such regulations as will further means of suppressing the evil.-In place it on a level of competition with fo- the midst of uncertainties, necessarily conreign vessels, particularly in transporting nected with the great interests of the the important and bulky productions of our United States, prudence requires a conown soil. The failure of equality and re- tinuance of our defensive and precauciprocity in the existing regulations on this tionary arrangements. The Secretary of subject, operates, in our ports, as a pre-War and Secretary of the Navy will submium to foreign competition; and the in-mit the statements and estimates which convenience must increase as these may may aid Congress, in their ensuing probe multiplied under more favourable cir-visions for the land and naval forces. The cumstances, by the more than countervail- statements of the latter will include a view ing encouragements now given them by of the transfers, of appropriations in the the laws of their respective countries. naval expenditure, and the grounds on Whilst it is universally admitted that a which they were made.-The fortifications well-instructed people alone can be per- for the defence of our maritime frontier, manently a free people; and whilst it is have been prosecuted according to the plan evident that the means of diffusing and im-laid down in 1808. The works, with se proving useful knowledge form so small a proportion of the expenditures for national purposes, I cannot presume it to be unseasonable to invite your attention to the advantages of superadding, to the means of education provided by the several States, a seminary of learning, instituted by the national Legislature, within the limits of their exclusive jurisdiction, the expence of which might be defrayed or reimbursed

exceptions, are completed, and furnished with ordnance. Those for the security of New York, though far advanced towards completion, will require a further time and appropriation. This is the case with a few others, either not completed, or in need of repairs.-The improvements, in quality and quantity, made in the manufactory of cannon; and of small arms, both at the public armorics, and private factories, war.

rant additional confidence in the compe- | principles of war can be taught without actency of those resources, for supplying the tual war, and without the expense of extenpublic exigencies. These preparations for sive and standing armies, have the precious arming the militia, having thus far provid- advantage of uniting an essential preparaed for one of the objects contemplated by tion against external danger, with a scrupu the power vested in Congress, with respect lous regard to internal safety. In no other to that great bulwark of the public safety, way, probably, can a provision of equal it is for their consideration, whether fur- efficacy, for the public defence, he made ther provisions are not requisite, for the at so little expence, or more consistently other contemplated objects, of organization with public liberty.-The receipts into the and discipline. To give to this great Treasury during the year ending on the mass of physical and moral force, the ef- 30th of September last (and amounting to ficiency which it merits, and is capable of more than eight millions and a half of dolreceiving, it is indespensible that they lars), have exceeded the current expenses should be instructed and practised in the of the Government, including the interest rules by which they are to be governed. of the public debt.-For the purpose of reTowards an accomplishment of this im-imbursing at the end of the year 3,759,000 portant work, I recommend, for the consideration of Congress, the expediency of a system, which shall, in the first instance, call into the field, at the public expence, and for a given time, certain portions of the commissioned and non-commissioned officers. The instruction and discipline thus acquired would gradually diffuse thro' the entire body of militia that practical knowledge and promptitude for actual service, which are the great ends to be pursued. Experience has left no doubt, either of the necessity, or of the efficacy of competent military skill, in those portions of an army, in fitting it for the final duties which it may have to perform.-The corps of engineers, with the military academy, are entitled to the early attention of Congress. The buildings at the seat fixt by law, for the present academy, are not so far in decay, as not to afford the necessary accommodatiou. But a revision of the law is recommended, principally with a view to a more enlarged cultivation and diffusion of the advantage of such institutions, by providing professorships for all the necessary branches of military instruction, and by the establishment of an additional academy, at the seat of govern ment, or elsewhere. The means by which war, as well for defence, as for offence, are now carried on, render these schools of the most scientific operation an indispensible part of every adequate system. Senators I have ordered my Minister Even among nations whose large standing for Foreign Affairs to communicate to you armies and frequent wars afford every the several circumstances which occasion other opportunity of instruction, these the junction of Holland with the Empire. establishments are found to be indispensi--The Orders published by the British ble for the due attainment of the branches Council in 1806 and 4807 have rent in of military science, which require a regular pieces the public law of Europe. A new course of study and experiment. In a go-order of things governs the Universe.. vernment, happily without the other oppor- New securities becoming necessary to me, tunities, seminaries where the elementary the junction of the mouths of the Scheldt,

dollars, of the principal, a loan, as authorised by law, had been negociated to that amount, but has since been reduced to 2,750,000 dollars; the reduction being permitted by the state of the Treasury, in which there will be a balance remaining at the end of the year, estimated at 2,000,000 dollars. For the probable receipts the next year, and other details, I refer to statements which will be transmitted from the Treasury, and which will enable you to judge what further proceedings may be necessary for the ensuing.Reserving to future occasions, in the course of the Session, whatever other communications may claim your attention, I close the present, by expressing my reliance, under the blessing of Divine Providence, on the judgment and patriotism which will guide your measures, at a period particularly calling for united councils, and inflexible exertions, for the welfare of our country; and by assuring you of the fidelity and alacrity with which my co-operation will be afforded.

FRANCE.-Napoleon's Message to the Conservative Senate, laying before them a report of the State of the Empire, and of his measures relative to Holland, the North of Europe, England, Prisoners of War, the Valais, &c. 10th Dec. 1810.

FRANCE-Report, or Exposition, of the State of the Empire, by the DUKE OF CADORE, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Emaların at the continually increasing prosperor, 8th Dee. 1810.

Naples, fell into the power of France. would have ended. happily, when Fox The Germanic body, established upon died. From that time they languished. principles contrary to those upon which the The ministers were neither sufficiently enFrench empire was founded, dropped to lightened nor temperate to perceive the pieces; and the system of the Confedera- necessity of peace. Prussia, excited by tion of the Rhine transformed to close and that spirit which England infused into all necessary allies the same nations, who in Europe, put her troops in march. The the first coalitions marched against France; Imperial Guard received orders to set out; and united them indissolubly to herself by Lord Lauderdale appeared terrified at the their common interests. The peace of consequences of the new events that were Amiens then became. in England the preparing. It was proposed to sign the object of every Statesman. The new treaty; that Prussia should be included acquisitions by France, which there were in it, and that the Confederation of the no hopes of wresting from her at any fu- North of Germany should be recognized. ture time, rendered the fault that was com- Your Majesty, with that spirit of moderamitted more evident, and shewed the full tion of which you have given such freextent of it. An enlightened man, who quent examples to Europe, consented.during the short interval of the peace of The departure of the Imperial Guard was Amiens, visited Paris, and had learned to delayed for some days, but Lord Lauderknow France and your Majesty, was put dale hesitated: he thought it necessary to at the head of affairs in England. This send a messenger to his Court, and that man of genius comprehended the situation messenger brought him an order to return. of the two countries. He perceived that In a few days after Prussia no longer exit was not in the power of any State to isted as a preponderating Power. Poscompel France to retrogade; and that terity will consider that period as one of the true policy consisted in arresting her the most decisive in the histories of Engprogress. He perceived, that by the land and of France. The treaty of Tilsit success obtained over the third coalition, put an end to the fourth coalition.-[After the question was changed; and that it some further uninteresting remarks, the must no longer he thought of contesting Report proceeds thus:]-The fifth coawith France the possessions, that she ac lition broke out, the new events of which quired by victory; but that it was neces- again turned out advantageous to France. sary, by a speedy peace, to prevent those The only ports by which England preserv new acquisitions which the continuation of ed an avowed communication with the Conthe war would render inevitable. This tinent, together with the Illyrian provinces minister did not conceal any of the ad- passed under the power of your Majesty Tantages which France derived from the by the treaty of Vienna, and the Allies of erroneous policy of England; but he had the Empire beheld their power increased. in view those which she might still ac-The British Orders in Council had overquire. He thought that England would thrown the laws of the commerce of the gain much, if none of the Continental world; England, whose whole existence Powers lost more. He directed his po- is attached to commerce, had thus thrown licy to disarm France, and to have the disorder into the commerce of other naConfederation of the North of Germany tions. She had contemned all its privirecognized in opposition to the Confede- leges. The decrees of Berlin and of Miration of the Rhine. He perceived that lan had repelled these monstrous novel. Prussia could only be preserved by peace; ties, Holland found that her position was a and that on the fate of that power de- difficult one; her government had not an pended the system of Saxony, of Hessia, action sufficiently energetic; her customof Hanover, the fate of the mouths of the houses afforded too little security to permit Ems, of the Jade, of the Weser, of the that centre of continental commerce to reElbe, of the Oder, and of the Vistula, main much longer insulated from France. ports necessary for the commerce of Eng- Your Majesty, for the interests of your peoland. Like a great man, Fox did not de- ple,and to secure the execution of the sysliver himself up to useless sorrow for the tem which you had opposed to the tyrannirupture of the Treaty of Amiens, and cal act of England, saw yourself compelled losses henceforth irreparable; he wished to change the fate of Holland. Your Mato prevent greater, and he sent Lord Laud-jesty, nevertheless, constant in your sys erdale to Paris.-The negotiations began, tem, and in your desire of peace, gave and every thing led to hope that they England to understand that she could not